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In terms of social impact the war had on people in the North, more specifically, African Americans, they were beginning to be further recognized and elevated as US citizens. With the beginning of what may be recognized as the Civil Rights movement and the ratification of the 15th amendment, things were beginning to slowly but surely change for African Americans. Not to mention, what is known as the era of Reconstruction, brought positive impact towards many former slaves; families that had been separated before and during the Civil War were reunited, and slave marriages were beginning to be formalized through legally recognized ceremonies.

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As for Social Changes in the South, and following Reconstruction, Southern state governments systematically stripped African Americans of their basic political and civil rights. Literacy Tests, many freed men, lacking a formal education, could not pass these reading and writing tests. As a result, they were barred from voting.

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In the North, the economy had prospered during the war, bringing economic growth to both factories and farms. Since the war had been fought mostly in the South, the North didn't have to rebuild much. Slavery was quickly abolished and the economy reverted to the rising industry. There was now an increase in the need for cheap labor to work in the factories; and an increase in railroad building.

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In the South, smaller industrial base, fewer rail lines, and an agricultural economy relying on  slave labor made mobilization of resources more difficult. Southerners lost massive amounts of wealth as farm lands were destroyed during the war. Wealthy
plantation owners lost wealth when slaves, being part of their property, were freed. Not to mention, the war was mostly fought in the South.

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In comparison, a slightly smaller percentage of white Southerners were literate than their Northern counterparts, and Southern children tended to spend less time in school. Due to the cultural tie to the farms, children were needed by the family to help on farms or around the home. As adults, Southern men tended to ally with the Democratic political party and gravitated toward military careers as well as agriculture. Religiously, the South used religion to support the institution of slavery, citing various Bible verses to further their beliefs.

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Slaves made up for most of the Souths economic gain. 

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The era of Reconstruction

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Ratification of the 15th amendment