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*Children are still young so progressive theory believes that student interests should not be the only factor to determine what they should learn

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Traditional education places emphasis on competition
*Society and learning are more often advanced through cooperation

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"The social atmosphere of the school should be cooperative and democratic".

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"The social atmosphere of the school should be cooperative and democratic".

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-Progressives believe that schools are unnaturally competitive

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"The teacher's role is that of advisor, guide, and fellow traveler, rather than that of authoritarian and classroom director".

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"The teacher's role is that of advisor, guide, and fellow traveler, rather than that of authoritarian and classroom director".

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Teachers should use student interests to help create a learning environment that will allow for learning to happen.

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Progressive theory believes:
-that children naturally want to learn
-They have certain needs

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"The process of education finds its genesis and purpose in the child".

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"The process of education finds its genesis and purpose in the child".

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Progressives put the child at the forefront of the school
-Then worked to develop methods and curriculum that meet the student's needs, interests and initiatives

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Renewed interest in the late 60s and 70s

"Help everybody's children take part in making culture".

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Progressives opposed certain school practices:
-Authoritarian teacher
-Relying on textbooks
-Teaching memorization
-4-walls approach
-Use of fear or punishment as discipline

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Although progressive theory was for the most part adopted in education it was never a consistent practice.

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Developed by educators: Washburne, Kilpatrick, Rugg, Counts, Bode, and Childs.

Became the dominant theory in American Education from the 1920s to-1950s.

Progressive theory fell in the mid-50s due to its ideas and programs being adopted by public school.

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John Dewey
- Philosopher of the pragmatic school
-Pragmatism is a central influence in progressive educational theory

Sigmund Freud
-More freedom of self-expression among children

Jean-Jacques Rousseau
-Book resonated with progressives that opposed the interference of adults in establishing the learning goals or curriculum of children

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Progressivism came about as a reaction against traditional education.
-formal methods of instruction
-mental learning
-classic literature from the West

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America at this time was in the middle of urbanization and industrialization.

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Progressivism in education that came out about in the late 19th century and early 20th centuries.