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Montgomery Bus Boycott: December 5, 1955 - December 20, 1956

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Montgomery Bus Boycott: December 5, 1955 - December 20, 1956

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Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest against segregated seating, where African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama. It is the first large-scale U.S. demonstration against segregation. The starting point of the protest is four days before the protest when Rosa Parks, who was an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to yield a seat to a white man. Martin Luther King Jr. emerged as a leader of the American civil rights movement.

This photo shows Rosa Parks and a white man sitting on the bus. This symbolizes equality as they are now sitting together on the bus, not having to yield a seat to a white man.

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Little Rock 9: September 4, 1957 - September 25, 1957

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Little Rock 9: September 4, 1957 - September 25, 1957

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On September 4, nine African American students arrived at all-white Central High school in Little Rock, Arkansas. They made their way through obscenity. When the students reached the school, the National Guard prevented them from entering school and forced them to go home. On September 25, they were able to enter the school, protected by federal troops.

The photo shows nine African American students walking their way to all-white highschool, and also shows people shouting and squinting at them at the back. This photo is significant as it shows how fierce the situation that African American students had to face.

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Freedom Riders: May 4, 1961 - December 10, 1961

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Freedom Riders: May 4, 1961 - December 10, 1961

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Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil activists who participated in Freedom Rides, which were bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest about segregated bus terminals. It was organized by CORE’s national director, James Farmer and took place during a period in which African American were harassed and subjected to segregation in the Jim Crow South.

The picture shows the harsh situation that freedom riders had to face during their movement. A mob firebombed one of the Freedom Riders buses in Alabama. The significance of the picture is that it shows the harsh journey of the civil rights movement and that is what makes civil rights activists to be admired by many people.

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Martin Luther King: Date of Famous “I Have A Dream” Speech (August 28, 1963)

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Martin Luther King: Date of Famous “I Have A Dream” Speech (August 28, 1963)

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100 years after Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation freeing the slaves, a young man named Marin Luther King describe his vision of America at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. More than 200,000 people came to listen. All those people came to demand equal rights among people with the same dreams that Martin Luther King said in the speech.

The picture shows the moment of Martin Luther King’s “I Have A Dream” speech. This photo is significant as it shows the speech which led the U.S. government into action on civil rights and had a lasting effect on the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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President John Kennedy - Assassination: November 22, 1963

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President John Kennedy - Assassination: November 22, 1963

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John Kennedy, the 35th president of the US, is assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas. By the fall of 1963, President John Kennedy was preparing for the next presidential campaign. There were high chances for his re-election. He was a great president who supported equality in society.

This picture shows the situation right before he was assassinated. This picture is significant as it visually describes the mood of the moment.

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In New York City, while addressing his organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights, Malcolm X who was an African American nationalist leader was assassinated at the age of 39. He taught his fellow African Americans to protect themselves against white aggression by any means necessary.

The picture is significant as it shows the bullet holes in the back of the stage where Malcolm X was shot.

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Selma - Black Voting Rights: March 7, 1965~ March 25, 1965

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Selma - Black Voting Rights: March 7, 1965~ March 25, 1965

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Peace protesters marched for voting rights in Selma, Alabama. However, they were brutally attacked by state troopers. This march became known as “Bloody Sunday” and swept across America. This prompted the congress for the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

This photo is significant as it shows the brutality of state troopers attacking African Americans who were only willing to get the same rights as white people as citizens in the country.

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It was a revolutionary organization founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, who met at Merritt College in Oakland with an ideology of Black nationalism, socialism, and armed self-defense, particularly against police brutality. They were made to challenge police brutality against the African American community. The members were dressed in black clothes and patrolled in Oakland and other cities in America. The organization had approximately 2000 members in 1968.

This photo is significant as it shows Black Panther Party’s founders, Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton patrolled in the city, same with all the other members.

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The Watergate scandal began when several burglars were arrested in the office of the Democratic National Committee located in Washington D.C. It was not an ordinary robbery, but it was connected to President Nixon’s reelection campaign. They had been caught wiretapping phones and stealing documents. President Nixon took aggressive actions to cover up the crimes. However, when few reporters reported the crime, President Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974. This had a great impact on American politics, leading many Americans to rethink about their leaders and think more critically about the presidency.

This photo is significant as it gave the comfort to the people that justice was served, and that money and power cannot win over justice.

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The Vietnam War was a long conflict between the communist government of North Vietnam and South Vietnam, with its ally, US. The conflict was intensified with the Cold War between the Soviet Union and US. More than 3 million people were killed in the Vietnam war, including over 58,000 Americans. However, more than half of the victims were Vietnamese civilians.

This photo shows how the Vietnam war involved many prisoners between two sides. They were violently interrogated and treated as animals.