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Anthony Crosland = created comprehensive school system, made them bigger with the progression of time

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Introduction of the comprehensive education system

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Introduction of the comprehensive education system

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- Was introduced through a series of experiments- made some schools comprehensive as "guinea pig" schools
- Shifted & questioned importance of grammar schools- called for attention into the reproduction of inequality

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- Recent reforms to provide all students in KS1 a free hot meal due to research showing that students who had been provided with these were ahead of those who had not- ensured a balanced lunch and therefore supported educational engagement

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Free school meals provided to all year 1 and 2 pupils.
Balanced lunches increase attainment

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ignorant enquirer
if you answer question quickly it shows it cant be correct because you haven't evaluated properly
philosophy of admitting ignorance

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- Once asked a question and received an answer then asked another question. If answered a question quickly he believes it is not correct as not analyses properly.
- Staged activities in schools to include this method - ask a question at the start on lesson then go back to it at the end of the lesson for a new look and response to the question

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Philosopher- Johan Heinrich Pestalozzi and his contributions

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Philosopher- Johan Heinrich Pestalozzi and his contributions

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- He was social reformer of education.
- Believed that teaching was a form of education
- His main belief was that every human had the ability to learn and should have the right to do so.
- His contribution to education was the child centered approach and that an active participation was more effective than the passive

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Philosopher - Freidrich Frobel and his contributions

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Philosopher - Freidrich Frobel and his contributions

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- Frobel introduced the idea of play into the classroom as he believed it to be the most valuable and effective method of teaching
- He felt that visual learning through the use of materials such as blocks, sticks, clay and chalk were effective ways to facilitate learning
- Frobel felt that it was important that society viewed childhood as a part of life instead of preparation for adulthood
- Frobel influenced the education system by implementing play as a crucial element of our curriculum
- He also opened the first kindergarten in 1840
Emily

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Introduction of compulsory education within England. 

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Introduction of compulsory education within England. 

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- 1870 Legislation act, the first piece of legislation to do with education being compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 10.
- Prussia was the first country to introduce tax funded education system. which led to compulsory education.
- Provided a way of bettering society through education. Rather than utilising child labour to benefit the work force.

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Education after the world war
- Schools effected by evacuation.
- Mandatory medical inspection.

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play leads learning - allows children to get a better understanding of the world
children learn best through looking and playing with things
childhood is seen as a part of life, not just prep for adulthood

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- Original language marked in tablets and wet clay- allows to relate to others and have written policy
- Internet opened instant communication- allows access to books whilst saving time and resources
- Interactive whiteboards- makes content more accessible for children and allows teachers to better use their resources to engage students

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- introduced for experiments in 1940s, ended up creating 152 comprehensive schools by 1962.
- focused on introducing better resources into schools from more funding.

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more competitive education system by introduced GCSEs, SATS and league tables
improve overall standard of education
Amie

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- introduced marketisation into British schools
- Based on the principles of making schools more competitive and parentocracy
- Introduced school league tables, national curriculum, Ofsted, formula funding and open enrolment

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- Father of modern education & pedagogy
- Believed teaching was a subject worth studying in it's own right like English or maths
- Believed it was society's duty to provide education to all no matter the background
- Acknowledged the disadvantage of poor students
- Head, heart & hands
- Founded the child-centered approach
- Believed authority should be based on love not fear

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- Religion was no longer the biggest contributing factor and influence on education.
- Parliament vs Monarchy during the civil war leading to a shift in the control of education post civil war.
- New restrictive laws towards the church and their influence on education post civil war.

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- using technology in the classroom has made education accessible in the home
- the increase in use of technology in society has forced schools to introduce technology in the classroom
Emily

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- Based on principles of making schools more competitive and giving parents more choice
- The national curriculum means that all   children learnt the same content from ages 5-16 years
- Aim of Ofsted is to drive up standards of schools
- No Government has changed the fundaments of the Act since, meaning that it is successful

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- Schools effected by evacuation

- Helped to regulate the education system

- All schools required to engage with it

- Mandatory medical inspections in every school

- Free school meals for children

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- Believed that play leads learning

- Playing helps children get a better understanding of the world

- He developed wooden blocks, chalk, sticks to help children learn

- Childhood is seen as a part of life, not just preparation for adulthood

- Invented kindergarden

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- School meals were paid for by parent/guardian unless evidence was given that they couldn’t provide that and then government would then pay for the child's meals

- Recently there was a movement to introduce free school meals to all children in years 1 and 2, no matter what background they have

- This is because it has been observed that children who have school meals rather than packed lunch are months in advance in regards to academic attainment

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National Curriculum when parliament published the 1988 act

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National Curriculum when parliament published the 1988 act

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- Introduced ranking tables, GCSE's, and SATs
- Parent's gained freedom over their children's education
- Ofsted helped improve the standards of education
- Caused pressure for teachers and pupils
Lucy

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- The change between governing bodies had an impact on the education system, shifts between government and monarchy
- The changes in the system can be seen to this day
- Religion is restricted in its power over the education system leading to a secular curriculum

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- Created by Socrates
- Asking questions until students come to an answer
- Lets students learn themselves instead of being spoon-fed
- It allows deeper learning and consideration of topics
- Admitting to ignorance underpins it

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- Swiss social reformer, father of modern education
- He is the reason education is a separate area of knowledge
- Believes we all have the right to learn and an education
- Believes poor were at a disadvantage wanted to help them
- Brought about the child centred approach
- Introduced communications between parents and teachers
- Authority should be based on love and not fear

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- Restrictive laws were placed, parliament was in charge, not the monastery.
- Looks to be one of the first times that religious powers were valued less importantly in society.
- Affected schooling in the type of schooling available (state schools vs. church schools)

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National Curriculum - Education Reform Act

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National Curriculum - Education Reform Act

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- 1988 marked the establishment of OFSTED, which works to record school standards.
- Influenced how the curriculum is now, required schools to teach core subjects such as Math and Science.
- introduced the use of league tables for school competitiveness.

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View of the Child (Industrial Revolution)

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View of the Child (Industrial Revolution)

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- Set in a "pre-compulsory" era of education. (Views on children was heavily dependent on the time, - children now are viewed differently to how they were in the industrial revolution.)
- Education was predominantly for aristocratic, high social class children.
- There were some religious schools that would accommodate students of other classes, but still the upper class was still the main "bracket" attending school.
- Poor children were allowed to work for up to 12 hours a day, they were considered to be "mini adults".
- Schools were seen as something to be resented, even after it was made compulsory.

-(Kalena)

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- Many disruptions to the education system during the war e.g. evacuations, school closures, mandatory disruptions.
- The 1944 Education Act brought in provisions which greatly affected the way schools were managed and run e.g. Minister of Education

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- Significant unrest in society.
- Restrictive laws put in place - The Church was not viewed as being as important and therefore the amount of monastic schools decreased.
- Post monarchy restoration however, led to the church becoming prominent again.
- The schooling system didn't discriminate by class, everyone was included.
-There was more focus on merit, which allowed for people to "move around more in society"
- Some aspects of schooling during the Civil war is still demonstrated today, such as there being less focus on religion being prominent in education.

-(Kalena)