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These sports books have a sports setting, but the MDQ always goes beyond sports. In these texts, the sport is a backdrop to more pressing and serious problems and conflicts, such as those that appear in problem stories (Tunnell, 2020).

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These sports books are interested in the score and who wins the game. The MDQ always centers around victory (Tunnell 2020).

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Texts that involve some kind of sporting setting or topic (Tunnell, 2020).

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These stories are often set in the wilderness. The protagonist in these stories are faced with some conflict involving survival. There may also be a focus on mental growth as much as physical endurance (Tunnell, 2020).

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The tone in these stories are generally lighter than in problem novels, though the focus may be similar. The plot often follows the protagonist as they struggle to fit in at school or with their family (Tunnell, 2020).

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Problem novels focus on traditionally "taboo" subjects or serious problems with the human condition such as: physical and mental disabilities, mental illness, death, peer pressure, bigotry, abuse, divorce, terrorism, sibling rivalry, and loneliness (Tunnell, 2020).

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Since the 1920s children have been very interested in mysteries. This type of fiction, similar to humor, can reach a variety of audience members due to its likability (Tunnell, 2020).

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Books that make children laugh are often very popular. Humorous books can appeal to and reach a large audience, and tend to be shorter and more accessible (Tunnell, 2020).

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Fictional stories that center around a human/animal relationship have been popular stories throughout history. Children tend to feel very connected to animals so they relate to these stories (Tunnell, 2020).

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This style of historical fiction creates a "What if?" situation about some event in history. This type of story "accentuates the tenuous turning points that could have easily changed the course of events" (Tunnell, 2020, p. 181).

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In this type of historical fiction, the protagonist travels back in time (Tunnell, 2020).

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Author's Life Chronicles in Fictional Format

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Author's Life Chronicles in Fictional Format

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This type of historical fiction recount episodes from their own lives, but fictionalize the account by using different names, characters, and fabricating events or facts (Tunnell, 2020).

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Historical Fiction with Passage of Time 

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Historical Fiction with Passage of Time 

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This kind of historical fiction are initially published as a contemporary novel, but remain significant texts over time (Tunnell, 2020)

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A story of historical events happening before the life of the author. Most historical fiction are these types of stories. Because the events of the story happened before the life of the author, the author relies completely on historical research rather than personal experience (Tunnell 2020).

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Texts that contain a collection of information on several topics. Examples include encyclopedias, dictionaries, and atlases.

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Text that presents information in a fun and engaging way using moving parts of the book and/or built in plastic models (Tunnell, 2020).

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Photo essays employ photos in a journalistic fashion to capture emotion and to verify information. Photos accompany text on almost every page (Tunnell, 2020).

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Two of the most common kinds of nonfiction literature bases on a primary source. These types of text offer the reader direct information with out much author manipulation (Tunnell, 2020).

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Nonfiction literature that contains limited text but includes imaginative illustrations (Tunnell, 2020).

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Prose is identified as anything that is not poetry (Tunnell, 2020).

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Poetry is not easily definable but it is most easily identified as being "not" prose. Some types of poetry include: haiku, sonnet, couplet, limerick, narrative, cinquain, and free verse (Tunnnell, 2020).

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Typically the first kind of informational book a child sees. A simplified picture book that presents basic knowledge about one topic in an easy to understand way (Tunnell, 2020).

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Books that engage and invite the reader with a specific activity beyond reading (Tunnell, 2020).

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Similar to informational chapter books but contain more illustrations. Helps increase understanding (Tunnell, 2020).

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Introduce or explain one subject in a traditional chapter book format. All topics can be in chapter books (Tunnell, 2020).

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Biographies that rely on photos or illustrations to express most of the information (Tunnell, 2020).

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Collective biographies contain a number of short biographical pieces about subjects with a commonality. Some collective biographies feature popular current personalities (Tunnell, 2020).

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More focused than complete biographies. These biographies cover only a segment of the subject's life. Different from a memoir because memoirs are a form of autobiography (Tunnell 2020).

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Can range from simple picture book to lengthy chapter book. Covers the entire span of the life of a subject (Tunnell, 2020).

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Intended for newly independent readers, these can be picture books or chapter books with several illustrations, however, they emphasize text (Tunnell, 2020).

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Usually intended for very young readers. Short text with several illustrations. Provide an overview of the highlights of a subject's life (Tunnell, 2020).

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An autobiography is an account of the person's life up to a certain point. A memoir focuses on one specific snapshot or portion of a person's life (Tunnell, 2020.)

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Traditional narrative of a people, often based on historical truth. Characters are historical figures with fictionalized accomplishments. Told as fact (Tunnell, 2020).

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Symbolic stories created by ancient people to explain the world. Characters are deities and others endowed with supernatural powers. Told as fact (Tunnell, 2020).

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Brief story that points clearly to a moral or lesson. Characters are often personified animals. Not told as fact (Tunnell, 2020).

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Exaggerated narrative of characters who perform impossible feats. Characters are "larger-than-life" or fictional people with superhuman strength. Not told as fact (Tunnell, 2020).

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Animal, fairy, or human tale passed down by word of mouth. Characters are flat. Not told as fact (Tunnell, 2020).

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A fictional story that takes place in today's world and society (Tunnell, 2020).

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Fictional story that happened previously. Historical fiction can be classified differently based on the age of the reader (Tunnell, 2020).

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Stories that deal with scientific possibilities. The otherworldly elements in science fiction stories are justified and explained by scientific/technological advancements (Tunnell, 2020).

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A fantasy story that has an identifiable author and originated in print. Modern fantasy has several categories or types of stories including: animal fantasy, toys and objects embued with life, tiny humans, peculiar characters and situations, imaginary worlds, magical powers, supernatural tales, time-warp fantasies, high fantasy, and expanded traditional tales (Tunnell, 2020).

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Folklore includes stories that have been passed down for years and years by word of mouth. Stories that do not have any known author and did not originate in print. Subjects and topics of these stories are of basic and universal human experiences, and may be specific to different cultures. (Tunnell, 2020).

Folklore includes simple characters that are archetypical with little character development. Folklore also includes simple and direct plots. Folklore is considered the "mother" of all literature.  (Tunnell, 2020).

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Stories that exist in our world exactly as we know it (Tunnell, 2020).

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Stories that include one or more element(s) that cannot/do not exist in our world exactly as we know it (Tunnell, 2020).

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Nonfiction text that provides information on a specific subject, topic, or idea (Tunnell, 2020).

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Biography tells the story or partial story of your (autobiography) or another person's life (Tunnell, 2020).

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Literature that is true, factual, and able to be verified. Reliable sources are well documented (Tunnell, 2020).

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Stories invented from imagination (Tunnell, 2020).