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In paragraph 21, King uses anaphora in a poetic way, to make a point, that the churchmen are in denial about the whole situation.

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"I have heard numerous religious leaders of the South call upon their worshippers to comply with a desegregation decision because it is the law, but I have longed to hear white ministers declare:  'Follow this decree because integration is morally right and the Negro is your brother.' In the midst of blatant injustices inflicted upon the Negro, I have watched white churchmen stand on the sideline and merely mouth pious irrelevancies and sanctimonious trivialities. In the midst of a mighty struggle to rid our nation of racial and economic injustice, I have heard so many ministers say, 'Those are social issues with which the Gospel has no real concern,' and I have watched so many churches commit themselves to a completely other-worldly religion which made a strange distinction between body and soul, the sacred and the secular" (21).

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Camryn Adams and Ivana Odonkor

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Upload an image or draw one yourself!

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In paragraph 6, King uses symbolism to help support his argument, he calmly relates back to Socrates because he provides a perfect example of civil disobedience.

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In paragraph 11, King uses repetition to emphasis the unjust things that most likely happen to people of color. This helps support his argument and the reason he uses movement.

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“You may well ask, “Why direct action? Why sit-ins, marches, etc.? Isn’t negotiation a better path?”  You are exactly right in your call for negotiation. Indeed, this is the purpose of direct action.  Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and establish such creative tension that a  community that has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. … Just as  Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from  the bondage of myths and half-truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective  appraisal, we must we see the need for nonviolent gadflies to create the kind of tension in society  that will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding and brotherhood” (6).

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"...when you have to concoct an answer for a five-year-old son who is asking in agonizing pathos: “Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?” when you take a cross country drive and find it necessary to sleep night after night in the uncomfortable corners of your automobile because no motel will accept you; when you are humiliated day in and day out by nagging signs reading “white” men and “colored” when your first name becomes “nigger” and your  middle name becomes “boy” (however old you are) and your last name becomes “John,” and when  your wife and mother are never given the respected title of “Mrs.” when you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are a Negro, living constantly at tip-toe stance, never quite  knowing what to expect next, and plagued with inner fears and outer resentments; when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of “nobodiness”—then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait. There comes a time when the cup of endurance runs over, and men are no longer  willing to be plunged into an abyss of injustice where they experience the bleakness of corroding  despair. I hope, sirs, you can understand our legitimate and unavoidable impatience" (11).

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In his letter King responds and acknowledges the criticism directed towards him by the Clergymen. He responds by giving the reason why he attended the Birmingham protest, to support the African American citizens and fight for justice. King expresses his thoughts and ideas into his letter, acknowledging his direct action plan. He also expresses his dissatisfaction towards white moderates because they disagree with his ideas and thoughts, which slows down the process of justice.