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Wealth of Nations :https://www.amazon.ca/Wealth-Nations-Adam-Smith/dp/1613829310/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=
Profit over People: https://www.amazon.ca/Profit-Over-People-Neoliberalism-Global/dp/1888363827
Communist Manifesto: https://www.amazon.com/Communist-Manifesto-Karl-Marx/dp/0717802418 (I honestly never thought I'd be reading this. I've never taken communism seriously but this was an interesting read)
Basic Economics: https://www.amazon.ca/Basic-Economics-3rd-Ed-Economy/dp/0465002609 (This is an older addition. I'm currently reading 5e)

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Libertarian Won't Agree with David On Basic Economics

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Have You Heard of Modern Monetary Theory?

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Communism is system where everything is owned by everyone, full stop. The system calls for group ownership overall industry, and means of production as well as the absence of money, social classes, and state. Here everything is net zero. No profits or losses, no upper, middle, or lower class, and no competition whatsoever. In this system a doctor and a cashier at McDonald's are equal in every aspect. On paper this is the absolute equality with no exceptions, however in practice it seems to constantly fail. The system relies on everyone having no desire to improve their lives, or to rise above others. Dictators and authoritarians often arise in countries that adopt this system (Stalin, the Kim family, the Castro family, etc...).

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If communism is a radical left ideology, then fascism is the radical right. This being said, like all radical groups, it completely misrepresents the majority of people that subscribe to it. Fascism is synonymous with nationalism. Where in communism the state belongs to the people, in fascism, the state IS the people. Another way of describing this is tribalism, meaning anyone who is not "one of us" or is "the other “is often seen as an enemy. Unless a country is able to completely sustain itself without its citizens wanting for anything, this system will ultimately hurt the economy. When you make yourself the sole being of importance, you alienate others and effectively remove yourself from the global market. Examples of fascist countries are the WWII Axis, China in 1932-1938, and Brazil 1937-1945.

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A rather popular political system as of late is populism. Populism is a system made to look after populace rather than certain individuals. Populism is special in that it can fit into nearly every other political system in one way or another. In capitalism, by helping companies and corporations increase profit, people working under them will feel the benefits of the companies improved state via increased wages and company benefits. Unfortunately higher earners often put these extra profits into savings accounts in order to increase their own wealth. This takes money out of the system and hurts economic growth. If we take it to the opposite extreme, in a socialist system, populism is seen in the strengthening of unions. However, if not properly regulated, this can lead to unions abusing their power in order to rob both companies and the very workers they are charged with helping.

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While libertarianism is a mix of many philosophical views, its core concept is rather simple, autonomy. En masse Libertarians want to remove all restrictions on individuals. Some want to eliminate all taxes, other wish to abolish capitalism. The main idea is to give individuals the freedom to govern themselves. In practice, this system will still lead to a certain hierarchy being set in place. Some people will produce a product that others want, and therefore will want to buy. As demand increases, this producer will need to hire employees to meet demand. However without some force to implement certain regulations on companies, it is likely that wage slavery and sweat shops will arise in order to maximize profits while still offering low prices to attract consumers.

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Gasp! Social? As in socialism?? No. well kind of, more like socialism's and capitalism's love child, and she looks a lot like daddy capitalism. Social democracy is a system that creates a welfare state that promotes capitalism. The social aspect is the promotion of social justice, equality, and protection of at risk people such as the poor, discriminated groups, the elderly, and the disabled. Does that sound familiar? It should because it’s a very common modern system. The most famous examples are the Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark), but other countries such as France, Canada, UK, Ireland and other western nations, though to a lesser degree. When implemented correctly, this system eliminates poverty, medical bankruptcy, and other problems facing the poor. This system can be taken advantage of, but when it is, it usually ends in either communism or fascism. This is because corporations work with the labourers and unions to come to a mutually beneficial contract. When corporations face too much regulation of government control, the public sector swallows all industry and falls into radical systems.

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To put it simply, conservatism is holding views that favor: privatization, free markets, deregulation, and enforcing a hierarchical system that favors private owners over workers and other lower level employees. This system creates very wealthy individuals and sends economies into a boom bust cycle. The economy will experience a short period where there is large economic growth, only to be followed by an economic crash. This is has been demonstrated by events like the great depression and great recession.