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https://quizlet.com/_4mjwad

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westernized author felt out of place in Morocco

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westernized author felt out of place in Morocco

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everyone was shorter compared to him

they wore white robes

women fully covered

women held no public jobs

pushing and shoving

no hygiene w/ food

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objects v. ways of thinking

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Culture and Taken-for-Granted Orientations to Life

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Culture and Taken-for-Granted Orientations to Life

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take own culture for granted --> assumptions of social life
until... CULTURE SHOCK

William Sumner & ethnocentrism
pos = in-group loyalties
neg = discrimination against those who are diff

moral imperative

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not judging a culture but trying to understand it

step away, observe, be intrigued -- attempt to refocus lens of perception so one can appreciate other ways of life

Robert Edgerton & Sick Societies
- drawing the line at when a culture truly is wrong

exploitation such as female circumcision

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symbolic culture (w/ symbols... duh) = nonmaterial culture

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symbolic culture (w/ symbols... duh) = nonmaterial culture

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messages w/o words that are linked to emotions

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gestures do not cross cultures

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most facial expressions
(learn them when you're a baby; learn them even if blind and deaf) aka innate!

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LANGUAGE ALLOWS CULTURE TO EXIST

all human groups have a language

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Language allows human experience to be cumulative

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Language allows human experience to be cumulative

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free people to move beyond immediate experiences

passed down knowledge/ideas.attitudes

past, present, future with ideas and feelings

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Language provides a social or shared past

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Language provides a social or shared past

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w/o words, few memories

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Language provides a social or shared future

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Language provides a social or shared future

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agree on time/date place

plan for future events

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words = experience
--> share experience when talking w/ others

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Language allows for shared, goal-directed behavior

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Language allows for shared, goal-directed behavior

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establish a purpose for getting together

blend individual activities into integrated sequence

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Language and Perception: The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

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Language and Perception: The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

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Sapir & Whorf

thought Hopi Indians didn't have past/future tense to their lang

hypothesis: language shapes way we think and perceive

Eviatar Zerubavel - no distinction between jam and jelly in his language until he realized they ARE different things w/ different names in america

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values = standards
norms = expectations
sanctions = approval
- pos and neg

moral holidays

Mardi Gras

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folkway --> more --> taboo

increasing intensity

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groups of people who occupy small corner in life that develop specialized way of communication

linked to occupations

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mainstream culture will ridicule, isolate them
opposes broader culture

counterculture is not same as subculture