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D'autres technologie - How To Date a Dead Thing

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D'autres technologie - How To Date a Dead Thing

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Une vidéo de SciShow

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D'autres technologies - How Atom Bombs Can Uncover Forged Art

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D'autres technologies - How Atom Bombs Can Uncover Forged Art

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Une vidéo de It's Okay To Be Smart

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Un site web du Center for Nuclear Science and Technology Information

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Agricultural Applications

Political Stability and Food Security
There is perhaps nothing more fundamental to human survival than political stability and food security.

Our struggle today and in the future is that population numbers have exploded within the past century, with billions of more mouths to feed.

Around 805 million humans on earth (approximately 1 out of 9) go to bed hungry every night.

About 21,000 people die every day of hunger or hunger-related causes, according to the United Nations. This is one person every four seconds.

With as much as 25 - 30% of the world's food production being lost to insects, bacteria and rodents after harvesting, there is an enormous need to find new ways to increase food production and deliver it with minimum spoilage.

Nuclear technology uses radiation to improve the productivity of the entire food chain in a substantial manner.

Here are just a few examples:
Water Use and Soil Management

Neutron meters improve irrigation practices that help conserve water and protect vulnerable land.

Tagging fertilizers with radioisotopes can determine how plants are using nutrients.

Nuclear techniques help increase crops yields and help determine which plants to grow in areas with less available water.

Selective breeding creates disease resistance plants with greater nutritional value.

Pest Control

Sterile insect technique (SIT) uses gamma radiation to sterilize large populations of insects.

The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) and tsetse fly have been successful controlled using this method.

Animal Health and Productivity

Radioisotope tracers are used to follow the path of the food in animals' digestive systems and helps determine the nutritional value of the feed.

Radiation techniques can diagnose harmful pathogens in animals early so we can vaccinate them and eliminate the wide spread of diseases.

Food Safety

Irradiation uses kills bacteria, molds, and parasites in our food.

Irradiated food can be stored for an extended period without refrigeration, which increases their availability in underdeveloped countries.

Using lower does of ionizing radiation can lengthen the refrigerated life of fresh fish and chicken for several weeks. Strawberries treated this way can last for about 30 days. Sealed, treated foods can stay on your shelf at room temperature for years, like canned foods.

DID YOU KNOW?
Irradiation does not make food radioactive, and irradiated foods look and taste just like the fresh, raw food.
Here are some of the ways food irradiation is used in the U.S.:

Food for astronauts on space missions

Meals for open-heart hospital patients

In school cafeterias

Meals on international flights

Additional Resources:
University of Wisconsin Food Irradiation Education Group, "Food Irradiation Means Safer Food"

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), " Food Facts: Food Irradiation"

IAEA, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme, " Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture "

IAEA, " Improving Productivity in Agriculture"

Read more about nuclear applications

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Political Stability and Food Security There is perhaps nothing more fundamental to human survival than political stability and food security. Our struggle today and in the future is that population numbers have exploded within the past century, with billions of more mouths to feed.

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Bombes nucléaires - How Would We Stop a Nuclear Missile

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Bombes nucléaires - How Would We Stop a Nuclear Missile

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Une vidéo de SciShow

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Bombes nucléaires - Salted Nukes - An Even More Dangerous Bomb

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Bombes nucléaires - Salted Nukes - An Even More Dangerous Bomb

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Une vidéo de SciShow

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Salted Nukes: An Even More Dangerous Bomb

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L'énergie nucléaire - Why Don't We Send Nuclear Waste Into the Sun

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L'énergie nucléaire - Why Don't We Send Nuclear Waste Into the Sun

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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Why Don't We Send Nuclear Waste To The Sun?

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L'énergie nucléaire - How Uranium Becomes Nuclear Fuel

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L'énergie nucléaire - How Uranium Becomes Nuclear Fuel

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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L'énergie nucléaire - Innovating to Zero!

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L'énergie nucléaire - Innovating to Zero!

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Une vidéo de TED Talks

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At TED2010, Bill Gates unveils his vision for the world's energy future, describing the need for "miracles" to avoid planetary catastrophe and explaining why he's backing a dramatically different type of nuclear reactor. The necessary goal? Zero carbon emissions globally by 2050.

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D'autres technologies - Why Do Geiger Counters Make That Clicking Sound

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D'autres technologies - Why Do Geiger Counters Make That Clicking Sound

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Une vidéo de SciShow

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Why Do Geiger Counters Make That Clicking Sound?

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Dangers du rayonnement - Do Cell Phones Cause Brain Tumors

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Dangers du rayonnement - Do Cell Phones Cause Brain Tumors

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Une vidéo de Veritasium

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Dangers du rayonnement - Space Is Dangerous! Just Look at What It Does to Astronauts' Brains

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Dangers du rayonnement - Space Is Dangerous! Just Look at What It Does to Astronauts' Brains

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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Space Is Dangerous! Just Look at What It Does to Astronauts’ Brains…

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Technologie Médicale - Radiation Therapy for Cancer

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Technologie Médicale - Radiation Therapy for Cancer

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Un site web du National Cancer Institute

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How Radiation Therapy Works Against Cancer

At high doses, radiation therapy kills cancer cells or slows their growth by damaging their DNA. Cancer cells whose DNA is damaged beyond repair stop dividing or die. When the damaged cells die, they are broken down and removed by the body.

Radiation therapy does not kill cancer cells right away. It takes days or weeks of treatment before DNA is damaged enough for cancer cells to die. Then, cancer cells keep dying for weeks or months after radiation therapy ends.

Types of Radiation Therapy

There are two main types of radiation therapy, external beam and internal.

The type of radiation therapy that you may have depends on many factors, including:

The type of cancer

The size of the tumor

The tumor's location in the body

How close the tumor is to normal tissues that are sensitive to radiation

Your general health and medical history

Whether you will have other types of cancer treatment

Other factors, such as your age and other medical conditions

External Beam Radiation Therapy
External beam radiation therapy comes from a machine that aims radiation at your cancer. The machine is large and may be noisy. It does not touch you, but can move around you, sending radiation to a part of your body from many directions.

External beam radiation therapy is a local treatment, which means it treats a specific part of your body. For example, if you have cancer in your lung, you will have radiation only to your chest, not to your whole body.
Learn more about external beam radiation therapy. Internal Radiation Therapy
Internal radiation therapy is a treatment in which a source of radiation is put inside your body. The radiation source can be solid or liquid.
Learn more about internal radiation therapy.

Why People with Cancer Receive Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is used to treat cancer and ease cancer symptoms.

When used to treat cancer, radiation therapy can cure cancer, prevent it from returning, or stop or slow its growth.

When treatments are used to ease symptoms, they are known as palliative treatments. External beam radiation may shrink tumors to treat pain and other problems caused by the tumor, such as trouble breathing or loss of bowel and bladder control. Pain from cancer that has spread to the bone can be treated with systemic radiation therapy drugs called radiopharmaceuticals.

Types of Cancer that Are Treated with Radiation Therapy

External beam radiation therapy is used to treat many types of cancer.

Internal radiation therapy is often used to treat cancers of the head and neck, breast, cervix, prostate, eye, and certain types of thyroid cancer.

How Radiation Is Used with Other Cancer Treatments

For some people, radiation may be the only treatment you need. But, most often, you will have radiation therapy with other cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Radiation therapy may be given before, during, or after these other treatments to improve the chances that treatment will work. The timing of when radiation therapy is given depends on the type of cancer being treated and whether the goal of radiation therapy is to treat the cancer or ease symptoms.

When radiation is combined with surgery, it can be given:

Before surgery, to shrink the size of the cancer so it can be removed by surgery and be less likely to return.

During surgery, so that it goes straight to the cancer without passing through the skin. Radiation therapy used this way is called intraoperative radiation. With this technique, doctors can more easily protect nearby normal tissues from radiation.

After surgery to kill any cancer cells that remain.

Lifetime Dose Limits

There is a limit to the amount of radiation an area of your body can safely receive over the course of your lifetime. Depending on how much radiation an area has already been treated with, you may not be able to have radiation therapy to that area a second time. But, if one area of the body has already received the safe lifetime dose of radiation, another area might still be treated if the distance between the two areas is large enough.

Radiation Therapy Can Cause Side Effects

Radiation not only kills or slows the growth of cancer cells, it can also affect nearby healthy cells. Damage to healthy cells can cause side effects.
Learn more about the side effects of radiation therapy.

How Much Radiation Therapy Costs

Radiation therapy can be expensive. It uses complex machines and involves the services of many health care providers. The exact cost of your radiation therapy depends on the cost of health care where you live, what type of radiation therapy you get, and how many treatments you need.

Talk with your health insurance company about what services it will pay for. Most insurance plans pay for radiation therapy. To learn more, talk with the business office at the clinic or hospital where you go for treatment. If you need financial assistance, there are organizations that may be able to help. To find such organizations, go to the National Cancer Institute database, Organizations that Offer Support Services and search for "financial assistance." Or call toll-free 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) to ask for information on organizations that may help.

Special Diet Needs

Radiation can cause side effects that make it hard to eat, such as nausea, mouth sores, and throat problems called esophagitis. Since your body uses a lot of energy to heal during radiation therapy, it is important that you eat enough calories and protein to maintain your weight during treatment.

If you are having trouble eating and maintaining your weight, talk to your doctor or nurse. You might also find it helpful to speak with a dietitian. For more information about coping with eating problems see the booklet Eating Hints or read more about side effects.

Working During Radiation Therapy

Some people are able to work full-time during radiation therapy. Others can work only part-time or not at all. How much you are able to work depends on how you feel. Ask your doctor or nurse what you may expect from the treatment you will have.

You are likely to feel well enough to work when you first start your radiation treatments. As time goes on, do not be surprised if you are more tired, have less energy, or feel weak. Once you have finished treatment, it may take just a few weeks for you to feel better-or it could take months.

You may get to a point during your radiation therapy when you feel too sick to work. Talk with your employer to find out if you can go on medical leave. Check that your health insurance will pay for treatment while you are on medical leave.

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At high doses, radiation therapy kills cancer cells or slows their growth by damaging their DNA. Cancer cells whose DNA is damaged beyond repair stop dividing or die. When the damaged cells die, they are broken down and removed by the body. Radiation therapy does not kill cancer cells right away.

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Danges du rayonnement - A New Source of Fukushima Radiation Was Just Found, Now What?

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Danges du rayonnement - A New Source of Fukushima Radiation Was Just Found, Now What?

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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A New Source of Fukushima Radiation Was Just Found, Now What?

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Dangers du rayonnement - Fukushima Radiation - What You've Heard Are Lies!

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Dangers du rayonnement - Fukushima Radiation - What You've Heard Are Lies!

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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Fukushima Radiation: What You've Heard are LIES!

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L'énergie nucléaire - The New Solution TO Our Nuclear Waste Problem

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L'énergie nucléaire - The New Solution TO Our Nuclear Waste Problem

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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Public Limited Company for Radioactive Waste Management

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Glass Offers Improved Means of Storing Nuclear Waste

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Nuclear Power Needed To Slow Climate Change

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The New Solution To Our Nuclear Waste Problem

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According to some scientists, we must begin using more nuclear power in order to prevent global warming from accelerating. But that creates a huge nuclear waste problem. But scientists at the University of Sheffield think they might have found a very unique way of handing it that could make nuclear waste a problem of the past.

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Bombes nucléaires - U.S. Nuclear Missiles Are Still Controlled by Floppy Disks

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Bombes nucléaires - U.S. Nuclear Missiles Are Still Controlled by Floppy Disks

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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U.S. Nuclear Missiles Are Still Controlled By Floppy Disks

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Dangers du rayonnement - The Most Radioactive Places on Earth

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Dangers du rayonnement - The Most Radioactive Places on Earth

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Une vidéo de Veritasium

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Dangers du rayonnement - Chernobyl's Massive Radiation Shield is Preventing Nuclear Fallout

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Dangers du rayonnement - Chernobyl's Massive Radiation Shield is Preventing Nuclear Fallout

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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Chernobyl's Massive Radiation Shield Is Preventing Nuclear Fallout

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Dangers du rayonnement - What Does Radiation Poisoning Do to Your Body

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Dangers du rayonnement - What Does Radiation Poisoning Do to Your Body

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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What Does Radiation Poisoning Do to Your Body?

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Bombes nucléaires - How to Survive a Nuclear Attack

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Bombes nucléaires - How to Survive a Nuclear Attack

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Une vidéo de SciShow

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L'énergie nucléaire - The Future of Clean Nuclear Energy

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L'énergie nucléaire - The Future of Clean Nuclear Energy

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Une vidéode Seeker

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The Future Of Clean Nuclear Energy Is Coming

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L'énergie nucléaire - Where Do We Store Nuclear Waste

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L'énergie nucléaire - Where Do We Store Nuclear Waste

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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Bombes nucléaires - How Do We Detect Secret Nuclear Tests

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Bombes nucléaires - How Do We Detect Secret Nuclear Tests

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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Bombes nucléaires - What Does Nuclear Fallout Do to Your Body

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Bombes nucléaires - What Does Nuclear Fallout Do to Your Body

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Une vidéo de Seeker

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What Does Nuclear Fallout Do To Your Body?

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Technologie médicale - How X-rays see through your skin

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Technologie médicale - How X-rays see through your skin

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Une vidéo de TED-Ed

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How X-rays see through your skin - Ge Wang

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Un site web de howstuffworks

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X-ray machines seem to do the impossible: They see straight through clothing, flesh and even metal, thanks to some very cool scientific principles at work. Find out how X-ray machines see straight to your bones.

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Un site web de howstuffworks.

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Dr. Raymond Damadian, a physician and scientist, toiled for years trying to produce a machine that could noninvasively scan the body with the use of magnets. Along with some graduate students, he constructed a superconducting magnet and fashioned a coil of antenna wires. Since no one wanted to be the first one in this contraption, Damadian volunteered to be the first patient.

When he climbed in, however, nothing happened. Damadian was looking at years wasted on a failed invention, but one of his colleagues bravely suggested that he might be too big for the machine. A svelte graduate student volunteered to give it a try, and on July 3, 1977, the first MRI exam was performed on a human being. It took almost five hours to produce one image, and that original machine, named the "Indomitable," is now owned by the Smithsonian Institution.

In just a few decades, the use of magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scanners has grown tremendously. Doctors may order MRI scans to help diagnose multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, torn ligaments, tendonitis, cancer and strokes, to name just a few. An MRI scan is the best way to see inside the human body without cutting it open.

That may be little comfort to you when you're getting ready for an MRI exam. You're stripped of your jewelry and credit cards and asked detailed questions about all the metallic instruments you might have inside of you. You're put on a tiny slab and pushed into a hole that hardly seems large enough for a person. You're subjected to loud noises, and you have to lie perfectly still, or they're going to do this to you all over again. And with each minute, you can't help but wonder what's happening to your body while it's in this machine. Could it really be that this ordeal is truly better than another imaging technique, such as an X-ray or a CAT scan? What has Raymond Damadian wrought?

Let the magnets of this mighty machine draw you to the next page, and we'll take a look at what's going on inside.

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An MRI scan is the best way to see inside the human body without cutting it open, but that may be little comfort to you when you're getting ready for the exam. Lying perfectly still on a tiny slab in a narrow hole, you might wonder what's happening to your body.

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Un site web du United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission

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Bombes nucléaire - Hydrogen Bomb vs. Atomic Bomb, What's the Difference?

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Bombes nucléaire - Hydrogen Bomb vs. Atomic Bomb, What's the Difference?

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Une vidéo de Seeker.

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Hydrogen Bomb vs. Atomic Bomb: What’s The Difference?

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Bombes nucléaires - The Manhattan Project

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Bombes nucléaires - The Manhattan Project

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Une vidéo de SciShow

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La feuille de Une application des radio-isotopes.docx