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-equality
everyone should be equal
-no private property
NO TRESPASSING! IS GONE
-everyone has what they need.

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Government and control/regulation

-helping people
-prisons
-healthcare for elders and poor people
-public schoo

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Adam Smith was mainly credited with the idea of Capitalism because of his book, "The Wealth of Nations."
A German philosopher named Karl Marx was the co-writer of the Communist Manifesto.
Capitalism Points:

Free Trade specialization

self-interest

Explaining free trade: if someone wants to buy milk for $3 and is getting charged for $6 that person can still go somewhere else so he can get the price he wants + he can trade.

Explaining self-intrest: your doing something your good
at ...

There are revolutions of capitalism and socialism over time. Like for example now they have machines and things to make burgers and other foods than before.

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Cubans were wanting to go independent so they tried to fight spain for independence and they failed multiple times.
1895, they tried their last time to fight Spain, America heard about this and wanted to get into the action. They sent ships to cuba to help Cuba get their independence. One of the ships sunk and when it sunk the president thought they had to go to war just because they sunk their ship. In april 1898 the war broke out and America won to Spain. Then they took control of Puerto Rico, Guantanamo Bay, and the philippines. Also America now is able to "help" Cuba when they need.
Politic cartoon (down below)
It is trying to say they are climbing up rocks that say words that the white men thought the others did like ignorance and cannibalism and climbed up the mountains to "civilization"

Back to the notes

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Spain had control of...

Puerto Rico

Phillipines

Cuba

In the 19th century

Cuba continues to try to gain independence in the 1870's and in 1895 they made a final attempt.
USS Maine sunk trying to help Cuba to gain territory.
Pres. McKinley said we need to go to war.
In April 1898, Spain and America went to war and America won.
The U.S can "assist" Cuba when necessary.
In the cartoon they show the white men "carrying" the "savages" to civilization over oppression and ignorance.
In one of the pictures they wash away the cultures of the people and baptizing.

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President Wilson make 14 points and wanted to prevent war so he created the league of nations. There was 43 nations joined and U.S. was not one of them. They voted to keep America out even though Wilson did not want to. They would sit down and talk about their problems but soon they would start disobeying the president Wilson and started leaving. Shortly afterwards WW2 came. They failed with their number 1 missions but that did create the United Nations.

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-against ethiopia and italy
-it is part of the scramble of Africa
- Ethiopia defeated italy in the battle
FROM THE WORLD HISTORY TEXTBOOK
"“Only the African nation of Ethiopia was able to retain its independence by matching European firepower. In 1889 the emperor of Ethiopia, Menelik II, undertook a program of modernization that included a modern Army.

In 1895, Italian forces invaded Ethiopia over a treaty dispute. Within a year, however, Menelik’s forces – more numerous and better armed than the Italians – defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adwa.” (p.760)"

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Battle of Ethiopia questions based on different txtbooks

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Battle of Ethiopia questions based on different txtbooks

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Document A: American Textbook

Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance

Ethiopia was the only African nation that successfully resisted the Europeans. Its victory was due to one man – Menelik II. He became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889. He successfully played Italians, French, and British against each other, all of whom were striving to bring Ethiopia into their spheres of influence. In the meantime, he built up a large arsenal of modern weapons purchased from France and Russia. In 1889, shortly after Menelik had signed a treaty with Italy, he discovered differences between the wording of the treaty in the Ethiopian language and in Italian. Menelik believed he was giving up only a tiny portion of Ethiopia. However, the Italians claimed all of Ethiopia as a protectorate. Meanwhile, the Italian forces were advancing into northern Ethiopia. Menelik declared war. In 1896, in one

of the greatest battles in the history of Africa – the Battle of Adwa – Ethiopian forces successfully defeated the Italians and kept their nation independent. After the battle, Menelik continued to stockpile rifles and other modern weapons in case another foreign power challenged Ethiopia’s liberty.

Source: Beck, R. B., Black, L., Krieger, L.S., Naylor, P.C., Shabaka, D.I. (2006) Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction. McDougal Littell. p. 349.

QUESTIONS:
Questions

American Textbook

1. Who, according to this textbook, was most responsible for the Ethiopian victory?

Menelik the 2nd was responsible for the victory.

2. What event led to the battle?

The italians claimed all of ethiopia as a protectorate and start to invade the North and Menelik retaliated.

3. Who, according to this account, started the war?

Italy started the war, they gathered up their weapons and prepared for a fight in Northern Ethiopia.

4. Why, according to this account, did Ethiopia win the battle?

Ethiopia had more advanced and modern weapons to fight with.

5. How is this account similar to and different from the first textbook account?

Some similarities are that they both agreed that Ethiopia got their independence by fighting with firearms in the war against Italy. They both agreed that Menelik the 2nd had an modern army and modern weapons. A difference is one is more detailed than another and another difference is one of the textbooks gave credit to Menelik instead of Ethiopia as a whole.

*by the other textbook it is referring to the book on the board

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Where people "Scramble" in Africa to try to take over parts of Africa.

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White supremacy is a justification for why they dominate so many different countries.
They sliced Africa like a piece of cake; France gets a  slice, Britain, Germany etc.
The real reason why White men were dominant because they had more advance weapons such as the maxim gun.
Leopold the 2nd conquered the Congo which is basically the worst country in Africa.

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In 1889 the emperor of of Ethiopia, Menelik the 2nd created a modern army (guns)
Menelik's army was better armed than the Italians.

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The video the passage is based upon is on the side, also the recording of this passage is below
--•--•--•--•--•--•--•--•--•-
-This is a time period between 188--1914
-many countries were ruled in this time in the european region
-It is known as the New Imperialism era

-New imperialism is an  "Extending a country's power and influence over other lands, through diplomacy or force."
-Nothing made Imperialism new it was already an idea but the fact that countries are taking over and dividing makes it new. Now countries wanted direct control.
WHY NOW?
-The countries wanted control for money. (economic Countries like Europe and U.S.A need raw materials like oils and they would have to sell them and then they would make new goods and take over the land then sell it to the land.
-This started to make steamships and railroads more efficient, they also created medicine and make new guns (machine gun)
-They also wanted to take over countries for nationalism
-It was making competition more intense in Europe.
-People thought they needed countries to do this.
-This also came with racism, White powers thought they were higher and more important than others.
-There was a theory of Charles Darwin "where some variations are suited to the environment and than others..."
Scramble for Africa
-on the left you see a few of the beginner colonie, some kingdoms and tribal groups in Africa.
-They had a few colonies all controlled in a variety of countries.
-Then if u look on the right the more recent one there are more spaces where Africa is conquered by europe and there are more divisions.
Berlin Conference (1884-5)
-in the beginning only 10% of Africa was controlled by Europe.
-They thought it would be better if they didn't allow the sell of alcohol and guns. They were also suggesting to end slavery in Africa. But, they didn't really follow through. Just saying no one from Africa was at this conference.
-Now the more recent side almost 90% of Africa was controlled by the European.

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recording of the passage below
--•--•--•--•--•--•--•--•--•-
info about the poem itself:

-Rudyard Kipling wrote this poem.
-This poem was written in 1899.
-The intended audience was America.
The definition of the white man's burden (according to the author):
According to the Author, the white man’s burden is a role of where white men were called to “train” the colored people into good kids so they can get “educated.” What the white men had to do was considered a burden because there award would be hate, crying, and sadness.
How the political cartoon challenges the definition above.
The political cartoon challenges this idea because you can see colored people from Africa and the Philippines carrying the representant of America (Uncle Sam.) So, that argues that the real people who were carrying the burden was the colored people. The white men were not doing any work.

recording of the passage:

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United states 1880-1940

Link to video below:

Inventions

Electricity

Lightbulb

Telephone

Light 24 hrs a day

Power things like factories

Assembly Line

Passing the work to the next person

Increasing speed

And productivity

World economy

Europe two economic worlds

Northern and western Advancing in industry

Eastern and Southern Europe not much Advancement

The Wealth Of Nations (Adam Smith’s)

ECONOMY

Smith wanted to answer questions

Selling goods

FREEDOM

More freedom the better

Europe wanted money

One country's gain another's loss

Stamp act, tea act, all the acts

Wealth and Labor

Wealth and Labor should connect.

Invisible hand (no “hand” sets the prices) the buyer and seller determines the price

Division of Labor (concentrate on things you are good at)

Free Trade

WIN-WIN

Important terms

Import

Export

Goods

Services

Self-Interest

Invisible Hand

Free Trade

Laissez-Faire (french term) means: Hands off idea that the government shouldn’t be involved in the economy.

CAPITALISM

Working conditions

Child labor

Unclean

Disease

Long house

Bad wages

Water and sewage

Trash

Apartments

14 hr days

unhappiness

Unhappiness

Mainly white middle class people want to help poor people and workers. A bunch were women

Muckrakers- like a gossip

Photographs

Upton Sinclair

SETTLEMENT HOUSES
- places to educate

Taught english, child care

THE COMMUNIST MANIFEsTO

1848

Conflict - Revolution

Oppressed people doing work but not getting any of the credit

SOCIALIST PARTY

Making laws to improve things

COMMUNISM

All people are equal

NO PRIVATE PROPERTY

SOCIALISM
- housing/healthcare

Government should sorta be in control in some things

Some private property

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Scramble for Africa picture. 2nd passage 

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Scramble for Africa picture. 2nd passage 