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The state of Connecticut had a law stating "any person who uses any drug, medicinal article or instrument for the purposes of preventing conception shall be fined not less than forty dollars or imprisoned not less than sixty days."

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Estelle Griswold, the executive director of Planned Parenthood and Dr. C. Lee Buxton, doctor/professor at Yale Medical School were found guilty of providing contraception and fined $100 each.

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Griswold and Buxton appealed to the Supreme Court of Errors of Connecticut, saying that the law violated the Constitution. They claimed it vent against the Fourteenth Amendment and a person's right to privacy.

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The Connecticut court upheld the conviction, so Griswold and Buxton took the case to the Supreme Court.

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The Supreme Court upheld that the law violated a married couple's right to privacy in a
7-2 ruling.

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Judges agreed that said law went against the 'spirit' of the First Amendment (free speech), Third Amendment (prohibition on the forced quartering of troops), Fourth Amendment (freedom from searches and seizures), Fifth Amendment (freedom from self-incrimination), and Ninth Amendment (other rights),

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The opposing judge, Justice Arthur Goldberg, argued that there was no reason to use the Ninth Amendment as verification of a right being stripped by the law. He stated that the Amendment did not entail the specifics of the 'rights' of married couples', therefore there was no concrete reasoning behind its use in defending the Supreme Court's ruling.

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Justice John Marshall Harlan argued that the fundamental right to marital privacy only existed through the eyes and hand of society- and therefore there was nothing in the Constitution that protected a married couple's privacy.

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From that point and over the next ten years, the Supreme Court expanded on the right to privacy, going as far as to lift the ban on contraceptives and most abortion.

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With the fear of fines and jail time lifted, it was now much safer for women to access contraceptives and abortions, leading to a drop in related deaths.

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The Supreme Court . Expanding Civil Rights . Landmark Cases . Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) | PBS