# data[].attributes.body
1     Everyone should learn more about psychology.

2     There are four stages of phobias:

a.    Particular situations

b.    Natural environment

c.    Injury or blood

d.    Animals and insects

3     There are seven factors of the likelihood of helping:

a.    The “feel good, do good” effect

b.    Feeling guilty

c.    Seeing others who are willing to help

d.    Perceiving the other person as deserving help

e.    Knowing how to hep

f.     A personalized relationship

g.    A dangerous situation

4     In order to expand the 20-second short-term memory span the maintenance rehearsal is the mental and verbal recurrence of information.

5     Finding out that Chunking means grouping items that are alike in your short-term memory to help make them a single unit.

6     Knowing that 7% of people have major depressive disorders.

7     Another, type of bipolar disorder is called cyclothymic disorder

8     I always knew there were different disorders, but never realized how many there really were.

9     Most people that have major depressive disorder have multiple suicidal thoughts. About 10% of people who have major depression disorder have tried to commit suicide.

10  You can relapse in two years if you have major depressive disorder without getting help or taking medication for it.

Thank you so much for this semester. There is so much I have learned and I really enjoyed taking this class. This class is just what I needed to help me with learning more about how the human brain works when it comes to thinking and emotions. This is going to help the profession I want once I am finished with school. Again, thank you so much!!! T. Liberty

# data[].attributes.body
1     Everyone should learn more about psychology.

2     There are four stages of phobias:

a.    Particular situations

b.    Natural environment

c.    Injury or blood

d.    Animals and insects

3     There are seven factors of the likelihood of helping:

a.    The “feel good, do good” effect

b.    Feeling guilty

c.    Seeing others who are willing to help

d.    Perceiving the other person as deserving help

e.    Knowing how to hep

f.     A personalized relationship

g.    A dangerous situation

4     In order to expand the 20-second short-term memory span the maintenance rehearsal is the mental and verbal recurrence of information.

5     Finding out that Chunking means grouping items that are alike in your short-term memory to help make them a single unit.

6     Knowing that 7% of people have major depressive disorders.

7     Another, type of bipolar disorder is called cyclothymic disorder

8     I always knew there were different disorders, but never realized how many there really were.

9     Most people that have major depressive disorder have multiple suicidal thoughts. About 10% of people who have major depression disorder have tried to commit suicide.

10  You can relapse in two years if you have major depressive disorder without getting help or taking medication for it.

Thank you so much for this semester. There is so much I have learned and I really enjoyed taking this class. This class is just what I needed to help me with learning more about how the human brain works when it comes to thinking and emotions. This is going to help the profession I want once I am finished with school. Again, thank you so much!!!

# data[].attributes.body
4. The Ebbinghaus curve shows that if you do not rehearse information, it is easily forgotten.
5. Memories need to be encoded in a way the brain can make sense of before getting stored, so you can retrieve them later.
6. Bidet was a pioneer in testing intelligence and tested memory, attention, similarity and differences. He developed these tests to help children who have learning difficulties.
7. Woodworth and Hull believed drives are triggered by homeostatis, so when we are hungry or thirsty we eat or drink.
8. Freud developed free association and believed that it might uncover unconscious repressed memories.
9. When looking at disorders, it is best to use a biopsychosocial approach, comprised of biological, psychological and social factors.
10 Sometimes the client transfers thoughts and feelings about a person in their life to the psychoanalyst (called transference).

Thank you for teaching this semester! I enjoyed reading discussion board posts.

I highly recommend psychology courses to students.

I hope to use my knowledge of psychology to help future clients.

# data[].attributes.body
1. The superchiasmatic nucleus helps with the sleep-wake cycle. The SCN helps regulate production of melatonin, which helps make you sleepy.
2. There are 4 stages of NREM sleep before REM sleep. Dreams usually occur during REM sleep.              3. Observational learning occurs by watching others and copying their actions.

# data[].attributes.body
Brogan Carson                                                                                                                                                            My final takeaways are pretty straight foreword.

1.Everyone in the world should take a psychology class

2.Connection seems to be the antidote to most negatives of the human condition.

3. Thanks to Carl Rogers, I will aim to be as genuine as possible and offer people as much unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding as I can.

Thanks Professor and everyone for contributing to a semester of growth and learning for me!

# data[].attributes.body
My final takeaways are pretty straight foreword.

# data[].attributes.body
Karen Joyce

I took away a lot from this class, however, one of the most recent things I read was, "The "feel good, do good effect." People who feel good, successful, happy, or fortunate are more likely to help others." I think this is important for all of us to remember; doing good, feels good.

I really enjoyed most of the readings in this class.  It's so important for us to really consider what goes into to one's behaviors and personality.  If we don't get along with someone or think that they are mean or cocky, or someone is overly nice or passive, someone's to cocky, etc., what if we actually thought about why they are the way they are?

Something a past supervisor use to say to us constantly was, "you never know what is happening in someone's life".  This speaks volumes to me and everything in this class has made me think more about this statement.  We never really know what is happening in someone's life or mind.  Through our own behaviors and personalities, we can ultimately effect others.  This is what I want to focus on.

# data[].attributes.body
1.  Psychology not only has different specialties such as Forensic Psychology and Health Psychology, there are also perspectives in which a study is approached such as behavioral perspective, humanistic perspective and cognitive perspective.

2.  The research method Naturalistic Observation is also known as the science of people and animal watching.  This method records observations in their natural environment enabling the researcher to detect patterns in behavior that they may not see in a laboratory setting.

3.  Pseudoscience or “fake science” is the practice of claiming something works in a scientific way however there is little to no evidence that it actually works.  Often used to sell something to the general public such as magnet therapy.

4.  The Hypothalamus is a peanut sized part of the brain involved in tasks such as regulating the autonomic nervous system, heart rate, blood pressure and connecting the brain to the endocrine system to regulate hunger, thirst and sleep.  Because it is involved with so much it is also called the “brain within the brain”.

5.  Within the Hypothalamus are a tiny group of neurons called the Suprachiasmatic nucleus also known as our body’s clock or internal pacemaker.  The suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates our circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle.

6.  Amygdala plays an important role in our emotions and memories as well as producing behaviors based on the emotions.

7.  Health psychology studies how our overall health and how we respond to treatments are influenced by things like biology and behavior.

8.  Everyone has their own way of handling stress.  There are individual factors that influence that response such as psychological factors, personal control, negative emotions, positive emotions and if you see things through the eyes of optimism or pessimism.

9.  Types of therapies can combine to provide a new treatment option such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy as well as Mindfulness-Based Therapies that involve group discussions, meditation, yoga and mindfulness.

10.  Many cultures involve meditation practices such as Tai Chi to aid in focusing attention and awareness. But what makes it even more amazing is that there are MRI scans showing thicker cortical areas and increased gray-matter density with those who meditate,  improving memory, emotions and awareness.  This is all in addition to helping reduce stress and lower blood pressure.

Tracy Young

# data[].attributes.body
1. The realistic yet unusual dreams that occur right before sleep are called hypnagogic hallucinations.
2. There are 4 stages of NREM sleep before REM sleep and they all last different amount of times.
3. Hypnosis can enhance self confidence and concentration. Those who are hypnotized are still aware of their conversations, where they are, and what they are doing.
4. Sensory memory lasts 1/4 second to 3 seconds, short term memory lasts around 20 seconds, and long term memory can be permanent.
5. A tip-of-the-tongue experience (TOT experience) is when you know information is stored in your memory, but your brain cannot retrieve it. By knowing bits and pieces of information about the memory, the brain can connect the information and most of the time the TOT experience can be resolved.
6. Alfred Binet developed procedures to help identify children in need of special help in school. These procedures became the basis for modern intelligence tests.
7. The facial feedback hypothesis states that when a person is expressing a specific emotion, the person begins to feel the emotion as well. This is because the muscles in the face send signals to the brain.
8. There are many coping strategies when it comes to stress. Social support is one coping strategy that has been shown to benefit health.
9. Post-traumatic stress disorder can develop after any type of trauma.
10. There are many branches of psychology!                                                                                                          -Cassie Threlfall

# data[].attributes.body
1) Neuroscience & Behavior: The fact that the all parts of the brain have to work together for simple tasks that to us seem simple such as breathing, or laughing.
2) Perception is formulated from sensation.
3) REM is not a constant state; people fall in and out of 90 minute REM states throughout the night.
4) Methamphetamines don't just create a high, they actually damage the brain by creating tissue loss in areas of the brain that control emotion and memory!
5) Positive and Negative reinforcement are ways of teaching that we do without knowing we actually do them. Telling someone they did a good job and encouraging them because you're being nice is actually positive reinforcement!
6) Chunking is a term that people use everyday to remember things, another vocab word that people use regularly without knowing it has a word for it! Now when I tell people I remembered something, I can tell them I chunked it!
7) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs gave a great picture to understanding of daily life. When basic needs are met, they psychological needs are available to be met, when those are met then a person can work on self and feel motivated and confident with themselves. If anyone of the needs are not met the person is not complete and longs for that need.
8) Borderline Personality Disorder is the most suicidal disorder.
9) There are meaningful ways we initially judge people sub and unconciouslly;  Implicit cognition,       Implicit personality theory. I just thought we "judged" people, but theres meaning behind judging someone.
10) Different therapies are available to help with different mental health issues; each hits on a different way of treatment such as EMDR which helps the client move through the trauma while being focused on a moving finger!

# data[].attributes.body
Tracy I LOVED the puppy video.  A great example of learning, and I loved how the puppy got his toy at the bottom of the stairs!  Super reinforcement!  Thanks for sharing.

# data[].attributes.body
B. Melanson

My professional trajectory is to become a Child Advocate. One topic I found interesting that correlated with my professional path was the discussion about gender development. It is clear that developmentally, children are wired from birth, an addition to gender labels, to determine their born gender. Our book discusses how over childhood years gender becomes more definitive as boys will be boys and girls will be girls. In opposition, the book also discusses how transgender individuals are born "normal", male or female and conflict with their identity.
This topic stood out to me because if I go into Human Services, this may be a characteristic of some clients and to understand them better will help me better serve them in my line of work.

# data[].attributes.body
"Everyone carries between five and 50 genetic glitches that might predispose that person to a serious physical or mental illness" (Davies, 2001).

I have a genetic disorder called Chromosome Translocation where #3 and #5 have broken off and taken part of each other. With this, having a child was very difficult for me. I never knew much about genetic makeup or genetic glitches that result in physical or mental illnesses. While autism is not a mental illness, but a neurological disability, I feel my genetic "glitch" contributed to my son's autism.
A. Constant

# data[].attributes.body
Learning self-regulation is essential for child development and lifelong health. I have three young sons, one who is autistic. He stims to self regulate his body and emotions either by physical acts or by vocal acts.  Allison Constant

# data[].attributes.body
Allison Constant

# data[].attributes.body
Just wanted to share some observational learning. So cute.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Puppy Tries Stairs For First Time With Help From Dad | The Dodo

# data[].attributes.body
Isn't it amazing how much you learn to appreciate sleep after you have a child?

# data[].attributes.body
******B. Melanson******   As a new parent, I enjoyed reading about sleep and what lack of it does to you! What i found most interesting was the levels of melatonin being produced at what times and how external factors play a role in stopping production. So to make it personal, getting up for a 3am feed, being exposed to lights throws off my melatonin levels and thus makes it hard to go back to sleep because my body is lowering the melatonin level because it thinks I have been exposed to sunlight! Another take away was how instinctively when sleep deprived, the brain will swing into an emotional reaction state. "The sleep deprived brain will swing to both extremes, neither of which is optimal for making wise decisions (Hockenbury, Nolan, Hockenbury; 2016)." Thank goodness my child only gets up twice a night now!

# data[].attributes.body
CANCEL

upload

link

search_web

camera

more_horiz
POST

# data[].attributes.body
CANCEL

upload

link

search_web

camera

more_horiz
POST

# data[].attributes.body
This was an excellent explanation of Nature Vs Nurture Brogan!  Thanks for the resource.  I had never heard the term "exposome" before!

# data[].attributes.body
B.Carson                                                                                                                                                                                    The contemporary question is not if it's Nature vs Nurture, but how the two interact. How nurture changes and alters our nature is being shown to have profound implications on this age old question. I came across the term "Exposome" in writing my paper this week, I wanted to share with the class. It's defined as: The cumulative measure of environmental influences and associated biological responses throughout the lifespan, including exposures from the environment, diet, behavior,and endogenous process. (Miller & Jones 2014)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Miller G. W. Jones D.P. (2014) The Nature of Nurture: Redefining the Definition of the Exposome. Toxicological Science, 137(1):1-2.doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft251

# data[].attributes.body
B. Carson                                                                                                                                                                        It's not that consciousness is derived from unconscious things. It's that everything is consciousness. (Russell, n.d.) I have been giving this a lot of thought.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Russell, P. (n.d.) The Primacy Of Consciousness. Science Retrieved           From:https://topdocumentaryfilms.com/the-primacy-of-consciousness/

# data[].attributes.body
Tracy the Sheldon video is a riot! What a perfect example for conditioning!  Thanks for sharing!

# data[].attributes.body
E. Lapine

Something I found in the reading this week that was very interesting and I felt a connection with was the body’s clock. In chapter 4 it discusses how the clock is made up “of neurons called the suprachiasmatic nucleus”. (Hockenbury 2014) The suprachiasmatic nucleus helps time the sleep-wake cycle. Sunlight throughout the day helps balance our sleep-wake cycle. When the sun starts to go down the lack of sunlight causes the hormone in the brain, melatonin to crank up which makes you tired. Then before the sun comes up the hormone goes away letting yourself come out of the deep sleep and get ready to wake.

As a child I always had trouble sleeping at night, but I would be able to nap during the day. My parents could never just have go without a nap and sleep well at night. It was kind of like my brain could not shut off at night and I couldn’t get my favorite songs to stop playing in my head. Eventually my doctor had me take melatonin at night to help me sleep. This was great, and I never struggled with going to bed at night. Although I was able to fall asleep I often talk and walk in my sleep.

Hockenbury, Don H., and Sandra E. Hockenbury. Discovering Psychology. Sixth ed., Worth Publishers, 2014.

Brantz, Loryn. “18 Jokes About Not Being Able To Sleep That Are Too Real.” BuzzFeed, BuzzFeed, 22 Jan. 2017, www.buzzfeed.com/lorynbrantz/comics-only-people-who-cant-sleep-will-understa?utm_term=.eyoMrxkBOP#.gy01OGrXBo.

# data[].attributes.body
I have always been interested in Meditation.   Knowing  you can lower your blood pressure and stress levels while improving your mindfulness and emotions and all without medications why not try it.  I find it difficult to sit still long enough to really feel I have obtained any benefit from it.  However Tai chi is a moving meditation so I am thinking I will be trying that very soon.  I did find this interesting video of the physiology of Tai Chi..hope you enjoy it.

# data[].attributes.body
"Researchers in Scandinavia studying 45,000 pairs of twins concluded that cancer is largely caused by environmental rather than inherited factors." (Davies, 2001). I find this very interesting as I was always taught that cancer was caused by genetics. We have breast cancer in our family and it makes me wonder still if it's not genetic then what caused so many loved ones to get this diagnoses and lose their lives? T Liberty

# data[].attributes.body
Classical and Operant Condition is very useful.  I use it for my dogs training.  When I need her to be in her crate I will say "You know where to go"  she will run in and sit and wait for her treat.  I wonder if it can be used for weight loss.  With negative reinforcement is you feel sick when you eat something you should not but positive reinforcement when you feel good and energized which leads to even more positive when you see your weight drop.  I did enjoy this clip that was entertaining on operant conditioning and positive reinforcement.  Not a great example for weight loss ideas but fun regardless.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sheldon Shaping Penny in Big Bang Theory

# data[].attributes.body
Lucky Venus.  HMMMM..why did you think Venus  never learned the maze?

# data[].attributes.body
Great posts Cassie!  The video is a great example of conditioning.  How did you try to get hypnotized?  Has anyone else ever tried it?

# data[].attributes.body
In high school, my group tried to get Venus the lab rat to learn a maze. We were trying to use a Cheerio as a reward for successfully completing the maze. The Cheerio was placed in my hand at the exit. Venus was placed back in the maze as punishment for not learning it. She was regressing and didn't learn the cardboard maze. We tried a wooden maze, to no avail. Venus then became my loving pet and food connoisseur, eating spaghetti, cinnamon sticks, Heart-to-Heart and apple turnovers!

# data[].attributes.body
I also want to add that after reading about hypnosis I had my significant other attempt to hypnotize me! Unfortunately it didn't work. When I was in highschool we had a hypnotist visit and he hypnotized a few of my classmates. I didn't think it was real, but after reading this weeks content I'm curious to know more about hypnotherapy. -C.Threlfall

# data[].attributes.body
Hi everyone! This week I found the topic of the differences between classical and operant conditioning to be interesting. I never realized how much these two concepts are present in our every day lives! Reading about operant conditioning reminded me of a clip from a cartoon I used to watch when I was younger. Take a look. -C.Threlfall

# data[].attributes.body
Here's a picture of my Domino running a Championship Agility course in 2010.  I used pieces of hot dogs ( which he LOVED!) and faded out the reinforcers to get him to learn how to run over all the equipment. We had a blast!

# data[].attributes.body
Anyone ever use classical conditioning with their dog?   My Domino was the First place finisher at the AKC National Agility Championships in 2010.  I used classical conditioning in all of his training.

# data[].attributes.body
K. Joyce
Sorry for the name at the top, I still cannot figure out how to add my name as most the rest of you have.  I found cognitive aspects of classical conditioning interesting and relatable.  The example given in the text of two women encountering flashing lights at a railroad and how they both react is similar to an experience I have regularly.

In the small town I work at their our flashing lights when the train comes through, they work, and I stop every time.  However, we also have flashing lights near crosswalks for our college students that supposedly only flash when students press them and are crossing or during peek times when they are getting out of classes, etc.  However, they always seem to be flashing and often times no one at all is in eyesight of them to have recently crossed.

Most locals have become accustomed to this and either do a rolling stop and look through them, or do not bother to look or stop at all. While the constant flashing can be annoying, the result of not stopping when one should have could be life altering.

# data[].attributes.body
Chapter 9, specifically the information about childhood development is relevant to my field. As an early childhood educator it's important that I understand the milestones and physical, cognitive, and social/emotional development of children of various ages. 

# data[].attributes.body
I have yet to figure out my career path but I will still share something relevant to my life. I found this article on Narcissists. I had a partner who I suspect was/is one. I find it interesting that it stems from childhood abuse and neglect, which maybe is related to why developmental psychologists highlight the importance of the first two years. Narcissists are never wrong. I am on a website called quora where it is a hot topic. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/insight-is-2020/201701/the-true-roots-narcissism
https://speakout4others.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/img_5468-1.png

# data[].attributes.body
One concept that I found that is relevant to my field is moral principles. My field in human services requires strong ethics. i believe in treating people the way I would like to be treated.- Sarah Smith

# data[].attributes.body
Most children that have anxiety end up lashing out with anger as they don't have the attention from parents or teachers they need to talk to calm them down and get it off their chest. The can also seem extremely clinging and not wanting to let go of their parent or leave their sight from having this anxiety.Tabitha Liberty

# data[].attributes.body
My picture keeps disappearing.  It's there when I post and then it goes away.  What am I doing wrong? Thanks, Karen

# data[].attributes.body
Karen Joyce Boosting the Aging Brain.  Whether you're 30 or 70, continuing to be physically and mentally active is important for our brain health.  Keeping our minds sharp and healthy can help us all professionally, as well as personally as we continue to grow and age.

# data[].attributes.body
It is all coming together for me.  Wonder if I can combine the practice  Health and Environmental Psychology under the  Humanistic and Positive Psychology Perspective.  I can help people, animals and  the environment.

# data[].attributes.body
Cotards' Delusion: The example of Graham, and the feeling his brain was dead, even though he could think and talk is fascinating as an example of how emotionally driven we are as humans. It seems it's our emotional capacity that essentially makes us feel alive!

# data[].attributes.body
For me, I grew up on Long Island surrounded by beaches and salt water.  As a result, I have always gravitated to salt water. It is natural to be attracted to Salt water because it has the same chemical ingredients that blood has.  As a kid, I had to learn how to handle myself in rough ocean waves and later went on to become a lifeguard and Water Safety instructor as well as a certified diver.  While I understand how lots of people have a fear of the water and, as a result,  have never learned how to swim, I am sad at the fact that they have never learned how to overcome their fears and enjoy all the benefits and joys that swimming offers.

# data[].attributes.body
Forum Posts are welcome here!  I'm just testing this again because some students are having difficulty posting.  But this seems to be working fine.  Hope you can all join us!  Some of my development has included being under water!

# data[].attributes.body
HI  everyone.  I'm just testing this out.  Hope you can all join me with your forum responses this week!.

# data[].attributes.body
Welcome to our Padlet for PSY 501! You can be creative here and post videos, clips, photos and all of your opinions and ideas! Let's have some fun with this!