# data[].attributes.body
1 Month-
raises head, can lift chin up from floor or bed

2 Months-
raises chest up off of the floor or bed

2.5 Months-
sits up with adult support

3 Months-
bats at objects; cannot accurately grasp them

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4 Months-
swipes at objects; makes no contact

5 Months-
swipes at objects; makes contact; does not grasp

6 Months-
reaches for and grasps objects

6.5 Months-
sits alone steadily

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7 Months-
squeezes objects between fingers and thumbs

8 Months-
stands with adult support

9 Months-
stands up holding onto furniture

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10 Months-
creeps

11 Months-
walks when led by adult; stands alone

12 Months-
walks alone

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13 Months-
climbs stairs; picks up objects between thumb and index finger (pincer grasp)

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18-24 Months-
vision usually directed straightforward; beginning to develop taste preferences of family and culture; cut most of their teeth

24 Months-
ability to recognize and discriminate among sounds that are similar

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26 Months-
walks down stairs with both feet on each step

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Respond positively to touch

Interact best when in an alert state or in an inactive and attentive state

Benefit from short, frequent interactions more than long, infrequent ones

Smile and show pleasure in response to social stimulation

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shows a strong attachment to parents or caregivers through smiling and clinging; shows temporary upset during separation

likely to initiate social interaction through laughing loudly and smiling spontaneously

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Respond actively to language and gestures

Express several clearly differentiated emotions

Distinguish friends from strangers

Show displeasure at the loss of a toy

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Show anxiety when separated from primary caregiver

Mimic simple actions to communicate

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exhibits some willingness to separate from parents and caregivers

Express negative feelings

Show pride and pleasure at new accomplishments

Begin to be helpful

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demonstrates and ability to work and play alone some times; shows an interest in other children and nonfamily; shows early empathy and kindness

Show a strong sense of self through assertiveness, directing others

Recognize themselves in pictures or the mirror and smile or make faces at themselves

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makes contact with others through verbalization, playful behavior, smiling, gesturing, or sharing objects

Watch other children and briefly join in play

Defend their possessions

Begin to play house

Use objects symbolically in play

Participate in simple group activities, such as singing clapping or dancing

Know gender identity

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Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

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Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

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0-1 Month-
perform simple involuntary reflexes

1-4 Months-
infants engage in circular actions with their bodies; a movement or vocalization is made and repeated

(Piaget)

-babbling (early coos containing open vowel sounds)
-communicate through crying

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Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

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Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

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4-8 Months-
infants engage in circular reactions that involve other objects (shake a rattle, notice and interesting result, shake again)

(Piaget)

-consonant cooing stage

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Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

# data[].attributes.subject
Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

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8-12 Months-
infants perform a series of actions that have been performed in previous substages (shake, then bang, then chew a rattle); engage in social directed behavior

(Piaget)

-first words between 8-18 months

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Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

# data[].attributes.subject
Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

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12-18 Months-
trial and error to obtain an object (problem solving)

(Piaget)

-long strings of vowel-consonant-vowel patterns are uttered

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Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

# data[].attributes.subject
Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

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12-18 Months-
trial and error to obtain an object (problem solving)

(Piaget)

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Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

# data[].attributes.subject
Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

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18-24 Months-
solve problems using mental images; study and imitate others' behaviors

(Piaget)

-two word utterances (all gone, eat time, uh-oh paint, etc.)
-toddlers respond to reading (imitate events in story)

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Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

# data[].attributes.subject
Language and Cognitive Developmental Milestones:

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-answering oral questions from reading (what do you think is going to happen next?)
(Vygotsky)

-engaging in conversations

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-caregiver singing lullabies
-tummy time for 1-2 minutes at a time
-rattles, singing toys/stuffed animals

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-imitation games
-tummy time (roll over between 4 and 7 months)
-toys for teething, discover and play piano, toys with flashing lights and animal sounds, activity mats, activity jumper/walker

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-stacking rings/cups, creeping mat, soft blocks, soft books, grasping balls, activity mats, activity jumper/walker

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-step and play piano, pop up toys,  xylophone, baby laptop, activity cube

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-pass the ball, grab floating balls, popping bubbles, 1-2-3 counting,
hide and seek, touch your .... (nose, eyes, ear, etc.), doodling, stacking cups

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-varying types of music; "what sound is that?" games
-walk in the woods (rich smells)
-fingering painting, matching shapes toys, toddler vacuum/hand broom and dustpan

-Scaffolding during reading (having toddler turn pages, asking toddler to name things in book, etc.)
(Vygotsky)

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-play kitchen, puzzles, easels, balance toys (tricycle), butterfly garden, big legos, toy cash register, dress-up clothes

-additional scaffolding during reading
(Vygotsky)

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Cognitive Development. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cognition/piaget.html

Trawick-Smith, J. (2014). Early Childhood Development: A Multicultural Perspective(6th ed.). Pearson.

Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://blog.udemy.com/vygotskys-theory-of-cognitive-development/