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Compare Brazil and Argentina's type of government, political, social, and economic developments.

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Compare Brazil and Argentina's type of government, political, social, and economic developments.

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Government
-Brazil: 1930 democratic then 1930-45 Authoritarian, military support
- Argentina: 1916-30 democracy, 1930-43 Authoritarian military support

Political
Brazil: Developes dictatorship- Estado Novo
-Argentina: Political violence, University reform, some repression

Social
Both: Growth in middle class and movement into cities

Economic
Brazil: dependent on coffee,
economic nationalism, industrialization, ISI
Argentina: dependent on beef then has a beef crisis, tariffs, debt, had debt reduction spending cuts, and trade agreement

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Beef Crisis: Was a delicate good but demand fell after WWI- fell 50%

Tarrifs and Debt:
-National debt due to growth in bureacracy
- Gov spending increased- 503M to 614M and revenue fell from 481M to 461M (pesos).

Trade with the US:
Suffered due to Fordney McCumber Taridd
-due to the US banning import of beef, embargo was made on U.S. oil
-85% with W. Europe

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- depended on coffee production
- decline of production of rubber and sugar
- Same with sugar production
- Most of imports were manufactured and 80% grain
- 35% of Brazil's debt was owned by US

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-By the 1930's liberal gov. started to fail and the middle class became allied to the elites and military than moving towards democracy, like done in the US
- LA artists and writers got inspired by Europe and formed socialist parties after the Russian Revolution.
-Not only the Socialist parties were against the middle and upper classes. Even the Catholic church called these classes "unholy."

-Many Social reform movements in the 1930's.

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Like African Americans, there were legislation against women.

-1933 Economy Act:
Prevented member of the same family to work- 75% women lost their jobs

-The National Recovery Administration: Allowed lower pay for women

-Some jobs were only given entirely to men

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The increased opportunites the women had for employment now quickly declined and they were expected to stay at home and manage the family while on a low income.

Not only were they expected to give up their jobs in order for the unemployed men to work, but also, like African Americans, were the first to get laid off from work. The ones who were able to continue working were paid less than men.

Women needed to work in order to support their husbands and household.

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Although African Americans were under a lot of heat during the depression, Roosevelt cared more about recovering the US economy. Even if Roosevelt tried to help blacks, it most likely would not be possible since he needs the votes of southern Democrats to pass any laws.

Approved legislation often were against African Americans. -The NRA enabled African Americans to be paid less than what the whites were receiving for the same job. -The CCC proved to be more prejudicial toward African Americans- this program was created to help unemployed young men but the leader of the program was strict against any African American who joined (although there werent many since the leader did not encourage African Americans to join).

This job shortage proved to worsen rascism in America, since now African Americans seemed like a threat to employments to most whites. This change seemed like a step back to where rascism was like before WWI.

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-The economic situation of African Americans worsened during the GD
Many black men were unemployed and were the first to be laid off from their jobs. They had an unemployment 6 times more than of whites.

-During the early years of the assistance programs, blacks were often excluded from these charitable programs, such as soup kitchens or public works for the needy Americans, that claimed to help anyone in need.

-Great Migration: Young black men would migrate to the north for more job opportunities and homes. Mostly Sharecroppers since they were already living in very low standards.
However, this just increased racial tensions as whites (who were competing against some blacks for jobs) initiated violence towards the blacks and the increased population made it more difficult for relief.

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Falling prices and decreasing demand
-Overproduction led to the reduced need to the product. Too much production of wrong crops.
-  Less consumption of bread maize and corn- European exports fell

-Fordney McCumber Tariff

-Farmers have access to cheaper credit- encouraged high production rates

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The impact of the First World on the USA

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The impact of the First World on the USA

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US from net borrower to net leader

The City of London was no longer financial center- Wall Street was

The tertiary sector (invisible exports) now focused on the US

New domestic products inclined while the traditional industrial declined- fueled by modern financial practices

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- Crash revealed problem with the US economy

- Many lost money and were unable to buy any goods

-Loans unable to be paid

-Anxious banks to make more loans along with companies who were uneasy about production level when no guarantee ppl will b able to afford the goods

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Boom in 1920's:
BC of the decline of trade union influence and company focus on making any profit, wages of workers did not increase as economic activity rose. Increased speculation on the stock market.

Stock Market Crash:
- Financial bubbles

-Globalization= increased demand

-WWI: Disruption of international trade: After 1914 Germany no longer in economic stability to trade, Britain in debt, France has to deal with heavy losses and damage to some crucial industrial areas.

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Literature increased, ex magazines. Some magazines, like Life, tried to make life seem better than it was by using glorified pictures of society and life.

Federal funding to aritsts and writers in hopes to create less tension and attention from the devastation caused by the Great Depression. =new cultural forms of art

Public Works of Art- increased access to artworks and pushed for more people to create arts

Radio was more used along with new genres or types of music

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Impact of GD on African Americans & Women

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Impact of GD on African Americans & Women

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-Canada was very dependent on trade. Britain and the U.S. served as its major source of goods.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff made it worse: high import taxes. Caused decreased export prices on major exports and major companies to fail.

Unemployment rates were high with an average of 32 percent in Canadian cities.

Many depended on government relief and charity

There were not only trade wars, but also drought, deprivation, and plague of grasshoppers.

Lack of government intervention that was seen in the U.S.

Relief Camps for unemployed men

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Relief, recovery, reform

New Deal: A series of reforms made by Roosevelt in order to add economic releif to the struggling U.S. economy.

-Created relief programs for unemployed men like the CCC, AAA, NRA.

WPA: massive program that gave jobs for construction to acting

Social Security:
Provided money to older people and save them from poverty

Wagner Act: Allowed for collective bargaining-unions agreeing on terms of employment

Black Cabinet: Cabinet of African Americans authorized by Roosevelt

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Political & Economic Causes of the GD in U.S.

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Political & Economic Causes of the GD in U.S.