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Court ruling said the NSPA could march in uniform but not display the swastika, finding that the symbol constitutes “fighting words” unprotected by the Constitution. The court also upheld the liability insurance requirement, despite the fact that it effectively would have made the rally unfeasible.

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damaging the good reputation of someone; slanderous or libelous

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Libel and slander are both forms of defamation. Defamation is a common law tort, governed by state law, in which an individual makes a "publication" of a defamatory statement of and concerning the plaintiff that damages the reputation of the plaintiff.  The distinction between slander and libel comes in the form of the publication.

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The Fourteenth Amendment addresses many aspects of citizenship and the rights of citizens.  The most commonly used -- and frequently litigated -- phrase in the amendment is  "equal protection of the laws"

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

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In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

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is a form of speech that advocates overthrowing the United States and is therfore unconstitutional and unprotected by the 1st Amendment.

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In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial. And have jury present.

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The Supreme Court ruled that the evacuation order violated by Korematsu was valid, and it was not necessary to address the constitutional racial discrimination issues in this case.

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protects individuals from being compelled to be witnesses against themselves in criminal cases. Individuals cannot be charged for the same crime twice, you do not have to talk when being questioned by authrities, and you do not have to incriminate yourself.

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Segregation by custom and tradition.

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The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

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The right to keep and bear arms.

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prevents Congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion, prohibiting the free exersize, or abridging the freedom of speech, the freeom of press, theright to peacablly assemble.

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details legislation concerning religion. It is threefold:

1. The statute must have a secular legislative purpose.

2. The principal or primary effect of the statute must not advance nor inhibit religion.

3. The statute must not result in an "excessive government entanglement" with religion.

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is censorship imposed, usually by a government or institution, on expression, that prohibits particular instances of expression.

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"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof..." congress can not make laws prohibiting religion or favoring one religion over another.

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Rational basis review tests whether the government's actions are "rationally related" to a "legitimate" government interest

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Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys.

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It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "seperate but equal".

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Dred Scott was a slave who sought his freedom through the American legal system. The 1857 decision by the United States Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case denied his plea, determining that no Negro, the term then used to describe anyone with African blood, was or could ever be a citizen.

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legalized abortion in the United States, which was not legal at all in many states and was limited by law in others.

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outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. It prohibited unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accomodations.

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Jim Crow was more than a series of rigid anti-black laws. It was a way of life. Under Jim Crow, African Americans were relegated to the status of second class citizens. All major societal institutions reflected and supported the oppression of blacks.

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the process of a business in which it gives special rights of hiring or advancement to ethnic minorities to make up for past discrimination against that minority; positive discrimination.

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Many state governments in the Southern United States administered literacy tests to voters to test their literacy in order to vote. In practice, these tests were intended to disenfranchise racial minorities, and deny suffrage to African Americans.

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United States Supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state or federal law criminal prosecutions in state or federal courts and is unconstitutional.

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The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Many view it as the attempt to uphold the professed “all men are created equal” clause written in the Constitution. The Equal protection law implies that no State has the right to deny anyone within jurisdiction equal protection of the law.

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Miranda was arrested and questioned by the police for two hours until he confessed to the crimes. During the interrogation, police did not tell Miranda about his Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination or his Sixth Amendment right to an attorney. "You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say or do can and will be held against you in a court of law. You have the right to speak to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you. Do you understand these rights as they have been read to you? "

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U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education. State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional.

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Supreme court ruled that school-sponsored nondenominational prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment and is therfore unconstitutional

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Makes the first ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights, binding on the states. Through incorporation, state governments largely are heldto the same standards as the federal government with regard to many constitutional rights.

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Speech without words but actions. Many political activities, including marching, wearing armbands, and displaying or mutilating the U.S. flag, are considered forms of symbolic expression. The U.S. Supreme Court has held that this form of communicative behavior is entitled to the protection of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

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White California man Bakke applied to the University of California and was denied. He realized minority groups were being accepted and they had much lower test scores. Supreme Court ruled  affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas. Race could be used as one criterion but not the only criterion.

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Reasonable grounds for police to recieve a warrant, conduct a search, and make an arrest.

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Segregation by law. It was the Jim Crow laws that made seperate schools with seperate drinking fountains and public areas.

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Laws that categorize based on race, ethnicity, or national origin, are considered suspect and therefore require closer judicial examination. Such laws are invalid unless they are necessary to achieve a compelling governmental interest.

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A combination of speech and non speech elements to deliver a message.

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This prohibits state and federal governments from prosecuting individuals for the same crime more than once, or imposing more than one punishment for a single offense.

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the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. A person must recieve a fair jury trial and fair treament in the court system.

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The Establishment Clause is a limitation placed on the United States Congress preventing it from passing legislation respecting an establishment of religion. So it  states government can't pass a law that gives preference to or forces belief in any one religion.This prevents government from interferring with religion.

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The exclusionary rule prevents the government from presenting evidence in trial which was gathered in violation of the Fourth Amendment's protection against illegal search and seizure. Prevents police from obtaining evidence illegally and using it against you.