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http://www.islamicity.org/5578/the-faith-of-islam/

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http://bak.whyislam.org/submission/five-pillars-of-islam-2/faith/

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http://plancksconstant.org/blog1/2011/08/thousands_of_years_of_futile_charity.html

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http://islam.ru/en/category/tags/1320

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http://www.athreedayjourney.com/al-islam/five-pillars/hajj/

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I chose this image because it depicts the declaration of faith that every convert must recite three times in order to become Muslim. This line of writing reads "There is no Allah but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet." The declaration of faith shows that one accepts Allah as the only god and also acknowledges Muhammad. After reciting this, one has complete faith in the Islamic God, Allah. This practice is important to Islam because it one of the steps one must take in order to become a Muslim.

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 Given the practice and meaning of Faith, how might it increase literacy and importance of writing?

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 Given the practice and meaning of Faith, how might it increase literacy and importance of writing?

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The physical writing of the Declaration of Faith increased literacy and the importance of writing by providing information about Islam in writing. This probably made the concept of writing down religious
values more popular because it offered a more reliable, consistent source.

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I chose this image because it shows a Muslim praying towards Mecca, which is one of the requirements of prayer. It also shows the Muslim praying amount many others, which is encouraged. Reciting prayers together often brings people closer and creates an "emotional bond". This form of praying is one of the main aspects of the "Prayer" pillar. Prayer is important to Islam because it is how Muslims show their respect to God and also a way of worship.

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 In order to pray five times a day what would you need to know? How would you figure this out?

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 In order to pray five times a day what would you need to know? How would you figure this out?

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One would need to know the basic requirements of Islam prayer. First, one must face Mecca when praying. Second, one must pray during four-five set times everyday. One can pray either individually or together, but it is encouraged for people to pray together. Every Friday, Muslims try to gather for the noontime prayer. One could find out more information by doing more research online or by
visiting a local mosque. However, back in the old days, one could learn more about Islam by reading the Qur'an (the Islam holy book).

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I chose this image because it illustrates a Muslim couple giving money to the poor for Alms (giving 2.5% of total wealth every year to the poor). This image is a good representation of what Alms typically would look like back in the day. This practice is important to Islam because it it teaches Muslims to support each other and to be selfless, which are two important Islam concepts.

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How might the practice of giving alms encourage achievements in mathematics/finance and promote a sense of community?

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How might the practice of giving alms encourage achievements in mathematics/finance and promote a sense of community?

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The practice of giving alms encouraged overall success because it allowed the poor to rise up from their social standing and it was also a symbol of wealth for the upper class. If a Muslims had "material goods over and above one’s needs", then they could participate in Alms, which was someone of an achievement within itself. Alms also allowed the poorer parts of the community to succeed in life by releasing them from the cycle of poverty. Also, Alms overall provided a sense of community by bridging the gap between the Upper and Lower class. This practice tried to diminish tension by creating a mandatory way for the rich to give back to the poor.

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I chose this image because it shows Muslims praying before breaking their fast in the evening. This image represents fasting because it depicts the practice of Ramadan. Ramadan is a month long fast that Muslims take apart in where they are not allowed to eat for the entire day except for sundown. This practice is important to Islam because during fasting, Muslims spend their time praying to Allah and asking forgiveness for their sins. On the last day of Ramadan, Muslims hold a celebration in honor of Allah, called the Eid-al Fitr. Overall, fasting is important to Islam because it is a way for Muslims to build their relationship with their God by praying, repenting their sins, celebrating God, and spending time with family.

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I chose this picture because it shows the city of Mecca, which is where every Muslim visits during their Hajj. Hajj is important to Islam because it takes place in Mecca, which is the heart of Islam. Muslims travel there from all over the world and only Muslims can enter. It is also important because during Hajj, a Muslim will pray for several days as well as building relationships with other travelers. When one returns from their Hajj, they will receive "special respect and status" and they would share what they learned. Hajj is one of the most important journeys that a Muslim can take and it profoundly increases one's understanding of Islam.

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Ramadan only occurs once a year and is based on a lunar calendar, how might this encourage innovations?

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Ramadan only occurs once a year and is based on a lunar calendar, how might this encourage innovations?

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Ramadan encouraged innovations by making people find ways to stay healthy during Ramadan. Depriving one's body of food and drink for a month clearly would led to certain health risks, but Muslims could use this as an opportunity to discover new ways to stay healthy. Also, since Ramadan happened once a year during the same time (based off of the lunar calendar), it was probably very useful to track the moon's movement.

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Hajj only happens in Mecca; what would somebody back then (before 1500)  need in order to get to Mecca and participate in Hajj?

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Hajj only happens in Mecca; what would somebody back then (before 1500)  need in order to get to Mecca and participate in Hajj?

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Since Muslims would travel from all over the world to visit Mecca, they would need a few essential things to get there safely. First, one would need a way of transportation. Back then, a common way to reach Mecca was by a camel caravan. Sea routes were used as well and some even traveled on foot. One would also need money to pay for the taxes that were imposed on  pilgrims. It would probably also be useful to bring items to trade, as trade became very popular due to the increased amount of people who embarked on Hajj.