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Codons describes the sequence of the three nucleotides that are paired together to make a specific unit of genetic code

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The purpose of RNA is to act almost like a stencil, while it is being combined with the corresponding nitrogen bases of DNA, it is also simultaneously creating a copy that can be stored for future purposes of reproduction

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The purpose of DNA in the cell is that it carries genetic material that is essential for the survival and reproduction of the cell

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It instructs your cells what proteins to make and how to make them via genetic sequences. This is very important because proteins regulate key functions in humans and other species.

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During the S phase of interphase of cell cycle division, the DNA double helix splits into a single strand. Neighboring nucleotides then bind to the single strand, after which a new sugar-phosphate backbone is formed.

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Alleles are alternative forms of the same gene. One allele is supplied by the parent sperm cell, and the other is supplied by the egg cell.

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The human genome is comprised of 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes but often different versions, or alleles.

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The rungs of the ladder carry information in a sequential series of four nucleotides: guanine (G), adenine (A), thymine (T), and cytosine (C).  These nucleotides pair up with each other via hydrogen bonding.

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DNA takes the form of a “double helix”. The sides of the ladder consist of a sugar phosphate "backbone," and the strand itself has directionality.

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Cell creates protein by gathering the information from the DNA.

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DNA polymerase can make mistakes while adding nucleotides. Incorrect bases are removed and replaced by the correct base, and then polymerization continues. The mismatch repair mechanism is employed.

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When a cell divides, each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the DNA.

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Like DNA, RNA is a polymer of nucleotides. Each of the nucleotides in RNA is made up of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group.

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They proposed that the DNA is made up of two strands that are twisted around each other to form a right handed helix, called a double helix.

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The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which are made up of three parts: a deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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Function
DNA replicates and stores genetic information. It is a blueprint for all genetic information contained within an organism. While RNA converts the genetic information contained within DNA to a format used to build proteins, and then moves it to ribosomal protein factories.

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It is a second nucleic acid in all cells called ribonucleic acid, or RNA.

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DNA is the genetic material passed from parent to offspring for all life on Earth.

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Won Nobel Prize in Medicine for their model of DNA, which was shared with Maurice Wilkins (not showed below).

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Where do they occur?
Transcription-Nucleus
Translation-Cytoplasm
What do they do?
Transcription created my mRNA, then it leaves and goes to the ribosome.
The final step will be translation.

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DNA & RNA base pairing of nitrogen bases

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DNA & RNA base pairing of nitrogen bases

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DNA
A-T
C-G
RNA
A-U
C-G