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The of industry helped head lead to a new economic system, capitalism. In this system, individuals own most businesses and resources. People invest money in businesses in the hope of making a profit.

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Then around the mid-1700's, everything changed. People began inventing machines to make goods and supply power. These machines completely changed the way people across Europe worked and lived. They made most of the items they needed by hand.

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In 1793 the revolutionaries executed Louis XVI. Reign of Terror, a bloody period of the French Revolution during which the government executed thousands of its opponents and other at the guillotine. This device beheaded victims with a large, heavy blade. The Reign of Terror finally ended when one of its own leaders was executed in 1794.

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They called this land, which in time came to be known as America, The New World. Excited by the new discovery, explorers set out from Europe to learn more about the new land. Led by Spain, explorers from Portugal, France, England, and the Netherlands set sail for North and South America. Europeans came to realize that he had reached a land unknown to them.

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Humanism emphasized the abilities and accomplishments of human beings. The humanists believed that people were capable of great things. As a result, they admired artists, architects, leaders, writers, scientists, and other talented individuals. William Shakespeare and Hans Holbein.

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This period of creativity, of new ideas and inspirations, is called the Renaissance. It lasted from about 1350 through the 1500s. The people who named this period believed it represented a new beginning, or in Europe's history and culture. Of the Greek and Romans.

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In time, their complaints led to a religious reform movement called the reformation. Although people called for church reform in other places, the Reformation began in what is now Germany. Church officials focused more on power and not religious beliefs. Martin Luther King Junior

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The use of reason in shaping people's ideas about society and politics defined a period called the Enlightenment. Because of its focus on reason, this period is also known as the Age Of Reason. By using reason, these people hoped to solve problems such as property and war. They believed the use of reason could achieve 3 great goals knowledge, freedom, and happiness- and thereby improve society.

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The most famous Renaissance writer is probably the English Dramatist William Shakespeare. He wrote excellent poetry, but Shakespeare is best known for his plays. They include more than 30 comedies, his history's, and his tragedies

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This widespread change in views was part of the Scientific Revolution, the series of events that led to the birth of modern science. People began placing more importance on what they observed and less on what they were told. They used their observations to come up with logical explanations for how the world worked.