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Y*Topographic survey*
Definition:
A Topographic Survey is a survey that gathers data about the elevation of points on a piece of land and presents them as contour lines on a plot.

Function:
1. The purpose of a topographic survey is to collect survey data about the natural and man-made features of the land, as well as its elevations.

2. Topographic maps are used to show elevations and grading features for architects, engineers, and building contractors.

*Construction As-Built Surveys*
Who Needs an As-Built Survey?

There are all different kinds of land surveys. Some are performed for residential projects, while others are performed for commercial construction. Most are done before actual building begins, but most projects will require construction as-built surveys at some point. These are needed for many different reasons by many different people, including banks, state and local authorities, engineers and general construction contractors. These are surveys done in the middle of and after the completion of construction. These surveys are unique in when they are performed and in the information they provide, and they are typically very useful for all involved.

Construction as-built surveys may be required at varying points during the construction process to monitor the construction as it is occurring. These can provide valuable information including whether the job is being done properly, what level of completion the project has reached, and if the construction that was authorized is actually what is taking place. Workers can use this information to extend deadlines, and when violations are found it can be used in remediation procedures. It is imperative to have a licensed surveyor who does land surveying as a profession to complete this kind of work, as mistakes can be costly and embarrassing.

Generally construction as-built surveys are required after construction is completed in order to obtain a Certificate of Occupancy. At the end of a new project this verifies completion of all requirements. However, as-built surveys can be used when purchasing an existing building to verify what is being purchased and the land lines indicated in the purchase agreement. Again, even if the job seems simple, it is necessary to have a qualified land surveyor complete the job.

*Aerial surveying*

Aerial surveying is best utilised for large areas which would otherwise be unable to be captured by traditional means, or would take numerous site visits and staff hours to cover. It is also ideal for locations with difficult access or high traffic (pedestrian or vehicle) which would be impacted by shut down periods.

Aerial surveying (often referred to asPhotogrammetry or Aerial Mapping) has been in the market for years but advancements in technology and ease of data collection have ensured that it remains at the forefront of survey methods. Once the data is captured it can be further processed to create high resolution orthographic images, digital elevation models and pointclouds giving clients additional deliverable options.

The key benefits of an aerial survey is rapid capture speed, great visualisation and in many cases reduced costs. In fact most projects are able to be captured in a single flyover with little to no disruption to operations, or the general public.

Uses for Aerial Surveying:

• Completing large detail surveys for construction, transport & infrastructure
• Monitoring of construction & site development
• Volumetric calculations for bulk earthworks, stockpiles & landfill
• Hazard assessments
• Disaster & environmental monitoring
• Major sporting events

*Construction surveys*

Construction surveys can cover a wide range of tasks.  They can be used before construction has begun, during the construction process, or after construction has been completed.  Construction surveys generally entail the laying out and staking of various features and structures such as buildings, curb and gutter, and various utilities.

In the pre-construction phases, construction surveys usually begin by establishing a network of highly accurate control points that will be used and referenced throughout the job.  This phase is also usually when initial marks are placed on the ground, indicating the location of the structures to be built.

During the construction process, construction surveys are used to layout and stake the locations of other features and utilities, periodically as needed.  Construction surveys can also be used during this time to check the accuracy of the actual construction by comparing actual field measurements to plan data.

After construction has finished, construction surveys can be used to check the final results, comparing what has actually been built with the way it was planned.  This type of construction survey is sometimes referred to as an "As-built" suroutes.

*Route Survey*
DEFINITION:

A Route Survey is defined as being the required service and product that adequately locates the planned path of a linear project or right of way which crosses a prescribed area of real estate, extending from at least one known point and turning or terminating at another known point. Adequate location shall mean substantial compliance with the conditions and tolerances expressed in this standard. A route survey which defines new or proposed boundaries shall be conducted as a boundary survey and must adhere to the rules and regulations of the Texas Board of Professional Land Surveying (TBPLS).

PURPOSES:

A Route Survey is usually required for the planning of a right of way, the acquisition of fee or easement property and for eventual construction layout work. The location of the facilities within the right of way are often held in respect to the center line or a right of way line. A Route Survey is made on the ground to provide for the location of right of way lines, a centerline, or reference lines in relation to property lines and terrain features.

Route Surveys shall include but are not limited to the proper location, monumentation, description or platting of the following routes:

Roadways, highways and railroads.Transmission lines for communications, fuel, chemical, water and electrical needs.Canals, waterways, drainage ditches and sewers.View easements, air space easements, ingress and egress easements such as approach routes.

property surveys

Definition:
A property survey is a procedure that defines a parcel of land using distances and angles. This would also include gas lines, roads, walls, streams, or anything relative to the property.

One reason to survey a property is to establish the boundaries. When adding structures to the property, such as a shed, it is illegal for it to extend into someone else’s land. A survey will show new buildings or construction on the map and identify power and gas lines.

Purpose :
- Review your deed along with other
evidence and render a professional opinion
as to the locations and conflicts of the
boundaries of your land.
- Set monuments at your property corners
and mark them so they can be easily found
and identified.
- Keep an accurate record of all services
performed and measurements obtained.
- Identify and advise you of any apparent
defect in your land description or evidence
of conflict of ownership and/or use.
- Prepare a plat or map of your property
indicating boundary measurements, the
monuments found and placed, and the
calculated area.
- Provide the client with copies of these
maps bearing the Professional Land
Surveyor’s signature and seal. Copies of
these maps will also be filed in the County
Records where the land is located. This
will ensure that the plat or map is available
for public inspection.

*Hydrographic Surveys*

Hydrographic surveying or bathymetric surveying is the survey of physical features present underwater. It is the science of measuring all factors beneath water that affect all the marine activities like dredging, marine constructions, offshore drilling etc.

Hydrographic surveying is mainly conducted under authority concerns. It is mainly carried out by means of sensors, sounding or electronic sensor system for shallow water.

The information obtained from hydrographic surveying is required to bring up nautical charts.

These survey also take part in necessary data collection relating to construction and developments of port facilities, such as pier construction. This help in finding the loss in capacity due to silt and many uncertainties.

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*Construction Survey* also known as a Site Layout Survey, is the process of interpreting construction plans and marking the location of proposed new structures such as roads or buildings. Construction staking is performed to ensure a project is built according to engineering design plans. The staked reference points guide the construction of proposed improvements on the property, and will help to ensure the construction project is completed on schedule, on budget and as intended.

*Route survey:* Route surveying is comprised of all survey operations required for design and
construction of engineering works such as highways, pipelines, canals, or
railroads. At Caltrans a route surveying system is generally associated with
highway design and construction.
A route surveying system usually contains four separate but interrelated
processes:
• Reconnaissance and planning
• Works design
• Right of way acquisition
• Construction of works

*Hydrographic surveying* or bathymetric surveying is the survey of physical features present underwater. It is the science of measuring all factors beneath water that affect all the marine activities like dredging, marine constructions, offshore drilling etc.
Hydrographic surveying is mainly conducted under authority concerns. It is mainly carried out by means of sensors, sounding or electronic sensor system for shallow water.
The information obtained from hydrographic surveying is required to bring up nautical charts which involves,
-Available depths
-Improved Channels
-Breakwaters
-Piers
The aids to navigation harbor facility
These survey also take part in necessary data collection relating to construction and developments of port facilities, such as pier construction. This help in finding the loss in capacity due to silt and many uncertainties.

*A property survey* shows the boundaries of the property indicating the lot size, and includes a written description of the property. Property surveys, which resemble a map, are carried out during the original construction of a house and are provided to the buyer at that time.
Purposes:
-A property survey is performed for the purpose of locating, describing, monumenting and mapping the boundaries and corners of a parcel of land. It may also include mapping of the topography of the parcel, and the location of buildings or other improvements upon the parcel.

*A Topographic Survey* is a survey that gathers data about the elevation of points on a piece of land and presents them as contour lines on a plot. The purpose of a topographic survey is to collect survey data about the natural and man-made features of the land, as well as its elevations. Topographic maps are used to show elevations and grading features for architects, engineers, and building contractors.

*Aerial survey* is a method of collecting geomatics or other imagery by using aeroplanes, helicopters, UAVs, balloons or other aerial methods such as drones. ...Aerial survey should be distinguished from satellite imagery technologies because of its better resolution, quality and atmospheric conditions

*Final survey*: Once work is completed on your building project, you will need a final as-built survey to obtain a CO (Certificate of Occupancy) for the building(s). With six decades of experience, Georgia Land Surveying knows the specific requirements of local jurisdictions throughout the state of Georgia, and can provide an accurate as-built survey that meets those demands.
Purpose: Once work is completed on your building project, you will need a final as-built survey to obtain a CO (Certificate of Occupancy) for the building(s). With six decades of experience, Georgia Land Surveying knows the specific requirements of local jurisdictions throughout the state of Georgia, and can provide an accurate as-built survey that meets those demands.
Purpose: 1. To show zoning authorities that the structures/improvements comply with local codes
2. To obtain a Certificate of Occupancy (CO) from the local jurisdiction, verifying that the structure is deemed habitable
3. To verify that the building has been completed according to plans
4. To prove to a lender that the structure has been built according to approved plans

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Aerial survey
Aerial survey is a method of collecting geomatics or other imaginary by using aeroplanes, helicopters, UAVs, balloons or other aerial methods.

Construction survey
Construction survey also known as a Site Layout Survey, is the process of interpreting construction plans and marking the location of proposed new structures such as roads or buildings. Construction staking is performed to ensure a project is built according to engineering design plans.

Topographic Surveys
Topographic Surveys are used to identify and map the contours of the ground and existing features on the surface of the earth or slightly above or below the earth's surface. For example, trees, buildings, streets, walkways, manholes, utility poles and retaining walls

Hydrographic Survey
Hydrographic survey is the science measurement and description of features which affect maritime navigation, marine construction, dreging, offshore oil exploration/ offshore oil drilling and related activities.

Route Survey
Route survey is a branch of Civil Engineering comprised of all survey operations required for design and construction of engineering works such as highways, pipelines, canals or railroads

Final surveys
While most surveys are done before construction of a project, *Final (or "as built") surveys* are carried out during the middle of construction showing the progressions and improvements as they exist at varying points in time. These surveys are also done after construction has ended.

It is required as this type of survey can provide information including whether the job has been done in the proper, and as planned manner and what level of completion the project has reached.

Property Survey
A property survey is a procedure that defines a parcel of land using distance and angles. This would also include gas lines, roads, walls, streams or anything relative to the property.

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Group 2 @ Surveyor Legends (Hydrographic Survey) 

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Group 2 @ Surveyor Legends (Hydrographic Survey) 

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Definition:
The survey of physical features present underwater. It is the science of measuring all factors beneath water that affect all the marines activities like dredging, marine constructions, offshore, drilling etc.

Applications of Hydrographic Surveying

Following are the applications of hydrographic surveying:

Dock and Harbor Engineering

Irrigation

River Works

Land reclamation

Water Power

Flood Control

Sewage Disposal

Uses of Hydrographic Surveying

Uses of hydrographic surveying are given below:

1. Depth of the bed can be determined

2. Shore lines can be determined

3. Navigation Chart Preparation

4. Locate sewer fall by measuring direct currents

5. Locating mean sea level

6. Scouring, silting and irregularities of the bed can be identified

7. Tide measurement

8. River and stream discharge measurement

9. Massive structures like bridges, dams harbors are planned

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Construction Survey
A Construction Survey is basically a survey that presents locations and marks for construction activities; the process of executing evaluation and estimation prior to or during construction activities.

It is carried out to layout engineering and construction works.

Measurements are done for reference points which determine the location of the planned structure or improvements, vertical and horizontal positioning, dimensions, configuration, and to control the elevation of the new structures.

The purpose of doing a construction survey is to maintain and establish the necessary vertical and horizontal control distinctions needed for a construction project. It includes taking measurements which is mandatory to ascertain quantities, and then put these measurements in documentation to corroborate the final payments made to the contractor.

https://pro17engineering.com/services/construction-survey/

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(Final "as built" survey)
What for?
Once work is completed on your building project, you will need a final as-built survey to obtain a CO (Certificate of Occupancy) for the building(s).

FUNCTIONS
- To show zoning authorities that the structures/improvements comply with local codes
- To obtain a Certificate of Occupancy (CO) from the local jurisdiction, verifying that the structure is deemed habitable
- To verify that the building has been completed according to plans
- To prove to a lender that the structure has been built according to approved plans

CONSIDERATIONS WITH FINAL AS-BUILT SURVEYS
The details required on the final as-built survey depends on the stipulations of the local jurisdiction where the structure is built.

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Definitions:

Topographic Surveys are used to identify and map the contours of the ground and existing features on the surface of the earth or slightly above or below the earth's surface (i.e. trees, buildings, streets, walkways, manholes, utility poles, retaining walls, etc.).  If the purpose of the survey is to serve as a base map for the design of a residence or building of some type, or design a road or driveway, it may be necessary to show perimeter boundary lines and the lines of easements on or crossing the property being surveyed, in order for a designer to accurately show zoning and other agency required setbacks.Topographic Surveys require "bench marks" to which ground contours are related, information regarding surface and underground utilities, determination of required setbacks, etc.

CONSTRUCTION SURVEY
A construction survey is used to establish or mark the desired position of building corners, roads, sidewalks, or utilities, that the engineer has designed. Particular attention is made to ensure the building does not encroach or overlap into or over the designated setbacks, easements, or property line. These points are then “staked out” onto the actual property to indicate the location of the improvement, generally flagged or painted lathe, stakes, or rebar are used.

Hydrographic survey:
Measurement of tides for sea coast work E.g. construction of sea defense works, harbors etc, for the establishment of leveling datam and for reducing sounding.
-For navigationLocation of rocks, sand bars, navigation light.
-For location of under water works volumes of under water excavation etc.
-In connection with irrigation and land drainage schemes

An As-built survey shows a property in its current state–whether during or after the construction of the project. The purpose of the As-Built Survey – also commonly called a Physical Survey – is to show the property “as it is built” at a particular point in time. While a pre-construction survey is performed to document conditions prior to construction work being performed, the As-Built survey is conducted to show the current state of the site at various stages throughout the duration of a project. It also serves as a close-out document to verify that the work authorized was completed to plans and in compliance with all relevant standards and regulations.

A route survey supplies the data necessary to determine alignment, grading, and earthwork quantities for the design and construction of various engineering projects such as roads, railroads, pipelines, and utilities.

PROPERTY SURVEY
A property survey is a procedure that defines a parcel of land using distances and angles. This would also include gas lines, roads, walls, streams, or anything relative to the property. All surveys start with a known, defined point. This may be a benchmark set by the government, or a point located by another surveying firm. From this defined point, the surveyor uses angles, distances and elevations to locate other points. By doing this the surveyor can determine if the property lines are correct or establish them. New additions to the property are located and defined at this time.

Aerial Survey is a form of collection of geographical information using airborne vehicles.

The data collected can be used for different purposes such as:

-Sea surveys (sea level, temperature, undulation, etc)

-Land survey (cartography, topography, feature recognition, etc)

-Monitoring vegetation and ground cover

-Reconnaissance