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Biography
CLAUDE DEBUSSY (Achille-Claude Debussy) (1862-1918) was a 20th-century French composer.

Life&Music

claude was born on the August 22,1862, in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.

Died March 25, 1918, Paris.

Spouse: Emma Bardac (m.1908-1918)

Children: Claude-Emma Debussy

During this period,debussy dedicted himself to the piano,

His first piano volume,tittled 'Pour Le Piano'(three movements — Prélude, Sarabande, and Toccata ),untilized rich harmonies and textures that woud pave the way for jazz music.

His use of non-traditional scales and chromaticism

NOTABLE WORKS

“Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun”

“Suite bergamasque”

“Pelléas et Mélisande”

“Clair de lune”

“Nocturnes”

“The Children’s Corner”

“Voiles”

MOVEMENT / STYLE

Impressionism

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Maurice Ravel was a 19th and early 20th century French composer of classical music.

Life&Music
Active 1890s - 1930s

Born; on March 7,1875,in Ciboure,France.

In 1887, he began studying harmony, counterpoint and composition with Charles-René. Charles-René found Ravel to be a highly musical boy, whose conception of music was natural. Ravel’s earliest known composition was written sometime during this period.

In 1888, Ravel befriended the young pianist Ricardo Viñes, who eventually became an important link between him and Spanish music. A friend for life, Viñes also became an important interpreter of Ravel’s works.

In 1889,at age of 14. He began taking courses at the Paris conservatoire,a prestigious music and dance school located in capital of France.

Studying under Gabriel Faure

First important work in the line was ’Miroirs’, a piece written for piano in 1904-1905. It consisted of five movements. In 1906, Ravel orchestrated its thirds and fourth movement, ‘Une barque sur l'océan’ and ‘Alborada del gracioso’.

During this period, Ravel also wrote many original works, premiering ‘Histoires Naturelles’ in 1907. Consisting of satirical verses on animals and biting music, it led him into another controversy. Critics claimed that he had plagiarized Claude Debussy’s work.

Died; December 28,1937, Paris,France.

Parents; Joseph Ravel, Marie Delouart

MOVEMENT / STYLE

Impressionism

Orchestral

Ballet

keyboard

Opera

Vocal Music

Concerto

GENRE

Classical

NOTABLE WORKS

“Boléro”

“The Child and the Enchantments”

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Bigraphy
Active (1960s - 2000s)
Terrence Mitchell (Terry Riley)

Life&Music

was born June 24, 1935 in Colfax, California,

American Composer

His work is deeply influenced by both  jazz and Indian classical Music

He began performing professionally as a solo pianist during the '50s;

by the middle of the decade, he was studying composition in San Francisco and Berkeley, where among his classmates was fellow minimalist innovator Monte Young.

In 1965 he move to New York and joined La Monte Young’sTheater of Enternal Music

1967 was the year of his first all night concert at the Philadelphia College of Art and he began a collaboration with visual artist Robert Benson resulting in more all night concerts.

Genre

Avant-Garde

Classical

Electronic

Jazz

Movemen&tStyles

Minimalism

Modern Composition

Tape Music

Chamber Music

Ambient

World Fusion

Avant-Garde Music

Keyboards

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Biography
Active(1960s - 2010s)

Stephen Michael Reich (Steve Reich)-20th Century, Contemporary

Life&Music

BORN;October 3, 1936 ,New York.

Married with Beryl Korot in  1976

He was a American composer who was one of the leading exponents of minimalism, a style based on repetitions and combinations of simple motifs and harmonies.

Reich is the son of an attorney and a singer-lyricist

He majored in philosophy at Cornell University (1953–57) and  then he studied composition at the Juilliard School  (formerly the Juilliard School of Music) before receiving a Master's Degree from Mill's College (1963), where his teachers included composers Darius Milhaud and Luciano Berio. Reich also played keyboard instruments and percussion. By 1966, when he formed his own ensemble, he was already creating minimalist compositions.

he studied African drumming in Ghana (1970), Balinesemgamelan usic in seattle and Berkeley, California (1973–74), and Middle Eastern chanting in New York City and Jerusalem (1976–77).

Reich’s early works include Four Organs (1970), for four electric organs  and maracas; Drumming (1971), for small tuned drums, marimbas, glockenspiels, two voices, whistling, an piccolo; and Clapping Music (1972), for two pairs of clapping hands

in 1976 he completed Music for 18 Musicians,

Genre

Classical

Avant-Garde

MOVEMENT / STYLE

Minimalism

Avant-Garde Music

Chamber Music

Tape Music

Vocal Music

AWARDS AND HONORS

Polar Music Prize (2007)

Praemium Imperiale (2006)

Grammy Award (1998)

Grammy Award(1989)

Pulitzer Prize

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Biography
Name; PHILIPS GLASS,American composer of innovative instrumental, vocal, and operatic music.

Life&Music

born on January 31, 1937, in Baltimore,

Glass took classes at the Peabody Institute’s conservatory and later studied at the University of Chicago and The Juilliard School. He also took up the violin and flute and began performing before reaching his teens.

He  graduated in 1956

traditional formal qualities as harmony, tempo, and melody in his music.

He began creating ensemble pieces in a monotonous and repetitive style.

In September 2015, President Barack Obama presented Glass with a National Medal of Arts.

MOVEMENT / STYLE

Minimalism

NOTABLE WORKS

"Concerto for saxophone Quartet and Orchestra"

"Violin Cocerto No.2"

"Words without Music"

AWARDS AND HONORS

National Medal Of Arts (2015)

Praemium Imperiale (2012)

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Biography
JOHN ADAM; The best American Composer. (Minimalist Compuser 20th Century).

Life&Music

Born in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1947, Adams grew up in New England.

married with Deborah O'Grady,

His was study  encouraged by his parents, and both of whom were amateur is musicians.

he studied clarinet with Felix Viscuglia, a member of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Adams also performed on the clarinet as the soloist

at Harvard University, where he enrolled in 1965, Adams studied composition with Leon Kirchner,

Adams was the first undergraduate in the history of Harvard University to be allowed to submit a musical composition

in 1972, He moved to San Francisco  to teach at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music until 1984.

Adams worked in an electronic music studio and was the conductor of the New Music Ensemble.

NOTEABLE WORKS;

Composer-in-residence, Marlboro Festival, 1970;

member of composition faculty, San Francisco Conservatory, 1972–82;

director and founder, 1978, of San Francisco Symphony's "New and Unusual Music" series;

composer-in-residence, San Francisco Symphony, 1982–85; 10-CD Earbox career retrospective released, 1999;

commissioned by New York Philharmonic Orchestra to compose On the Transmigration of Souls, 2002.

AWARS AND HONORS

Friends of Switzerland, Julius Stratton Prize, 1969;

Guggenheim Foundation fellowship, 1982;

Grammy Award for Nixon in China, 1987;

Grawemeyer Prize for Violin Concerto, 1995.