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Carbohydrate is a biological macro-molecule formed by carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1. General formula for carbohydrate is (CH2O)n.

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Carbohydrate with 3-7 carbons is called monosaccharide. There are many numbers of isomers (molecules with same formula but different structure) of monosaccharides such as fructose and glucose.

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Two monosaccharides bond with glycosidic bond to from disaccharides such as sucrose. It is called polysaccharides if many monosaccharides bond covalently. Example of polysaccharides is cellulose.

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A major function of the carbohydrate is to store accessible energy and provide it to the body when need. It is called the fuel of the body.

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Lipid is a biological macro-molecule formed by carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. There are less numbers of oxygen and more proportion of carbon-hydrogen bond.

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Composed of three fatty acid and one glycerol bonded with ester linkage. Triglyceride formed of saturated fatty acid (no double bond between carbon atoms) is solid at room temperature. Triglyceride formed of unsaturated fatty acid (1 or more double bond between carbon atoms) is liquid at room temperature.

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Composed of one glycerol, two fatty acids and one phosphate group with an R group. Head part of the phospolipid (phosphate and R group) is polar/hydrophilic. Tail part of the phospolipid (fatty acids) is non polar/hydrophobic. When placed in an aqueous environment, it forms lipid bilayer. Hydrophilic head faces the aqueous surrounding and the hydrophobic tails directed towards the centre.

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Composed of four attached carbon-based rings. Cholesterol, testosterone and estrogen are examples of steroid. Cholesterol is a component of cell membrane and decreases cell fluidity. Testosterone and estrogen regulates sexual function in males and females.

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Lipid stores energy but it is not accessible by the cells. Phospolipids are the main component of cell membrane.

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Protein is a biological macro-molecule formed by amino acids. Amino acid is made up of a hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl group, R group and a central carbon. The R group determines the function of each amino acid. Different organization of amino acids produce different proteins.

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Composed of many amino acids. Amino acids are bonded covalently by peptide bonds. Protein is made up of one or more polypeptides.

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There are four levels of protein organization; primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.

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Composed one polypeptide. It is a linear shape with amino acids covalently bonded.

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Composed one polypeptide. It has Beta plated sheet (amino acids forming parallel lines) and Alpha Helix (amino acids appears to be in a swirl shape). Main bonds include covalent and hydrogen bonds.

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Composed of one polypeptide. Similar to secondary proteins but has 3D shape. (Globular). Main bonds include covalent, hydrogen, ionic, hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bridges.

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Composed of two or more polypeptides. It has globular or fibrous shape. Main bonds are same as tertiary proteins.

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Proteins have various function in body. It :
1.  Acts as biological catalyst
2. Transports substances around the body
3. Provides structure
4. Enables movement
5. Carries cellular messages
6. Fights infections