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The introduction just talks about Australia's location. Absolute location, relative location, the hemispheres, and just the overall location.

Relative location is the location of something in relation to something else.

Absolute location is the exact location of something.

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In section two it talks about how Australia is the only country in the world that is also a continent. It also says that over 200 million years ago,  the world used to be one big supercontinent called Pangaea. (Which means 'all lands' in Greek) The continental drift theory says that eventually the supercontinent split apart and is now the seven continents we know today.

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It also talks about Australia's biodiversity. From Koalas to kookaburras there is a very wide range of animals in Australia. About 80 percent of the continent's plants and animals are found nowhere else on Earth. This is because Australia broke away from other landmasses about 50 million years ago and slowly drifted to its present location. During that time, its plants and animals developed in isolation. Until modern times, few species arrived from other places to add to Australia's biodiversity. In the 1800's, Australia became a colony of Britain and colonists began to bring exotic species to Australia and the foreign plants and animals began to compete with the native ones. Over time, many animals have become extinct and endangered.

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In 1770 the British found Australia which was already inhabited by Aborigines. (Australia's ancient and native people) The Aborigines cared very much about the land but the British didn't. The British had been sending all of their prisoners to America because they were in control but when America gained their independence in 1783, this created a problem for British prisons which were overflowing. So they started to use Australia because it was isolated. In 1868, they brought the first group of prisoners to form the first European colony in Australia. When gold was found in Australia, people started moving there for long term living and Aborigines started dying and they getting pushed farther back and now there is only about 400,000 natives on the island. Though Australia is now a independent country, Australians still have a strong British connection.

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33.4 NEW RELATIONSHIPS WITH NEAR NEIGHBORS

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33.4 NEW RELATIONSHIPS WITH NEAR NEIGHBORS

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When Australia gained independence, they developed the "white Australia" immigration policy. Those who wanted to move to Australia had to pass a test and mostly only white Europeans passed. But that ended in the 1970's. Now there are over 21 million people living in Australia and one in every four was born in a different country. Australia welcomes almost 200,000 immigrants a year and more than half come from Asia. Australia is now very diverse with lots of new cultures and ways of life. Australia now trades mostly with Asian countries instead of European countries. Australia has come a long way since it was under Britain's rule.

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When I think Christmas and New Years, I think of winter. And what do you think of when you think of winter? Cold! Snow! The coldest season of the year! Well when of Australians think of Christmas and New Years, they think the opposite. They think of winter in a different way; Hot, beach, the hottest season of the year. Australians have reversed seasons because they are in the southern hemisphere. You may think this is no big deal or maybe even an inconvenience but its actually and advantage for Australia. They have more tourism because people in the northern countries all want to go somewhere warm for the winter and Australia is the perfect place! Also, fruits can ripen in the summer in America and can be sent down to Australia during their cold season and vice versa.(Below is new years in Sydney, Australia)

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Australia is home to MANY of the worlds most unusual species. There are LOTS of poisonous animals and plants. Since Australia is set apart from the rest of the world, its wildlife developed in isolation and because of its varying climates, Australia's wildlife is adapted to various climates. In 33.4 it talked about how Great Britain came over to Australia. Well they didn't just bring people. They brought plants and animals too. Intentionally and unintentionally. Now since these species were not native, they had no predators. So these were called exotic species and a lot of them, rabbits for example, adapted really well to their new habitat. So they multiplied and they were taking up so much space and food that they caused some native species to become endangered and go extinct.  A small marsupial called the bilby is an example of a native in danger. Because of competition from rabbits, it may die out.

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Australia's night sky is clear most of the year and people can easily find stars. One Australian man has spotted 39 supernovas by just using a 16 inch telescope. That is 39 more than many astronomers. Despite having much more powerful telescopes, many  have not spotted even one exploding star. How can this man see what so many astronomers miss? His location gives him a big advantage. There are several constellations, or groups of stars, that are visible only in the Southern Hemisphere. One of these is the Southern Cross, or Crux. Its bright stars are important to sailors. Since ancient times, they have used the Crux to find their way in the South Pacific.

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The lowest layer of the atmosphere contains the air we breathe. The next layer up contains a gas called ozone which is invisible and keeps UV rays from getting to the Earth. Ultraviolet rays can cause sunburn, skin and eye cancer. In 1985, scientists figured out that the ozone layer above Antarctica was thinning. Part of this ozone hole has moved north over nearby Australia. The loss of ozone is caused mainly by chemicals called chloro-fluorocarbons (CFCs)When the ozone hole was discovered, CFCs were widely used in aerosol spray cans, refrigerators, and ACs. When released into the air, CFCs destroy ozone. Since 1985, the use of CFCs have been reduced. The ozone hole should be slowly shrinking and by 2050, could be gone completely. Aussies are used to sunbathing and outdoor activities but now because of the ozone hole, they have to be a lot more careful. 2 out of 3 Australians are now likely to develop skin cancer in their lifetime. Australia's government is working to prevent cancer. Advertisements advise Aussies to “slip, slop, slap” before they go out in the sun. This means to “slip” on a shirt, “slop” on some sunscreen, and “slap” on a hat to protect their skin. There are also “no-hat, play-in-the-shade” rules, students cannot go outside to play at recess if they are not wearing a hat.

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Many things have been copied and pasted from teachtci.com