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contenent -a principal / HUGE landmasson earth , earth has 7
latitude - parallel lines around the earth
longitude - lines that run from the north pole to the south pole
hemispheres - two parts of the earth divided by the equator (northern and southern )
prime meridian - the line that connects the north pole and the south pole
equator - imaginaty line that diviedes the earth
map key - (or legend ) - explains the symbles on the map
scales - used on maps as a tool for measuring distance

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nomad - person who regularly moves from place to place in search of food
specalization - the development of diferent kinds of jobs
domestication - to tame animals and plans for human use
city - state independent state made up of a city and the surounding land and viliges
cuneform - sumerian system of writing made up of wedge shaped markings
mesopotamia - land between tigris and euphrates rivers

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tigris and euphrates flooded leaving fertile soil
unpreddictable flooding
crops were irrigated
irrigation is a method of bringing water to a feild from another place to water crops

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sumer religion - polytheistic (many gods )built temples called ziggerates to honor their gods

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three classes of people - upper , middle , and lower
upper - king , priests , goverment  officials , and scribes
middle  - artisans , merchants , farmers and fishers
lower - slaves

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sumers greatest invention was a writing called cuniform
a few people learned to write they were called scribes scribes were record keepers
invented the sailboat , wheel , bronze , levees , and numbers bassed on 60

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cuniform - system of writing that was made up of wedge shaped markings

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hammurabis code - first writen laws

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pharaoh - all powerfull king in anncent egypt
polytheistic  - belife in many gods
mummy - a body tightly wrapped in linen strps
diety -  god or godess
papyrus - reed plant of the nile valley used to make a form of paper

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two narrow  strips of farmland along the sides of the nile river valley

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delta marshes
deserts
cataracts

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were polytheistc