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The French had been active in Southeast Asia since the 17th century. But during the rule of an anti-Christianity emperor and several missionaries were killed, the French army invaded the Vietnamese. Laos and Cambodia were added among their territories. A famine started because much of the food was sold instead of consumed.

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The East India Trading company drove the British Empire into Asia. The Company had a profitable opium trade from China. The Company had acquired many new territories after its alliance with the Royal Navy. The Company was able to put down rebellions of Indian soldiers under British command. England made Queen Victoria the Empress of India and took full control over the country.

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After the Spanish-American War in 1898, America acquired the Philippine Islands, Puerto Rico, and Guam. The Filipino Nationalists fought against the imperialism, but were defeated in 1902. Americans promised the Philippine people they were preparing them for self- rule. Railroads, bridges, roads and hospitals were built. American businesses promoted the growing of cash crops, which led to food shortages.

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Governments and businesses sought to make money from their ventures. Countries had economic reasons to imperialize. Countries needed resources to industrialize, so they used imperialism to take over resources without trading. Countries also had political/military reasons to imperialize. Countries needed naval bases for their warships. Having control over certain islands gave them tactical advantages. There were religious reasons as well. Missionaries wanted to convert people in other countries to Christianity. They wanted to better the lives of others they thought were living in poor conditions.

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The United States needed the Hawaiian islands for a naval military base and to gain their natural resources. Queen Liliuokalani resisted them, but they succeeded in a takeover of the government. Grover Cleveland wanted to give the Queen back her power, but the majority of congress voted for the annexation of Hawaii. Hawaii was not made a state until 1959.