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Camera obscura (from Latin, meaning “darkened room”) is a device in a shape of a box or a room that lets the light through a small opening on one side and projects it on the other. In this simple variant, image that is outside of the box is projected upside-down. More complex cameras can use mirrors to project image upwards and right-side up and they can also have lenses. Camera obscura is used as an aid for drawing and entertainment.

Camera obscura is a very old device. Oldest mention of its effect is by Mozi, Chinese philosopher and the founder of Mohism, during the 5th century BC. He noticed that an image from camera obscura is flipped upside down and from left to right as a result of light’s moving in straight line. The Greek philosopher Aristotle noticed in 4th century that light from a sun eclipse that passes through holes between the leaves, projects an image of an eclipsed sun on the ground. Passing of light in the straight line also noticed Euclid 4th century BC and Theon of Alexandria in 4th century AD. Anthemius of Tralles, which designed the Hagia Sophia, used a type of camera obscura in his experiments in 6th century. Al-Kindi, Arab philosopher, mathematician, physician, and musician, performed experiments with light and a pinhole in 9th century and proved again behavior of light.

All these scientists experimented with a small hole and light but none of them suggested that a screen is used so an image from one side of a hole in surface could be projected at the screen on the other. First one to do so was Alhazen (also known as Ibn al-Haytham) in 11th century. He was a scientist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher, he wrote the Book of Optics and, among other things, he invented camera obscura and pinhole camera. At about the same time, Chinese scientist Shen Kuo experimented with a camera obscura. He described it geometrically and even used it explain some effects that were mentioned couple centuries ago but were attributed to the geographic characteristics of the area. As described by Roger Bacon, English philosopher, camera obscura was used in 13th century for safe observation of sun eclipse. Arnaldus de Villa Nova, an alchemist, astrologer and physician, used camera obscura at the same time as a projector for entertainment. Artists started using camera obscura in 15th century. Leonardo da Vinci talks about camera obscura in his “Codex Atlanticus”, a twelve-volume bound set of his drawings and writings where he also talked about flying machines, weaponry and musical instruments. Giambattista della Porta, Italian scholar, improved camera obscura by adding it a lens at the place where light enters the box. He also used camera obscura to explain how human eye works. German astronomer Johannes Kepler uses term “camera obscura” for the first time in history in 1604. Johann Zahn, writer of "Oculus Artificialis Teledioptricus Sive Telescopium”, writes in his book in 17th century about camera obscura and magic lantern among other optical instruments. In 18th century Conte Francesco Algarotti writes his book “Saggio sopra Pittura” and dedicates a whole chapter to the use of camera obcura (or how he calls it “camera ottica” ("optic chamber")) in painting.

from: http://www.photographyhistoryfacts.com/photography-development-history/camera-obscura-history/

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Animation - as we might understand it as a technical process of synthesising motion from a series of static images - precedes the invention of the cinematograph by several decades. It has its roots in the numerous parlour-game toys popular in the early 1800s which experimented with persistence of vision effect known as the Phi phenomenon.

One device of the times which demonstrated this effect was the Thaumatrope accredited to three different people, Dr Fitton of London, Peter Roget and/or London physicist John Ayrton Paris. However it is known that Paris used his device to show the Phi phenomenon to the Royal College of Physicians in 1824. Its consisted of a disc with an image painted on each side. When the disc was spun by pulling on a twisted pair of strings, the images seemed to be combined - a bird on one side of the disc would appear in the empty cage on the other side. 'Trope' comes from the Greek word for 'things that turn'. 'Thauma' means wondrous, therefore a thaumatrope is a 'turning marvel' or 'wonder turner'.

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The Praxinoscope is a typical optical toy from the 19th century. It consists of a cylinder and a strip of paper showing twelve frames for animation. As the cylinder rotates, stationary mirrors in the centre reveal a ‘single image’ in motion.
The Praxinoscope was invented in 1876 by Charles-Émile Reynaud (1844-1918), a Paris science teacher, who marked all his examples ‘E.R.’. The toy became a great commercial success and won recognition at the great exhibitions of the period.

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The magic lantern was invented in the 1600’s, probably by Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch scientist. It was the earliest form of slide projector and has a long and fascinating history. The first magic lanterns were illuminated by candles, but as technology evolved they were lit by increasingly powerful means.

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Shadow play, also known as shadow puppetry, is an ancient form of storytelling and entretainment which uses flat articulated cut-out figures (shadow puppets) which are held between a source of light and a translucent screen or scrim. The cut-out shapes of the puppets sometimes include translucent color or other types of detailing. Various effects can be achieved by moving both the puppets and the light source. A talented puppeteer can make the figures appear to walk, dance, fight, nod and laugh.

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In typography, a serif is the little extra stroke found at the end of main vertical and horizontal strokes of some letterforms. Serifs fall into various groups and can be generally described as hairline (hair), square (slab), or wedge and are either bracketed or unbracketed.

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A sans-serif, sans serif, gothic, or simply sans letterform is one that does not have extending features called "serifs" at the end of strokes. Sans-serif fonts tend to have less line width variation than serif fonts. In most print, they are often used for headings rather than for body text. They are often used to convey simplicity and modernity or minimalism.

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Two or more letters combined into one character make a ligature. In typography some ligatures represent specific sounds or words such as the AE or æ diphthong ligature. Other ligatures are primarily to make type more attractive on the page such as the fl and fi ligatures. In most cases, a ligature is only available in extended characters sets or special expert sets of fonts.

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In typography, the x-height or corpus size is the distance between the baseline and the mean line of lower-case letters in a typeface. Typically, this is the height of the letter x in the font (the source of the term), as well as the v, w, and z. (Curved letters such as a, c, e, m, n, o, r, s, and u tend to exceed the x-height slightly, due to overshoot.) One of the most important dimensions of a font, x-height is used to define how high lower-case letters are compared to upper-case letters.

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Refers to the height of a capital letter above the baseline for a particular typeface. It specifically refers to the height of capital letters that are flat—such as H or I—as opposed to round letters such as O, or pointed letters like A, both of which may display overshoot. The height of the small letters is referred to as x-height.

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The curved part of the character that encloses the circular or curved parts (counter) of some letters such as d, b, o, D, and B is the bowl. Some sources call any parts of a letter enclosing a space a bowl, including both parts of a double-storey g and the straight stem on a D or B. The curved strokes of a C are sometimes also referred to as bowls although they aren’t closed.

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The upward vertical stem on some lowercase letters, such as h and b, that extends above the x-height is the ascender. The height of the ascenders is an identifying characteristic of many typefaces.

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The definition of leading is: the distance between two baselines of lines of type. The word ‘leading’ originates from the strips of lead hand-typesetters used to use to space out lines of text evenly. The word leading has stuck, but essentially it’s a typographer’s term for line spacing.

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Is the process of adjusting the spacing between characters in a proportional font, usually to achieve a visually pleasing result. Kerning adjusts the space between individual letter forms, while tracking (letter-spacing) adjusts spacing uniformly over a range of characters. In a well-kerned font, the two-dimensional blank spaces between each pair of characters all have a visually similar area.

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A pica is a hair less than 1/6 inch, and contains 12 points. Picas are typically used to represent fixed horizontal measurements, most often column width. They are commonly used when designing newspapers, magazines, newsletters, and ads. Picas are designated with the letter p, such as 16p. For instance, the standard width for one column of text on a three-column grid on an 8.5" x 11" document is 14 picas and 4 points, or 14p4.

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A point is equal to 1/72 inch. To be extremely precise, 1 point is equal to .013836 inch, so 72 points are actually .996264 inch. For practical purposes, this is rounded up. Points are the measurement most commonly used in print to indicate the size of type, as well as the space between lines, referred to as line spacing or leading. In some instances, points are also used to measure the width and depth of a column. Points are routinely abbreviated as ‘pt’; typographers and typesetters have traditionally specified a given type setting as 12/16, to indicate 12 point type with 16 point leading.

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Dashes come in two sizes—the en dash and the em dash. The em dash (—) is typically about as wide as a capital H. The en dash (–) is about half as wide.

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I have noticed that I have a lot of yellow stuff at home, I was pretty lost on what my collection could be about, so that´s a great way to stop thinking and start working

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I found some interesting stuff just going a little on the internet, this one is from Picasso.

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There are some Other artists that plays with monochrome.

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There are some Other artists that plays with monochrome.

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I´ve got the J letter, not really happy with it but let´s see what can I find from it...

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J is the tenth letter in the modern English alphabet. Its normal name is Jay

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Taken from Wikipedia.
The letter J originated as a swash letter I, used for the letter I at the end of Roman numerals when following another I, as in XXIIJ or xxiij instead of XXIII or xxiii for the Roman numeral representing 23. A distinctive usage emerged in Middle High Germann. Gian Giorgio Trissino (1478–1550) was the first to explicitly distinguish I and J as representing separate sounds, in his Ɛpistola del Trissino de le lettere nuωvamente aggiunte ne la lingua italiana ("Trissino's epistle about the letters recently added in the Italian language") of 1524. Originally, 'I' and 'J' were different shapes for the same letter, both equally representing /i/, /iː/, and /j/; but, Romance languages developed new sounds (from former /j/and /ɡ/) that came to be represented as 'I' and 'J'; therefore, English J, acquired from the French J, has a sound value quite different from /j/ (which represents the initial sound in the English word "yet").
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/J

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I´m looking for talk about the influence that´s happening and some people don´t realize it.

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I´m looking for talk about the influence that´s happening and some people don´t realize it.

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image from: https://www.google.com.br/search?q=you+are+being+influenced&num=50&rlz=1C1CHBD_pt-BRBR763BR763&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2m-7tmcfaAhVGEZAKHfbUCKgQ_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih=588#imgrc=55M-9yozkyZhcM:

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Eleanor Roosevelt,  American politician, diplomat and activist.

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Eleanor Roosevelt,  American politician, diplomat and activist.

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"You can never really live anyone else's life, not even your child's. The influence you exert is through your own life, and what you've become yourself."

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When do thoughts subside? When you know that there is nothing to think about. Thoughts arise as a defence against an attack. If there is a problem, only then you need to think of the solution. If there is no problem, there is no need to think. And remember there is nothing that is de-facto a problem. You call something a problem only when you do not understand it. The moment somebody is able to disturb your composure, he has already become your master. Now, there is no point talking of internalizing or external thoughts. He has already entered you, he is already sitting in your head, and that’s too bad, right?
https://www.quora.com/Why-am-I-easily-influenced-by-other-people-and-how-can-I-change-that

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Tedx Talks: Influence in Social Media Networks

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Tedx Talks: Influence in Social Media Networks

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7anWJl48M6I

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https://br.pinterest.com/pin/501518108489502901/

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https://www.flickr.com/photos/sharonpazner/4986697437

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After comparing the 60 pics that we got, the first part of the week was destined by working on a handmade filter (lenses) to our cameras/phones. I googled about handmade lenses and found different ways of doing it.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kod0QHB-b5A

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kRIG0sVwy0

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Use a Dab of Vaseline to Take Vintage-Style Photos

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Use a Dab of Vaseline to Take Vintage-Style Photos

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https://lifehacker.com/5624416/use-a-dab-of-vaseline-to-take-vintage-style-photos

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On Thursday we could work on the 25 pics that we brought, I couldn´t research about it before the task, so, today I´ll look to be prepared for tomorrow, we have to make a 2D picture become a 3D sculpture.

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That´s hard, but the idea could be molded...

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That´s hard, but the idea could be molded...

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I loved to see how Monique takes his works to a level that I want, starting her seminar, she told us that she likes to variate what she´s doing, like making drawings, collages, working with serigraphy (she has a bicycle which she uses to help her on a serigraphy project).
She showed us some life projects, it was really interesting for me because I don´t want to spend my whole life on the same kind of work.

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I´m thinking to talk about feelings, I really feel that nowadays people just lost their minds on how to be human and not a robot.
I was looking at the names of artists in the brief, and I found something that could be useful for me, it was from Mr. Bingo - Valentines Cards
https://mr.bingo/valentines-cards/

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The first fanzine in history was from Sar Treck (just found interesting)

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The first fanzine in history was from Sar Treck (just found interesting)

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The first media fanzine was a Star Trek fan publication called Spockanalia, published in September 1967 by members of the Lunarians. Some of the earliest examples of academic fandom were written on Star Trek zines, specifically, Kirk/Spock slash zines, which displayed a queer relationship between the two.

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I came to Ebac looking for became an illustrator, as soon as the induction weeks has ended, I realized that I really like to work on different kinds of projects, like sculptures, collages, posters, etc...
At this point, I´m sure that I want to be a graphic designer, I don´t remember when it happens, but it was a lecture about it, I saw what a graphic designer is capable of, and that amazes me.

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A few months ago, I have seen a commercial video from Japan, they were selling a holographic wife wich you could buy and put in your home to talk with you, she (the hologram) also has an application to your phone for when you are not at home, so you could still talk to your bot wife, that´s just sound so sad to me...