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MILITARISM - Militarism is the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests. An example of militarism that was a cause of the war was the event in which Germany and Great Britain competed to have a better navy. Kaiser William II of Germany saw that Great Britain had the largest navy. This led to him, him increasing the German navy and starting the production of many warships. In response to this, the British began to do the same as they saw what had just begun. This began a competition and tension between the two nations.

ALLIANCES - An alliance is a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations. An example of some alliances before the war, (basically to explain how this was a cause,) were the alliances that took place between Germany and Austria-Hungary, alliances that involved Italy, and many more countries. The Powers were worried about being attacked by each other. To counter this alliances were formed. Germany made a secret alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1879. Three years later Italy joined this Dual Alliance to form the Triple Alliance because it was annoyed with France for stopping its plans to colonize North Africa. The rest of the Great Powers became increasingly worried about the strength of the Triple Alliance. Believing they could be defeated by Germany, Austria and Italy acting together. France and Russia agreed to help each other if attacked. Britain was worried because it had no allies among the Powers, but it was not prepared to ally with Germany after the Boer War. In 1904 France and Britain were prepared to forget their previous quarrels and enter an agreement. Finally in 1907 France brought all three nations together to form the Triple Entente. The Alliance System was definitely a prominent cause of WWI. If Germany hadn't allied with Austria-Hungary the war might've been averted. In conclusion, the alliances that were made during this time were also causes of the war, especially because if it weren't for the spark, Germany who had crafted an alliance with Austria-Hungary, wouldn't have had to fight in the war. When Germany joined the war as well, it gave reason for the other major powers to have excuse to attack them in particular because of the other reasons for tensions.

IMPERIALISM - Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. In short, colonization by a country on others. Concerning Imperialism, European countries had been taking over colonies throughout the world since the fifteenth century. From 1870 on there was an unwritten competition to take over parts of the world they had earlier considered not worth colonizing. Britain and France, and Germany and France had almost gone to war over clashes in North Africa. Italy resented France because they prevented the setting up of Italian colonies, and the British and Russians clashed over who should have control in Persia (modern Iran), but were both worried that Germany would take land in the Middle East. When WWI began, the focus war mainly placed on Germany. While they were busy fighting the war, on the other side of things they had also taken away all of Germany's colonies at the very same time to "weaken" Germany, but also for themselves.

NATIONALISM - Nationalism is a patriotic feeling for ones country. An extreme form of this, is being especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries. Nationalism was actually the spark that started the war itself. Nationalists were so proud of their nation that they wanted it to be the richest and most important - and recognized as such. Such strong feelings made the countries very aggressive towards other nations and quite unforgiving if their nation had been offended. It was nationalism that encouraged Givrilo Princip to shoot dead the Austrian heir. Nationalism greatly blew up the tension and had an influence in causing WWI.

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Nations in the Central Powers included:
• Austria-Hungary.
• Germany.
• Bulgaria.
&
• The Ottoman Empire.

Nations in the Allied Powers included:
• Britain. (The United Kingdom now.)
• France.
• Russia.
• Serbia.
&
• The United States.

There was a total of 32 nations who fought in the war, but these were the major countries to fight in the war.

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The Axis Powers included:
• Germany.
• Italy.
&
• Japan.

The Allied Powers included:
• Britain.
• France.
• Australia.
• Canada.
• New Zealand.
• India.
• The Soviet Union. (Later when they fall, it's Russia pretty much and then a few others like Ukraine and Belarus.)
• China.
&
• The United States.

There were a total of 102 nations fought in WWII, but these were the major countries to fight in the war.

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The alliances are included above in the Europe map. Each post only allows you to have one photograph so I made another whole post just for the Pacific picture. Enjoy.

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Trench warfare was a  form of land warfare first introduced in 1914 during World War I. Soldiers fought each other from the trenches. The space between the opposing trenches was called "no man's land"; this was considered a highly dangerous zone because there was no protection in the middle zone.

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Treaty of Versailles
*The Treaty was signed on June 28,1919 between Germany & the allied powers
*Major decisions were taken by the Big Four:Woodrow Wilson-United States, Georges Clemenceau-France, David Lloyd George-Britain, & Vittorio Orlando-Italy

A Flawed Treaty
*Russia was not represented & neither was Germany & its allies
*Germany was punished-lost substantial territory & had severe restrictions placed on its military operations, placed sole responsibility for the war on Germany-payed for reparations

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United Nations
*In June 1945 the United States & the Soviet Union join 48 other countries to form the United Nations intended to protect the members against aggression
*the General assembly could cast a vote on different issues

Nuremberg Trials
*From 1945-1946 the International Military tribunal representing 23 nations put Nazi war criminals on trial in Nuremberg ,Germany
*22 Nazi leaders were charged with waging a war of aggression 7 accused of committing crimes against humanity with the murder of 11 million people

Marshall Plan
*In 1947 the U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall proposed that the U.S. give aid to needy European countries-providing food, machinery, & other materials to rebuild Western Europe

Human Rights
*In 1940 the United Nations issued the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which set human rights standards for all nations
*The United Nations & other international agencies identify & publicize human rights violations

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The Spark of WW1 started when a 19 year-old Serbian named Gavrilo Princip killed the "Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke  Franz Ferdinand and his wife. This incident made Austria take advantage of Serbia by making them do a number of demands for Austria. He was a Serbian nationalist that believed if he killed the king that Austria would get off of Serbian land.  Soon, Austria declared war against Serbia and rulers in Europe noticed and spread horrific changes across the globe. There was distinctions between WW1. There was one side known as the Central Powers and the other side known as the Allied Powers. Austria-Hungary was part of the Central Powers that included Germany, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. Serbia was part of the Allied Powers that included France, Russia and Great Britain. World War 1 started on July 28, 1914 and ended on November 11, 1918.

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MILITARISM=The outbreak of war in Europe in September 1939 encouraged the Japanese leadership to consider expanding military and political influence into Southeast Asia. Japan urgently needed the region’s natural resources, including oil and rubber, for its war effort. In 1940, after France and the Low Countries (Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands) had fallen to the Germans, the government of Prime Minister Konoe Fumimaro announced Japan’s intention to build a “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere,” a self-sufficient economic and political bloc under Japanese leadership.
ALLIANCES-The main Allied powers were Great Britain, The United States, China, and the Soviet Union.The main Axis powers were Germany, Japan and Italy. The Axis leaders were Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy), and Emperor Hirohito (Japan).
some ups or advantages were Access to materials/ resources that might not be available in your country'  "strength in numbers" if you have a powerful ally then you are less likely to be attacked
financial support. some downs or Cons were you might have to bail out your ally and it could be costly.
you could get dragged into armed warfare because your ally asks you to.
IMPERIALISM = Along with colonialism and nationalism, imperialism was one of the main ideologies leading to World War I. By the eve of World War II, two participants of World War I, Germany and Japan, were slowly gaining power as imperialist countries. Both countries were eager for even greater control and eventually launched a war that resulted in many lost lives and caused waves of chaos throughout the world. Both Germany and Japan were eager to create a “space for their ‘race’ to expand into and develop” so that they could establish vast empires in Europe and Asia, respectively (Spencer, 2013). In Germany, Hitler and his National Socialist Party rose to power, and their main idea of Nazism became the basis of German imperialism. It was Hitler’s desire to expand his country and establish an extensive empire of “living space” (lebensraum) in Eastern Europe. Additionally, they saw Jews as inferior race and implemented the “Final Solution,” which resulted in the mass murder of all Jews in Europe. Likewise, Japan’s ambition was to create a “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” by dominating its neighboring countries. The Meiji Restoration opened the Japanese people’s eyes to the world of advanced technology and established order. They adopted the western concept of Social Darwinism, believing that they were the strongest and the most favored race in Asia.
NATIONALISM=Much of the origin of the war was based on the desire of the Slavic peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina to no longer be part of Austria Hungary but instead be part of Serbia. In this way, nationalism led directly to the War. But more generally, nationalism in various countries throughout Europe contributed not only to the beginning but the extension of the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove their dominance and power.

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The Spark of World War 2 started when Germany invaded Poland in 1939. When Germany allied with Russia, Germany wanted to make a surprise attack on Poland for territory. Germany used their newest technologies on Poland and took their enemy by surprise and won. Great Britain and France declared war on Germany after the invasion on Poland because they did not believe that Hitler just wanted land from Poland. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Japan attacked the United States because the United States figured out Japan's "secret codes" and knew about their plans to attack Southeast Asia. Another reason Japan attacked the U.S is because the president of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, planned to, "cut off oil shipments to Japan." Japan's allies, Italy and Germany declared war on the United States which forced them to enter World War 2.

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Total war is when a governments full attention is put on supplying and winning a war. They do this by devoting all their economic resources to the cause and taking over the economy. They change facilities into munitions factories, Rationing was used to distribute the short supply of food and goods they had. Propaganda was also used to gain support of the war.
Factors allies used to win

Allies used nationalism, militarism, and mobilizing the war (total war) to win. By making this a total war they needed propaganda in order to gain support for the war and the major changes it was causing back home. This made it seem if anyone didn't support the war in anyway they were seen as unpatriotic and a threat. The way people supported the war was by buying war bonds, rationing, working in a factory that made resources for the war, recycling resources, and fighting in the war itself.

New rights/freedom women gained

Since everyone was put to work to support the war women were also included. Since men were all fighting the war women were able to be in the work force. They worked in factories, offices, and shops. Some were also in war working as nurses and supplied soldiers with food. This changed what people thought women were capable of and disrupted traditonal social patterens. Womens working for the war influenced womens right to vote and women's suffrage became a law in many countries. Beside political changes women started getting bob haircuts, wearing makeup, wore shorter and loser garments. They also started to drink, smoke, and drive in public. New careers were sought for women's professions in medicine, education, journalism, and others increased.

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8.5 million soldiers were killed, 21 million wounded and many civilians also died due to disease, violence, and starvation. As the war started to wind down there was an outbreak of influenza, also known as the flu. Before influenza is only took the lives of the elderly and children. But in 1918 it became stronger. 1918 was the year that the world was at peace, but the year that a 5th if the words population died due to influenza.
WWII
Both sides land were affected by the war. All of the bombing left parts of both places in ruins. People had to live in homes damaged by the bombing, and some even had to find shelter in caves. There was not a big enough food and water supply for all  of them. Europe's transportation system was destroyed. Old ways of government were being rejected and civilians wanted new leadership.
WWI and WWII
During WWI Armenians in Turkey were deported out of turkey. Many women and children died on the rough journey of their deportation. If they made it past the ride they would be separated into small units. WWII there was the Holocaust, which was the mass murder and imprisonment of Jews by Germans forced by Hitler. Both groups were treated this way because of their race, religion or language.

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Poison gas was first introduced by Germany. Poison gas had multiple effects on people like:

blindness

severe blisters

death by choking

Therefore soldiers had to wear gas masks.

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The Maxim Machine gun was invented by Hiram Maxim. The Maxim Machine gun was able to shoot 550-600 rounds per minute.

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The tank was first introduced by the British in the Battle of the Somme. The tank is designed to be a combat vehicle, the outside is armored and it has chain tracks to make it easy to cross most terrain.

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The submarine was introduced in 1914 by the Germans. The submarine's primary weapon was the torpedo.

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The first military plane was used to drop bombs, and later on machine guns were operated on the planes.

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Blitzkrieg also known as "lighting war", was a German military tactic used as a surprise attack and was meant to be quick to cause disorganization on enemy forces.

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The U.S was the first to use nuclear weapons by  dropping two bombs on Japan. The bombs  caused severe damage and radioactivity.