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Also known as circular reasoning
Definition: You present your claim or topic with evidence that already assumes it's true.

Ex 1: The death Penalty is wrong because killing people is wrong.

Ex 2:  God is real because the bible says so, and the bible is from God.

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This fallacy consists in assuming that because two things are alike in one or more respects, they are necessarily alike in some other respect.
Ex 1: Oz making us read the Great Gatsby in a week is like Felderman barricading the bathroom.
Ex 2: Laia being discriminated as an immigrant is like Tyler being discriminated as a gay.

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offering weak or inadequate evidence to support a conclusion
Ex 1: Playing sports makes people aggressive. Look at all those fights at hockey and basketball games!
Ex 2: Students on the speech team are the teachers' favorites because almost all of them get good grades.

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Substituting a person’s actual position or argument with a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of the position of the argument.

Ex 1: Senator Smith says that the nation should not add to the defense budget. Senator Jones says that he cannot believe that Senator Smith wants to leave the nation defenseless.
Ex 2: Caroline says that she thinks her friends should not be so rude to the new girl. Jenna says that she cannot believe that Caroline is choosing to be better friends with the new girl than the girls who have always known her.

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Definition: A conclusion that does not follow the previous statement. It is informal reasoning.
Ex. 1 Everyone on the speech team made all state. Oz is in charge of the speech team. She should run for president.
Ex. 2 Some old grandmas like to sew. You need needles to sew. Therefore, needle filled pillows in the nursing home would be ideal.

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Either you're this or your not.
Ex 1: Either you're with us or you're against us.
Ex 2: Come to school or die.

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When a relatively insignificant event turns into a more significant event which turns into a more significant event and so on.
Ex 1: We cannot unlock our child from the closet because if we do, she will want to roam the house.  If we let her roam the house, she will want to roam the neighborhood.  If she roams the neighborhood, she will get picked up by a stranger in a van, who will sell her in a sex slavery ring in some other country.  Therefore, we should keep her locked up in the closet.
Ex 2: We can't allow our parents to sleep in because if we do, we will miss school and if we miss school, we will never get a job, and then we will join a drug cartel. Therefore, parents can't sleep in.

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Persuasive technique and a type of propaganda through which a writer persuades his readers, so that the majority could agree with the argument of the writer. He does this by suggesting that, since the majority agrees, the reader should too.

EX 1: Cathy is opposed to social media because she would rather have a face-to-face conversation. However, more and more of Cathy's friends have joined social media sites, so Cathy feels like she needs to create an account as well.

EX 2: During the obstacle course, Tanner believes that going left will get them out of the maze, but everyone else thinks they should go right. So, Tanner goes with the group.

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Definition: They introduce a new topic during the argument to divert your attention.
Ex 1: I don’t think that there should be marriage among homosexuals. Anyway, taxes on married people are high.
Ex 2: Cutest Baby contests are rigged. Also, I think it smelt like dirty diaper in that building.
justin

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of an argument or reaction directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.

EX 1: A lawyer attacking a defendant’s character rather than addressing or questioning based on the case – in a case of theft pointing out the defendant’s level of poverty.

EX 2: Jimmy got a bad grade on the test and blamed the teacher because the teacher is stupid.

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Ally
Definition:  Saying that if most people believe it then it must be true.

EX: If the wrestling team got first place at the tournament then they must be good.

EX 2: If JoAnna got an A on a test she must be smart.

Ex 3: If JoAnna falls on the ice she must be clumsy.

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-When you attempt to make an argument by beginning with an assumption that what you are trying to prove is already true

Ex 1: Oz believes the Bible is true, because the Bible says to never doubt the Lord (The Bible)

Ex 2: Karley invites Tyler to her party because it would not be nice to not invite Tyler

Ex 3: Tiffany thinks it's okay to destroy property when she's angry because angry people destroy things

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Definition - Claiming that something is caused by something else simply because it happened after what you are claiming caused it.

Ex 1: We added more water bottle fillers in the school, and now kids are reporting feeling more respected in group projects.

Ex 2:

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Definition: Using fear to persuade people to agree with your point of view.
Ex 1: If Ally parks in the teacher's lot,  she will move her car to an appropriate parking space, walk miles in 20 degree weather and likely die of hypothermia.

Ex 2:
If you eat in the Freshman Hallway, you will die.
JoAnna Voss

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Hannah Wenger
Definition: Using sources that do not have a concrete link or credibility with the topic.
Example 1) If Ms. Abby Osborne tells me "When using algebra, you need to make sure you know what a hexagon is,"  you cannot trust that she has the proper research to back up this claim because she is an English teacher, not a math one.

Example 2) I say "FFA is a good organization for our community," while this is a nice thing to say, has no merit because I'm not in FFA nor do I benefit from FFA in anyway.