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The distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, textures and space.

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Google Search Definition-

"Very broad in its subject matter, the genre makes use of elements of portraiture, landscape photography, architecture photography, street photography, and night photography, among others. B&W photography is also a commonly employed technique."

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Google Search Definition-

"(35 millimeter film) The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras. Dating back to the first quarter of the 20th century, the 35mm format has mostly given way to digital still and video technologies."

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Google Search Definition-

"A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level."

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Google Search Definition-

"The term Large Format simply means big film size. Large format cameras use sheet film sized 4x5" or larger with the most common film sizes being 4x5" and 8x10". ... Because in photography, the bigger the film size, the better the quality."

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Google Search Definition-

"The gelatin silver process is the photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers. A suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support such as glass, flexible plastic or film, baryta paper, or resin-coated paper."

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Google Search Definition-

"Photo curators collect, exhibit, research and maintain the photo collection at a museum. ... At a museum, the curator's position is perhaps the most important position of them all. The curator has many tasks, but their purpose, their goal is to interpret photographs in such a way that will educate a broad public base."

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Google Search Definition-

"Aside from helping you find an audience that appreciates your creative vision, a photo exhibit also gives you an outlet to sell your work and develop a client base."

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Google Search Definition-

"The role of any rule of composition is to draw the eye into a photograph. Framing refers to using elements of a scene to create a frame within your frame. For example, you might shoot through a doorway, pulled back curtains, branches, fences, tunnels, or arches to highlight your subject."

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Google Search Definition-

"A gallery, either in a building or on the internet, where photographs are on display. To take a full tour of the house, go to the online photo gallery."

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Google Search Definition-

"Copyright in photography means that you own an image you created. The law says you created that image as soon as the shutter is released. The photographer who pushed the button owns the copyright. A photographer will own that copyright throughout their life and 70 years afterwards."

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"A line is a recognizable path created by a point moving in space. It is one-dimensional and can vary in thickness."

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"Shapes have
two-dimensions, length and width, and they can be geometric or organic."

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"Value describes the brightness or darkness of a color." An example are gradient colors.

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"Form exists in 3 dimensions, with length, width, and height. Shape and form define objects in space."

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"Space in a work of art refers to a feeling of three dimensions. Positive space is described as the areas in work of art that are the subjects or, areas of interest. Negative space is area around the subjects or the areas of interest."

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"The surface quality of an object.
Actual Texture: You can feel it.
Implied Texture: No actual texture."

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"Reflected light. Organized color wheel with 3 primary colors, 3 secondary colors and 6 intermediate colors."

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When you add multiple things to your photo.  When you give the viewer multiple things to look at.

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An orderly repetition of an object.

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A scaling of objects in relation to each other.

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A directed path of optical motion.

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The feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art which creates a sense of completeness.

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An accentuation of importance. A juxtaposition that accentuates difference.

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"If you're mesmerized by circular shapes, you'll love radial symmetry. This type of symmetry usually involves shapes that go round and round with the same patterns. This is often associated with ripples."

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"Symmetrical balance in photos Symmetry in photography composition is achieved when two halves of an image hold the same weight. This is also known as formal balance, or symmetrical balance. However, this symmetry doesn't have to be literal in the sense of one half of an image exactly mirroring the other."

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"Asymmetrical balance occurs when you have different visual images on either side of a design, and yet the image still seems balanced. To be considered asymmetrical, a design needs to have unequal visual weight on either side, but those unequal visuals need to balance each other."

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"Abstract images are conceived or imagined outside of ‘reality’. They can encompass a huge variety of subject matter, take us out of our comfort zone, make us question what we see, or invite us to enter another realm."

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"A photographer puts two objects close to each other and tries to attract the viewer's attention to their differences. When the contrast between these two objects is the first thing that catches the viewer's eye, juxtaposition is achieved."

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"Monochromatic photography is about using only one color in your photos. That color should convey mood or atmosphere. Black and white photography is a well-known example of monochromatic photography."

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"Cool colors include green, blue, and violet."

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"Warm colors include red, orange, and yellow."

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"Complementary colors—that is, colors opposite one another on the color wheel—can be used very effectively in visual art, including photography. When juxtaposed, complementary colors make each seem brighter and more vivid, creating a powerful visual effect."

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"Neutral colors include black, white, gray, and sometimes brown and beige. They are sometimes called “earth tones.”

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"The rule of thirds describes a basic compositional structure of a photograph. Taking any image, you can split it into 9 segments by using 3 vertical and 3 horizontal lines. ... The rule of thirds suggests placing key elements of your photo at the points where any of the lines intersect."

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"Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest. These lines often draw the viewer's eye in a specific direction or towards a designated portion of the photograph."

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The golden ratio is a composition guide. Some people call it the Fibonacci spiral, golden spiral, phi grid, divine proportion, or the golden mean. It helps to lead the viewer through the entire photo. The composition will be more pleasing and balanced for the human eye.

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"Positive space refers to the objects in the frame."

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"Negative space is the space between and around the objects in the frame."

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"Backlight in photography involves positioning the main light source for a photograph behind the primary subject. Backlighting is a popular technique among skilled photographers, but it can also present unique challenges for exposure and composition."

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"Diffused light is non-directional light, where the intensity of light is even. For example, an overcast day provides diffused light. This light is fantastic for portrait photography, as it creates little or no shadow on a person's face."

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"Ambient Light traditionally refers to any form of light that the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar."

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"It started out as a technical term used by artists to describe their drawings or paintings that showed bold contrast and distinct areas of light and darkness. Today, chiaroscuro photography pays tribute to that same idea, using light to bring attention to one specific area while everything else fades to black."

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"Silhouette photography is a wonderful way to convey drama, mystery, emotion and mood in a picture. A silhouette is defined as a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black."

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"Objective photography tries to show the world as it really is."

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"Subjective photography tries to show the world as the photographer herself sees it."

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"A “constructive critique” is a critique which is constructive– it informs the photographer how to improve. ... You actually give the photographer useful information how to improve, and get better. You tell them what they can possibly do next time to avoid a mistake."

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"A common unethical practice on the rise these days in the world of photography is plagiarism. Plagiarism in its simplest terms means stealing the idea of someone else to create your own work, without giving any credit to the original source. Photo plagiarism is on the rise these days."

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"In short, it's a brand name. According to the U.S. Patent and Trade Office, it's a “word, name, symbol, device, or any combination, used or intended to be used to identify and distinguish the goods/services of one seller or provider from those of others, and to indicate the source of the goods/services.”

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"Photography ethics are the principles that guide how we take and share photographs. Photography ethics are subjective, contextual, and fluid, meaning that every person's ethics will be different, because ethics are based on a person's life experience and values."

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"The diptych—two images combined into a single frame or presented together—originated in art as a drawing or painting in two parts. The format of the pictures was typically landscape or portrait, usually the same size."

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"A photographic triptych is a common style used in modern commercial artwork. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three."

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"In digital imaging, a pixel, pel, or picture element is a physical point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in an all points addressable display device; so it is the smallest controllable element of a picture represented on the screen."

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"In photography, the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky."

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"The blue hour occurs twice each day. It refers to a period of time just before sunrise when the sky turns from a deep twilight to dark blue and then to light blue just before the Sun peeks above the horizon."

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"Image file formats are standardized means of organizing and storing digital images. An image file format may store data in an uncompressed format, a compressed format (which may be lossless or lossy), or a vector format. ... Each pixel has a number of bits to designate its color (and in some formats, its transparency)."

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"JPEG stands for “Joint Photographic Experts Group”. It's a standard image format for containing lossy and compressed image data. Despite the huge reduction in file size JPEG images maintain reasonable image quality."

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"A camera raw image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, a motion picture film scanner, or other image scanner. Raw files are named so because they are not yet processed and therefore are not ready to be printed or edited with a bitmap graphics editor."

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"Tagged Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers. ... The format was created by Aldus Corporation for use in desktop publishing."

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"PSD file is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop (PSD), which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data. PSD is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images individual layers even after the file has been saved."

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"Sepia toning is a chemical process used in photography which changes the appearance of black-and-white prints to brown. The color is now often associated with antique photographs."

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"A shadow is the contour created when an object or person blocks rays of light from reaching a surface. The shape of a shadow changes based on its relationship with its light source. The distance, angle, and size of the source work together to determine the intensity, form, and scale of the shadow."

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"Midtones – These are neither shadows or highlights but rather a middle value of luminance. Shadows – Darker areas of the image that still maintain detail. Blacks – Completely 'burnt out' portions of a photo that contains absolutely no detail."

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"Highlights are usually defined as the brightest area in a photo. As my students learned, what you shoot as white doesn't always come out as white. ... A shadow is defined as the darkest area of a photo in which you can still see detail."

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"Post processing is process of editing the data captured by camera while taking the photo to enhance the image. ... There are more and more camera which have come into market which can capture RAW files. Raw files has much more data at pixel level which and help in post processing and enhancing the image."

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"long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements."

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"The technique of recording a very slow process, such as the withering of a flower, by taking a large number of photographs on a strip of film at regular intervals."

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"Light painting is a photographic technique where light is “painted” or “drawn” into the photograph using a hand held light source during a long exposure."

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"panning means swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position. This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right. ... In other words, the camera moves perpendicular to the direction it is pointed."

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"The term "Resolution", when used to describe a digital camera refers to the size of the digital image the camera produces, and is usually expressed in terms of "megapixels" or how many million pixels it can record in a single image."

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"DSLR is a term that's become synonymous with digital cameras, but a digital single-lens reflex camera (notable for allowing interchangeable lenses on the same camera body) is just one type of digital camera."

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"Photo metadata is a set of data describing and providing information about rights and administration of an image. ... Metadata is stored in two main places: Internally – embedded in the image file, in formats such as JPEG, DNG, PNG, TIFF …"

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"A thumbnail is an image with a reduced file size that is used as a placeholder for full sized multimedia content."

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"Occasionally I see a post on Facebook or in a birding blog that states emphatically that the image was SOOC (Straight Out Of the Camera). This term generally refers to the absence of post-processing with an image editing program. The image is untouched, just what the photographer saw and the camera recorded."

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"Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake. ... Nikon VR originates in the lens, not in the image sensor, which means that algorithms optimized to an individual lens are applied."

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"Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot. This can be good if you have no idea of what settings to choose and also when you need to shoot quickly."

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"Program mode (the "P" on the mode dial of most DSLRs) means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed."

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"Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions."

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"Shutter priority (usually denoted as S on the mode dial), also called time value (abbreviated as Tv), refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure."

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"Manual mode requires the photographer to make all the decisions that determine an image's exposure, as opposed to an automatic or semi-automatic mode that makes at least some of the calls for the photography. Manual exposure gives the maximum amount of control to the photographer."

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"The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating. ... …with the still widely used ASA speed)."

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"In photography, ISO relates to a sensor's (or film's) sensitivity to light. A lower ISO setting makes the sensor less sensitive to light, meaning it either needs more illumination or a longer shutter speed to properly expose an image."

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"Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons. While film grain is a function of such particles it is not the same thing as such."

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"Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It can be produced by the image sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera. Image noise can also originate in film grain and in the unavoidable shot noise of an ideal photon detector."

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"An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off objects) into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information."

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"Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. ... Lower f/stops give more exposure because they represent the larger apertures, while the higher f/stops give less exposure because they represent smaller apertures."

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"An f-stop is a camera setting that specifies the aperture of the lens on a particular photograph. It is represented using f-numbers. The letter “f” stands for focal length of the lens."

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"In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image. Bokeh has also been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light". Differences in lens aberrations and aperture shape cause very different bokeh effects."

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"For many cameras, depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture."

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"One of the most important aspects, when you buy a lens, is the focal length. This lets you know how close you need to be in relation to the subject you are capturing. A longer focal length is necessary for objects further away. A smaller focal length captures more of the scene in front of you."

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"Shutter speed is a measurement of the time the shutter is open, shown in seconds or fractions of a second: 1 s, 1/2 s, 1/4 s … 1/250 s, 1/ 500 s, etc. In other words, the faster the shutter speed the easier it is to photograph the subject without blur and “freeze” motion and the smaller the effects of camera shake."

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"Bulb Mode is an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky."

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"Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure."

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"Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup."

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"A monopod, also called a unipod, is a single staff or pole used to help support cameras, binoculars, rifles or other precision instruments in the field."

"In photography, a tripod is used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and a mounting head to couple with a camera."

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"A full-frame camera is a camera with a full-frame sensor. This is an image sensor that's the same size as the sensor of an analog camera. The biggest advantage of a full-frame camera is that it has no crop factor. Crop factor means that the image is cut out because the sensor is too small to capture the entire image."

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"Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2. ... APS-C size sensors are also used in a few digital rangefinders."

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"In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor, or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference."

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"In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens, typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2. The term can also mean the primary lens in a combination lens system. Confusion between these two meanings can occur if context doesn't make the interpretation clear."

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"A telephoto lens, in photography and cinematography, is a specific type of a long-focus lens in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the focal length. "