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1. Differentiate among sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, degermination, sanitization, and pasteurization and explain their practical uses

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2. Define microbial death and describe its significance in microbial control

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3.   Define the terms microbicidal and microbiostatic

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4. Compare and contrast the methods used to measure the effectiveness of disinfectants and antiseptics

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Jot down 4-5 important facts from the video: 

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Jot down 4-5 important facts from the video: 

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Join an activity with your class and find or create your own quizzes and flashcards.

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Sterilization

When all forms of microbial life, including endospores and prions, are eliminated

Disinfection

Destruction of vegetative microbes via chemical or physical methods.

Antisepsis
The process of inhibiting the growth and multiplication of microorganisms.

Degemination
The mechanical removing of most of the microbes in a limited area.

Sanitization
Reduction of microbes in significant numbers to prevent

infection, disease, and transmission of infection and

disease.

Pasteurization
Is using heat to kill vegetative bacteria and reducing  their

numbers or eliminates dangerous pathogens enough to prevent foodborne diseases and food spoilage.

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Sterilization occurs when all forms of microbial life including the most resistant forms are eliminated. Disinfection is the destruction of vegetative microorganisms via chemical or physical methods.
Degermination is the mechanical removing of most of the microbes in a limited area. Samitization is process that lowers microbial counts to safe public health levels. Pasteurization using heat to kill vegatative bacteria.

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All of these things help control microbial growth. Sterilization is achieved by applying heat, pressure, chemicals, irradiation or filtration to kill microorganisms. Extreme heat is the most common method to kill microorganisms.
Disinfection does not destroy bacterial endospores and can be achieved by chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, boiling water or steam. Disinfection destroys vegetative microorganisms.
Antisepsis is the destruction of pathogens on living tissue.
Degermination is the removal of microbes from a limited area such as the skin being prepared for an injection.
Sanitization is a process that lowers microbial counts to safe public health levels, minimizing the chances of disease transmission between users such as glassware and other tableware in restaurants.
Pasteurization is using heat to kill vegetative bacteria and reducing the number of microorganisms that have the potential to spoil food.

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Microbial death

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Sterilization kills all microbial life

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Sanitizing removes bacterial from surfaces
Disinfecting kills harmful bacteria and viruses from surfaces
Sterilizing kills all microorganisms from surfaces
Pasteurization kills of harmful bacteria or other disease-causing pathogens using heat.

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Antisepsis- destruction of pathogens on living tissue
Disinfection- destruction of vegetative pathogens
Sanitization- treatment to reduce microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils to achieve safe public health levels.
Sterilization- the complete destruction of all forms of microbial life, including endospores and prions.
Pasteurization-using heat to kill vegetative bacteria and reducing the number or microorganisms

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Disinfection does not kill all bacrterial endospores but will destroy vegetative microorganisms

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Sterilization occurs when all forms of microbial life- including the most resistant forms, the bacterial endospores and prions are eliminated. Disinfection is the destruction of vegetative microorganisms via chemical or physical methods. Sanitization is a process that lowers microbial counts to safe public health levels, minimizing the chances of disease transmission between users.

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Degermination is mechanical removal of most microbes in a limited area -cleaning the skin before an injection

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Sterilization kills microbes
Disinfection eliminates pathogenic microorganisms
Pasturateurization is partial sterilzation of products; milk/wine
Degermination is the mechanical removal of microbes fromm animate to inanimate surface
Asepsis is the absence of bacteria

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Sterilization destroys all microorganisms
Disinfection process that eliminates many microorganism
antisepsis is the process using antiseptics to eliminate microorganisms
Degemination is the mechanical process of most microbes from animate or inanimate objects
sanitation- disposal of human excreta and sewage
Pasteurization is the process of the use of heat to eliminate pathogens in foods

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Microbial death is the permanent loss of the reproductive ability of microbes as well as the permanent loss of all other vital activities.

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Microbial death is a permanent loss of reproductive abilities under ideal environmental conditions.

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Microbial death is the permanent loss of the reproductive ability of microbes as well as permanent loss of other vital activities. If an organism is not given optimal growth conditions, microbial death will occur.

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Term can only be used if reproduction cannot occur even if the organism has optimal growth conditions.

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Microbicidal- an agent that kills microscopic organisms

Microbiostatic- inhibits the growth or multiplication of microbiota

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Microbial death is the permanent loss of the reproductive ability of microbes, as well as the permanent loss of all other vital activities. Microbial control requires many considerations to find the most appropriate method to achieve the desired control in a given environment.

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Microbial death is defined as the proportion of organisms killed each minute when control methods are applied; helps significantly in learning the amount of time any antimicrobial agent takes to kill any proportion of microorganism

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Microbicidal is an agent that is designed to kill microbes. They can be further subgrouped into bactericidal agents that kill bacteria, fungicidal agents that lead to fungal death and virucides that inactivate viruses.
Microbiostatic is microbial growth that has been inhibited and prevents further bacterial growth and fungistatic agents inhibit fungal growth.

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Use-dilution test

Bioassay for testing effectiveness of disinfectant.

Phenol coefficient test—in the past

Disk-diffusion test

Filter paper disk impregnated with a chemical disinfectant or antiseptic.

Placed on agar plate

Zone of inhibition

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The loss of reproductive abilities and activities that make reproduction possible

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Microbia death is a permenant loss of reproductive ability under certain environment conditions

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Microbicidal agent

(that kill bacteria)

Agent designed to destroy microbes.
Examples:

Bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal.

Microbiostatic

(Inhibition of microbial growth)

Microbial growth is at standstill.
Examples: Bacteriostatic, fungistatic.

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Antimicrobials that kill microbes are called microbicidal; those that merely inhibit the growth are called microbiostatic

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Disifectants or antiseptics efficiency can be determined by the use -dilution test and or the disk diffusion method,

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Efficiency of a particular disinfectant or antiseptic can be determined by the use-dilution test and/or the disk-diffusion method. Use-dilution test involves placing a set concentration of test organisms  on stainless steel cylinders and then dried, places in tubes  of the test disinfectant for a preset period. The cylinders are then placed in growth tubes where the agent is chemically neutralized and any surviving organisms will be allowed to grow.
Disk-diffusion method involves a filter paper disk impregnated with a chemical disinfectant or antiseptic and placed on an agar plate on which a bacterial culture has been spread-plated. The chemical will diffuse from the disk into the agar. Microbes on the agar will not grow in the area around the disk if the organism is susceptible to the chemical.

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Microbial death is the process of pathogenic death due to an unfavorable environment that prevents multiplication and causes death. Microbial death is important in order to regulate pathogens.

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Microbicidal describes an agent that is designed to destroy microbes.
Microbiostatic indicates that microbial growth has been inhibited.

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in  dilution test place a set concentration on a  stainless steel cylinders then dry.  Then add the test disinfectant if after some time turbidity is present the agent did not kill all the test organisms.

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Phenol coefficient-researchers have evaluated the efficacy of various disinfectants and antiseptics by calculating ratio that compares a given ability to control microbes
Use-dilution test- current standard has been argued that it is neither accurate, reliable , nor relevant
Kelsey Sykes-standard for alternative assessment, used to determine the capacity of a given chemical to inhibit bacterial growth

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Microbicidal is an agent that kills microscopic organisms.
Microbiostatic is a filter. It inhibits the growth or muliplication of microbiota.

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Microbial death
Permanent loss of the reproductive ability of microbes.

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Moist heat is more effective then dry heat.
Pasteurization is not a sterilization it was developed just for food not to be spoiled
Irradiation is a form of sterilization that kills microbes but it does decrease the shelf life of certain foods

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In the disk method the bacteria is spread in a agar plate. then the antimicrobial compounds are place on the plate and incubated for 24 hours then clear zones around the compound show the compound works

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microbial death is used when reproduction can not occur.

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Microbicidal refers to agents that destroy microbes while microbes are microscopic organisms which may either be in a colony or single celled form.

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Microbicidal is an agent that destroys microbes.
Microbiostatic- inhibits microbial gowth

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microbiostatic indicates the inhibitation of microbial growth

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use-dilution test is a bioassay for testing effectiveness of disinfectants and antiseptics on microorganisisms. disk-diffusion method is filter paper impregnated with chemical disinfectant and antiseptic on a agar plate with a bacterial culture

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microbiocidal kills microbes microbiostatic inhibits growth

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Dilution test test the effectiveness of disinfectant

Disk diffusion contrast between antiseptic and chemical disinfectant\

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Microbicidal is a agent that kills microbes
Microbiostatic inhibits microbe growth

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Pasteurization is not a sterilization techniques - was used to prevent food from spoiling. An autoclave uses steam under pressure to to destroy microorganisims. Moist heat is more effective than dry heat.

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Some ways of removing microorganisms include: sterilization, disinfection, sanitation, and antisepsis

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Pasteurization is a method by which heat is applied to liquids to kill potential pathogens, as well as microbes.

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Sterilization kills all viable organisms including endospores

Microbes can survive freezing conditions

The larger the population the higher the temperature you will need

Filtration avoids heat for sensitive liquids.

There are 3 different filters for filter sterilization: Depth filter, membrane filter, nucleopore membranes