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How does the common cold go through our body?

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How does the common cold go through our body?

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1. The virus breaks through out body’s outer defenses like nasal hair and mucus and ends up in the upper respiratory tract.
2. The virus then attaches to a cell and plants its own genes into that cell. The DNA of the virus takes the components of the cell to reproduce new virus particles to invade more cells.
3. After replicating, the virus will start the process of breaking out once it has completely taken over the cell.
4. Damaged cells are left behind when virus copies are released into the bloodstream. Runny nose and sore throat will be the symptoms as the immune system sends antibodies to fight the infection. The virus will keep multiplying as this happens. If a vaccine was taken the immune system will get upper hand much quicker, but without, it will take time.
5. The immune system then calls up the cytokines, which are inflammatory proteins which give white blood cells easy access to the infection.
6. In this stage of the battle, more symptoms are felt. When the body increases mucus production to expel invaders, a runny nose is felt. A sore throat happens when more mucus membranes is produced when a lot of blood comes that way to bring white blood cells. Sneezing and coughing happens to drive out the invaders. When the body increases the temperature for combat, fever is felt. Body aches happen when the body releases chemicals to help the white blood cells.
7. A bacterial infection may occur now, as the immune system is busy fighting the primary infection, so the bacteria is free to multiply. Symptoms like sinusitis, pharyngitis, a lingering cough, or an ear infection may occur which may require antibiotics.
8. Seven to ten days later, the battle is won by the immune system and your body.
https://www.hippo.co.za/blog/health/what-happens-when-you-catch-the-common-cold/

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Type your #1 priority question here (as the title)

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Type your #1 priority question here (as the title)

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Type your research findings...

* summarize and paraphrase
* let us know why this is interesting
* make info easy to read - consider using bullet points
* attach visuals, links, media when appropriate
* Add your sources

Let me know if you don't see your name!

Sources: iScience, CK-12, BrainPop

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How does lung cancer affect the circulatory system?

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How does lung cancer affect the circulatory system?

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Cancerous Cells can make it into the blood stream and speeds up the spread of the cancer. This causes airways to become clogged and can result in shortness of breath and coughing of blood.

Lung Cancer is an interesting topic because you can see how bad your health can get by smoking. It visualizes the threat on your life, and encourages you to stop or never try smoking due to the horror that can occur within your body and mess up your life.
Sources: Healthline, Healthfully

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How do some people get early-onset Alzheimers?

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How do some people get early-onset Alzheimers?

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Alzheimers is early-onset if the person who has Alzheimers is younger than 65 years old. Most people that develop early-onset Alzheimers have sporadic Alzheimers (a type of Alzheimers). Others with early-onset Alzheimers are likely to have a parent or grandparent that also had the disease. Although many doctors do not understand why these people have Alzheimers at a young age, scientists have pinpointed rare genes that cause symptoms in people in their 30s-50s.

Sources: mayoclinic.org, alz.org

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What are the differences and similarities of the Coronavirus(COVID-19) and the common flu?

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What are the differences and similarities of the Coronavirus(COVID-19) and the common flu?

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The coronavirus (Covid-19) has many similarities to the common flu such as similar symptoms, of sneezing, coughing, and both can lead to more severe health issues such as pneumonia. Both have similar transmission, as through sneezing, coughing, or touching contaminated surfaces. (Although, COVID-19 may travel through airborne as well.) Differences include the fact that COVID-19, originates from 1 virus strain, while the common flu comes from multiple types. As of now, their are no known Vaccine and successful treatments for COVID-19, while the common flu has a vaccine, it may not prevent severe cases, and medicine would shorten the time period of the flu. As of now, COVID-19 has a longer incubation time of 1-2 weeks before coming into affect, but the common flu has a shorter incubation time of just a few days. Although , this could change. Lastly, as of now, the COVID-19 Death count is supremely lower than the Flu death count, with a total of (As of April 14, 2020) 120,000 deaths worldwide and 23,000 in the US dead from COVID-19, and an average of 291,000 worldwide and 12,000 to 61,000 deaths each year from the common flu. It's important to acknowledge these things, as it may benefit you in better being able to cope with the on-going problems that arise with this Virus.
Sources-
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/coronavirus-disease-2019-vs-the-flu
my Prior Knowledge  and-

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(Image: © Alfred Pasieka/Science Photo Library via Getty Images)
Editor's note: This article was revised on April 30 with the latest information on COVID-19.
Since the new coronavirus was first discovered in January, many people have compared it with a more well-known disease: The flu.

Many of these comparisons pointed to the perhaps underappreciated toll of the flu, which causes millions of illnesses and tens of thousands of deaths every year in the U.S. alone. (During the current flu season, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there have been 39 million to 56 million flu illnesses and 24,000 to 62,000 flu deaths in the U.S., although that number is an estimate based on hospitalizations with flu symptoms, not based on actually counting up every person who has died of flu.)

The new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has caused more than 1 million illnesses and 60,000 deaths in the U.S. as of April 29, according to data from Johns Hopkins University.
Related: Is 6 feet enough space for social distancing?
Both COVID-19 and the flu are respiratory illnesses. But COVID-19 is not the flu. Research so far indicates that COVID-19 spreads more easily and has a higher death rate than the flu.

Scientists are racing to find out more about COVID-19, and our understanding may change as new information becomes available. Based on what we know so far, here's how it compares with the flu.

Symptoms and severity

Both seasonal flu viruses (which include influenza A and influenza B viruses) and COVID-19 are contagious viruses that cause respiratory illness.

Typical flu symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, headaches, runny or stuffy nose, fatigue and, sometimes, vomiting and diarrhea, according to the CDC. Flu symptoms often come on suddenly. Most people who get the flu will recover in less than two weeks. But in some people, the flu causes complications, including . The overall hospitalization rate in the U.S. for flu this season is about 68 hospitalizations per 100,000 people, according to the CDC.

With COVID-19, doctors are still trying to understand the full picture of disease symptoms and severity. Reported symptoms in patients have varied from mild to severe, and can include fever, cough and shortness of breath, according to the CDC. Other symptoms may include fever, chills, repeated shaking with chills, muscle pain, headache, sore throat and new loss of taste or smell. COVID-19 symptoms appear to come on more gradually than those of flu, according to Healthline.

Older adults and people with underlying medical conditions, including heart disease, lung disease or , appear to be at higher risk for more serious complications from COVID-19, compared with people in younger age groups and those without underlying conditions.

The overall hospitalization rate for COVID-19 in the U.S. is about 29 hospitalizations per 100,000 people as of April 18, although the hospitalization rate for adults ages 65 and older is higher, at 95 hospitalizations per 100,000 people, according to the CDC. However, because fewer people have likely gotten COVID-19 in the U.S. than have gotten the flu, the odds of becoming hospitalized if you have a confirmed case of COVID-19 are thought to be higher than the odds of being hospitalized with influenza.

Children are a high risk group for complications from flu, but this doesn't seem to be the case for COVID-19 - few children have been hospitalized with the new coronavirus. A study of COVID-19 cases in the United States published March 18 found that, among 4,226 reported cases, at least 508 people (12%) were hospitalized, and of these, less than 1% were younger than 20 years old. In addition, no fatalities among children were reported.
Related: Can homemade masks protect you from COVID-19?
It's important to note that, because respiratory viruses cause similar symptoms, it can be difficult to distinguish different respiratory viruses based on symptoms alone, according to the World Health Organization.

Coronavirus science and news

Death rate

The death rate from seasonal flu is typically around 0.1% in the U.S., according to news reports.

Though the death rate for COVID-19 is unclear, almost all credible research suggests it is much higher than that of the seasonal flu.

It's important to note that there is no one death rate for COVID-19; the rate can vary by location, age of person infected and the presence of underlying health conditions, Live Science previously reported.

Among reported COVID-19 cases in the U.S., nearly 6% have died. This is what's known as the case fatality rate, which is determined by dividing the number of deaths by the total number of confirmed cases. But the case fatality rate is limited for a few reasons. First, not everyone with COVID-19 is being diagnosed with the disease - this is in part due to testing limitations in the U.S. and the fact that people who experience mild or moderate symptoms may not be eligible for or seek out testing. As the number of confirmed cases goes up, the fatality rate may decrease.

Researchers from Columbia University recently estimated that only 1 in 12 cases of COVID-19 in the U.S. are documented, which they said would translate to an infection fatality rate of about 0.6%, according to The Washington Post. But even this lower estimate is still at least six times higher than that of the flu. (The case fatality rate in people who become sick with flu may be 0.1%, but when you account for people who become infected with flu but never show symptoms, the death rate will be half or even a quarter of that, the Post reported.)

What's more, unlike the flu, for which there is a vaccine, everyone in the population is theoretically susceptible to COVID-19. So while the flu affects 8% of the U.S. population every year, according to the CDC, between 50% and 80% of the population could be infected with COVID-19, according to a study published March 30 in the journal . In the U.S., that would translate to 1 million deaths from COVID-19 if half the population becomes infected and there are no social distancing measures or therapeutics, the Post reported.

Another limitation with the case fatality rate is that some people who are counted as confirmed cases may eventually die from the disease, which would lead to an increase in the death rate. For example, South Korea initially reported a case fatality rate of 0.6% in early March, but it later rose to 1.7% by the beginning of April, according to New Scientist.

It's also important to note that estimates of flu illnesses and deaths from the CDC are just that - estimates (which make certain assumptions) rather than raw numbers. (The CDC does not know the exact number of people who become sick with or die from the flu each year in the U.S. Rather, this number is estimated based on data collected on flu hospitalizations through surveillance in 13 states.) . A recent study posted on the preprint database emphasized this point when it found that the number of confirmed and probable COVID-19 deaths in New York City was 21 times higher than the number of reported flu deaths over the same period, from Feb. 1 to April 18.

Virus transmission

The measure scientists use to determine how easily a virus spreads is known as the "basic reproduction number," or R0 (pronounced R-nought). This is an estimate of the average number of people who catch the virus from a single infected person, Live science previously reported. The flu has an R0 value of about 1.3, according to The New York Times.

Researchers are still working to determine the R0 for COVID-19. Preliminary studies estimated an R0 value for the new coronavirus to be between 2 and 3, according to a review study published Feb. 28 in the journal . This means each infected person has spread the virus to an average of 2 to 3 people.

Some studies suggest COVID-19 has an even higher R0 value. For example, a study published April 7 in the journal Emerging Infectious Disease used mathematical modeling to calculate an R0 of nearly 6 in China.

It's important to note that R0 is not a constant number. Estimates can vary by location, depending on such factors as how often people come into contact with each other and the efforts taken to reduce viral spread, Live Science previously reported.

Pandemics

Seasonal flu, which causes outbreaks every year, should not be confused with pandemic flu, or a global outbreak of a new flu virus that is very different from the strains that typically circulate. This happened in 2009 with the swine flu pandemic, which is estimated to have infected up to 1.4 billion people and killed between 151,000 and 575,000 people worldwide, according to the CDC. There is no flu pandemic happening currently.

On March 11, the WHO officially declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic. This is the first time the WHO has declared a pandemic for a coronavirus.

Prevention

Unlike seasonal flu, for which there is a to protect against infection, there is no vaccine for COVID-19. But researchers in the U.S. and around the world are working to develop one.

In addition, the flu has several treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including antiviral drugs such as amantadine and rimantadine (Flumadine), and inhibitors of influenza, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). In contrast, the FDA has yet to approve any treatments for COVID-19, although approval for remdesivir, an antiviral initially developed to treat , is pending.

In general, the CDC recommends the following to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses, which include both coronaviruses and flu viruses: Wash your hands often with and water for at least 20 seconds; avoid touching your , nose and mouth with unwashed hands; avoid close contact with people who are sick; stay home when you are sick; and clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces.

Wearing cloth face coverings in public and practicing social distancing - or staying at least 6 feet (1.8 meters) away from other people - is also recommended to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

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How does the new coronavirus compare with the flu?

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(Image: © Alfred Pasieka/Science Photo Library via Getty Images) Editor's note: This article was revised on April 30 with the latest information on COVID-19. Since the new coronavirus was first discovered in January, many people have compared it with a more well-known disease: The flu.

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Are there any health issues related to congenital scoliosis? If so, what are they?

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Are there any health issues related to congenital scoliosis? If so, what are they?

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Children with congenital scoliosis sometimes have other health issues, such as kidney or bladder problems. This is because at the time the spine was developing in utero, other organs may also have experienced disrupted development.

Even though congenital scoliosis is present at birth, it is sometimes impossible to see any spine problems until a child reaches adolescence.

Sources: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Orthoinfo

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A common cold is an infection the the upper respiratory system, and is mainly caused by rhinovirus or coronavirus.

The common cold is so common because there are over 200 variations and types of common colds, and your body can’t build resistance to them all.

Common colds are also common because they are very contagious or easy to spread. You can catch the common cold when you inhale the virus particles from an infected person’s sneeze, cough, speech, or if you touch an object which was touched by an infected person.

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/166606

https://www.healthline.com/health/common-cold-causes

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What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?

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What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?

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Type 1 diabetes means whoever has it was born with diabetes. There body doesn't produce any insulin which is hormone produced by your body to control glucose levels in your body.
People with Type 2 diabetes their bodies can produce insulin but not enough which can also make it hard for them to manage glucose levels. The good news is through weight-loss, exercising, and other healthy habits someone with Type 2 can become non-diabetic as long as they manage their glucose levels
Both types have many symptoms including

frequent urination

feeling very thirsty and drinking a lot

feeling very hungry

feeling very fatigued

blurry vision

cuts or sores that don’t heal properly

The reason people get Type 1 is because their bodies immune system confuses it's insulin for an invading virus so it attacks and gets rid of it which allows no insulin to be released within their body.
People with Type 2 diabetes insulin resistance. Their body can produce insulin but it can utilize it in the way it's meant to. Scientists aren't sure why this may happen but it is shown it's dependent on several lifestyle factors including in-activity and excess weight.

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Who is more affected by Ebola, young children, teens, adults, or elders?

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Who is more affected by Ebola, young children, teens, adults, or elders?

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Young children are mostly affected by Ebola. Scientists examined Ebola cases of children under 16, and the death rate was higher than older children and adults. Ebola killed about 90% of infected children under the age of 1, and about 80% of infected children from  the ages of 1-4. Older children have a much better chance of surviving Ebola if they are infected. The reason why younger children are more affected is because they depend on others to help them, and their parents may have also been sick with Ebola. Younger kids are prone to dehydration and metabolic abnormalities that result from vomiting and diarrhea, which are common symptoms of the disease.

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(Image: © Daniel Martin | CDC)

Young children who are infected with Ebola may be more likely to die from the virus than older children or adults who are infected, according to a new study.

In the study, researchers examined Ebola cases in children younger than 16 during the current outbreak in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, and compared them with adult cases. They found that the outbreak's death rate has been higher among younger children than among older children and adults.

The disease has killed about 90 percent of infected children under age 1, and about 80 percent of kids ages 1 to 4 who have been infected. Older children who have been infected with Ebola may have a much better chance of surviving, as the death rate has been lower - 52 percent - for children ages 10 to 15. Among children older than 15 and adults, the mortality rate was 65 percent.

"The very youngest of children - neonates -appear to have the worst outcomes from Ebola," study co-author Dr. Robert Fowler, an associate professor of critical-care medicine at the University of Toronto, said in a statement. (Neonates, or newborns, are babies younger than 1 month.)

There are a number of factors that may explain the high Ebola mortality rate in newborns, Fowler said. For instance, the youngest children are often heavily dependent on others to care for them, and their caregivers may have also been sick with Ebola. Younger kids may also be particularly prone to dehydration and metabolic abnormalities that result from vomiting and diarrhea, which are common symptoms of the disease.

To prevent dehydration, children need to receive a sufficient amount of fluids, which are usually administered intravenously when the children can no longer keep fluids down because they have been vomiting, Fowler said.

However, getting those fluids into the body by "placing intravenous catheters in young children can be challenging," he said. [ Where Did Ebola Come From?]

The study shows that Ebola affects young children differently from adults, study co-author Christl Donnelly, a professor at Imperial College London, said in a statement.

Therefore, "it's especially important that we get them [children] into treatment quickly," she said. "We also need to look at whether young children are getting treatment that's appropriate for their age."

The researchers were surprised by the relatively low mortality rate among children ages 10 to 15, said study co-author Dr. Christopher M. Dye, head of the World Health Organization's Ebola epidemiology team in Geneva.

"That has not been seen before for Ebola, and we have been able to uncover this partly because this large epidemic has generated so much data," Dye told Live Science. "Put another way, usually we expect to see higher case fatalities from infections only in the very youngest and the very oldest, but the pattern here is different."

The new study was published today (March 25) in the New England Journal of Medicine.

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Ebola Death Rates Vary Widely by Age Group

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(Image: © Daniel Martin | CDC) Young children who are infected with Ebola may be more likely to die from the virus than older children or adults who are infected, according to a new study. In the study, researchers examined Ebola cases in children younger than 16 during the current outbreak in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, and compared them with adult cases.

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How does coronavirus(COVID-19) affect the human body?

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How does coronavirus(COVID-19) affect the human body?

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Since coronavirus(COVID-19) is a virus, and viruses cannot reproduce by themselves, coronavirus hijacks a cell in the human body and reproduces itself, killing and infecting other healthy cells. Since COVID-19 is a respiratory illness, it usually moves down the respiratory tract, which covers the mouth, nose, throat, and lungs, and can inflame the lungs. There are many side effects that the coronavirus brings; one of these is pneumonia, an infection of the alveoli inside the lungs, making it hard to breathe. Although COVID-19 is a respiratory disease, other parts of the body can be infected. For example, the heart and blood vessels can be affected as well as the lungs because not enough oxygen is being provided to the blood and the carbon dioxide is not getting removed.
Sources:
webmd.com,
healthline.com, medicalnewstoday.com

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When Diagnosed with Menorrhagia, what is the females best course of action?

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When Diagnosed with Menorrhagia, what is the females best course of action?

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Menorrhagai is the medical term for menstrual periods with heavy or prolonged bleeding. Its occurs in the females reproductive system inside the uterus, some symptoms include periods that last longer then a week, passing blood clots are abnormally large, and the excessive bleeding requires more then one change of sanitary wipes or tampon every two hours.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menorrhagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352829

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/blooddisorders/women/menorrhagia.html

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What is the difference between Bipolar 1, 2, and 3?

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What is the difference between Bipolar 1, 2, and 3?

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In Bipolar 1, a person has at least 1 manic episode lasting about a week. He or she will also have multiple episodes of major depression. People with Bipolar 1 will have more episodes of depression than maniac symptoms.
In Bipolar 2, a person has a milder form of mania, called hypomania, lasting anywhere from several days to a week. They will also have periods of depression that will outnumber the time the person spends with hypomania by almost 40 to 1. Because hypomania can be mistaken for happiness or even normal functioning, bipolar 2 can often be misdiagnosed as unipolar depression.
In Bipolar 3, or more commonly known as cyclothymic disorder, a person has hypomania which alternates frequently with symptoms of depression. Typically the symptoms of depression don't last long enough for the person to get diagnosed with major depression as a full syndrome.
Sources:
A Health Magazine

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How does Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) affect your every day life? 

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How does Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) affect your every day life? 

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This disease is the build up of plaque in arteries which restricts blood flow to the heart. In the beginning, it can affect you a lot, or just a little. When the disease first starts, it may bring no symptoms, but eventually it can cause chest pain. If the build up is very extreme it can also cause a heart attack. You can however treat it with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. After this also, life is different. You must stop smoking, control your blood pressure and cholesterol, exercising, reduce weight, and reduce stress. This is the changed lifestyle after this disease.

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How is osteogenesis imperfecta affected by heredity?

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How is osteogenesis imperfecta affected by heredity?

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There are at least 19 recognized forms of osteogenesis imperfecta. Each can be caused by mutations in various different genes, depending on which form it is. In some forms, osteogenesis imperfecta follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. This means that only one copy of the variation gene in each cell will cause the condition.

Other forms follow an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning two copies of the altered gene are located in each cell. The parents of a child following this pattern aren’t usually affected with the condition, but each parent carries one copy of the variation gene.

Osteogenesis imperfecta can also occur following an X-linked recessive pattern. This occurs if the gene for osteogenesis imperfecta is located on the X chromosome. Males, who only have one X chromosome, only need one copy of the gene in each cell to cause the condition. In females, who have two X chromosomes, both copies of the gene will have to carry the mutation in order to cause the condition. In this pattern, males are more likely to have the condition than females because it’s less likely that females will have two mutated genes. Males cannot pass the gene to their sons.

Studies show that there is a 50% chance that a parent with osteogenesis imperfecta will pass the disease onto their offspring. If the offspring has osteogenesis imperfecta, they will most likely have the same type as their parent. My uncle has osteogenesis imperfecta and all five of his children have it.

https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/osteogenesis-imperfecta/type-1

https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/osteogenesis-imperfecta#

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Is there a certain group of people that are affected by Parkinson’s?

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Is there a certain group of people that are affected by Parkinson’s?

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PD is the second most common degenerative neurological disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. Both PD and Alzheimer's affect the nervous system. It is estimated that Parkinson's Disease (PD) affects 1 percent of the population over the age of 60. However, 4% of all cases  of people with PD are diagnosed before the age of 50.  As many as 1 million Americans are living with PD, and approximately 60,000 Americans (mainly between the ages of 50-90) are diagnosed with PD each year.

Sources:
Parkinsonsdisease.net
Parkinsons.org

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Why is the flu so common during a certain time period?

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Why is the flu so common during a certain time period?

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The flu is so common during a certain time period, because when it is cold there is a higher chance of getting sick with the pollen and everything in the air. Virus particles stay in the air making it possible to get the virus.

To learn about the flu is important because it is a virus that comes year around, and is very contagious. That's why researching it is important so people know how important it is to wash their hands, and stay clean.

http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2014/the-reason-for-the-season-why-flu-strikes-in-winter/

https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/season/flu-season.htm

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So inside the bone marrow, blood cells are beginning to multiply and divide into red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. However, if you've got leukemia, one among these blood corpuscle types begins to rapidly multiply, in an out-of-control manner. These abnormal cells – called leukemia cells – begin to take over the space inside the bone marrow. Leukemia results in fewer normal blood cells being made and released into the blood and more leukemia cells being made and released into the blood. Without an adequate amount of normal blood cells, your body’s organs and tissues will not get the oxygen they need to work properly, your body won’t be able to fight off infection or clot blood when needed.
https://biologyleukemiaproject.weebly.com/organs-and-organ-systems-that-leukemia-affects.html

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20374373

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4365-leukemia

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Cancer dates back a long way, and the first case that scientists have discovered is an Egyptian textbook describing 8 cases of tumors that were cauterized using a tool called a 'fire drill.' The Greek physician Hippocrates has credit for the naming of the word. A Roman physician, Celsus translated carcinos and carcinoma into cancer. Hippocrates and Celsus  named it 'cancer,' as it meant crab, and projections of cancer looked like a crab. Evidence suggests that cancer has been around since possibly the beginning of time.

Source: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-basics/history-of-cancer/what-is-cancer.html

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What does the coronavirus do to the body, and how?

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What does the coronavirus do to the body, and how?

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Once a person is infected with the coronavirus, they will have trillions of microbes (or bacterium) in their saliva. Coronavirus affects the organs in the respiratory system like the lungs, nose, mouth, and throat. It also spreads easily through droplets that escape when someone coughs or sneezes.

When the infected person swallows or sniffs, the virus enters the throat or the nasal cavities and infects a healthy cell. The cell then helps the virus multiply so that it gets larger and larger. After a while, these infected cells will die. After a few days, the infected person will begin to show symptoms: fevers, coughing, sore throat. In most cases, the virus stops here when help from medication and other antibodies comes.

In severe cases, the virus goes to the lower part of the respiratory system, to your lungs. Then, the virus inflames the aveoli, tiny sacs in your lungs that send oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide. This makes it hard to breathe. As more and more of the aveoli are inflamed, it becomes harder and harder to breathe. With the lack of oxygen, your other organs can stop functioning properly.

While mild cases of the coronavirus are cured easily, severe cases are harder to deal with as there is still no vaccine or medication for this disease.

Sources:

https://theweek.com/articles/904967/once-coronavirus-infects-human-body-what-happens-next

https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-covid-19-affects-body#1

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How quickly can the Corona Virus spread into your respiratory and digestive system?

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How quickly can the Corona Virus spread into your respiratory and digestive system?

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When the virus first enters your body it latches onto spiky surface proteins, especially the ones in your lungs. Within 14 days you will start showing symptoms but it just takes a few minutes to get into your respiratory system and a few more to get into your digestive system. This virus moves very quickly and rapidly in your body.
It moves down your respiratory tract which may make your lungs inflamed which would then cause a difficulty to breathe. Once the virus gets into your digestive system it may affect your intestines causing nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and indigestion. This is extremely interesting because the corona virus has caused a global pandemic which has basically put the world on pause. Knowing about its affects and educating others helps prevent people from getting it.
Sources:
https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-covid-19-affects-body#1
https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-body-symptoms.html
https://www.webmd.com/lung/what-does-covid-do-to-your-lungs#1

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The Flu is a constantly mutating respiratory virus that is seasonal. Most virus strains are not deadly and usually result in mild or moderate symptoms like a fever, chills, aches, fatigue, and sore throat. However, the flu can cause severe symptoms and ultimately lead to death. The most common way for the flu to kill is pneumonia. This health condition is when the lungs becomes a victim of inflammation and the air sacs fill up with fluid. Sometimes this pneumonia is more mild and sometimes like the Influenza 1918 it can become more deadly.
There are more ways that influenza kills though. If it becomes really severe multi-organ failure develops in organs like the lungs and kidneys. These are highly fatal. Other organs might be inflamed by the flu as well like brain and heart. Most of the time the flu is not that dangerous. The average death rate is about 0.1%. However, this changes greatly with each flu strain or type. For example the swine flu is estimated to be 0.02% fatality rate, while the Spanish flu is about 10%. However although they are different in death rates they still cause death mostly the same way. Due to the stability of the virus a new vaccine is created every year but sometimes it might now have been protecting you from the right strain.
Sources: Live science, CDC, Mayo Clinic.

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How long does coronavirus last in your body?

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How long does coronavirus last in your body?

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How long Covid-19 lasts in your body is dependent on if you have a mild case or a severe one.
It take 2 weeks to recover from a mild case, meanwhile it takes 3-6 weeks to recover from a severe case.
Some symptoms of COVID-19 are the common cold, or a fever.
Source: BRAINPOP

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How does Alzheimer's impair treatment for other health issues ?

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How does Alzheimer's impair treatment for other health issues ?

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When someone gets Alzheimer's they get cognitive impairment which causes them to have problems thinking and problems concentrating. Also with Alzheimer's it cause memory loss impaired judgment so treating other diseases is harder. An example is that people with Alzheimer's may not use prescribed medicine or follow a doctor prescribed treatment. This also may cause a minor health issue to a major health issue since they may forget the treatment plan.

Sources: https://www.alzheimers.net/alzheimers-health-ailments/

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Is there a possible cure for lung cancer? Why or why not?

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Is there a possible cure for lung cancer? Why or why not?

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Although there isn't an actual cure, there is a treatment process. It involves getting screening. getting a chemo, and other processes as well. Finishing the treatment typically takes 4-6 months, but can take longer or less depending on the stage/situation.

Sources: MD Anderson.org, Cancerfighting Strategies.

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Q2-How can health issues such as coronavirus affect other parts of the human body than what they are labeled as, and why are they so dangerous?

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Q2-How can health issues such as coronavirus affect other parts of the human body than what they are labeled as, and why are they so dangerous?

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COVID-19 affects people by mainly attacking the respiratory system. Inside the respiratory system, mainly the lungs and airways, the virus multiplies and attacks the lungs. This causes the common symptoms associated with COVID-19 such as shortness of breath, coughing, sore throats and other similar issues. It can also affect the circulatory system, mainly the heart as it shortens the oxygen use in the body. This causes a shortage of oxygen on the heart causing more symptoms. It's interesting to know this because it informs the reader and you that COVID-19 and other viruses don't only affect one organ or one body system. It also informs of the dangers and issues you may face if you ever suffer from the virus. It's important to know things like symptoms and other issues such as developing a worse virus. Staying informed of this especially at times like this is always important and something we should all do. Sources-https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-covid-19-affects-body#2 and https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/coronavirus-effects-on-body

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Coronaviruses typically affect the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath. Some people, including older adults, are at risk of severe illness from these viruses.

Coronaviruses are present in many species of animals, such as camels and bats. Mutations of the virus can infect humans.

Previous outbreaks of diseases that coronaviruses have caused in humans have been severe. They typically spread rapidly and can cause death in some people.

One example is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which caused a pandemic in 2002. There were around 8,439 cases and 812 deaths as a result of the virus.

The outbreak of the disease known as COVID-19 is the result of the novel coronavirus, now renamed SARS-CoV-2, that has spread rapidly across many parts of the world.

As of March 25, 2020, there were around 424,048 cases of COVID-19 and 18,946 deaths.

This article will discuss how coronaviruses affect the body, possible complications, and treatments.

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A person with coronavirus may experience coughing or shortness of breath.

Viruses work by hijacking cells in the body. They enter host cells and reproduce. They can then spread to new cells around the body.

Coronaviruses mostly affect the respiratory system, which is a group of organs and tissues that allow the body to breathe.

Respiratory illnesses affect different parts of this respiratory system, such as the lungs. A coronavirus typically infects the lining of the throat, airways, and lungs.

Early symptoms of coronavirus may include coughing or shortness of breath. In some cases, it can cause severe damage to the lungs.

For example, some people might develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to severe breathing difficulties.

Usually, the immune system will identify and respond to coronavirus early by sending special proteins, or antibodies, to fight the infection.

The immune response to infection has side effects for the body, including fever. During an infection, white blood cells release pyrogens, a substance that causes fever.

A temperature of greater than 100.4°F from an oral thermometer indicates a fever.

Sometimes other symptoms will occur alongside a fever, including:

These symptoms will usually last until the body fights off the coronavirus.

Symptoms might not show up straightaway. For example, people with COVID-19 may get symptoms 2 to 14 days after infection.

Coronavirus can have severe complications, such as pneumonia.

Pneumonia occurs if the virus causes infection of one or both lungs. The tiny air sacs inside the lungs can fill with fluid or pus, making it harder to breathe.

Coronavirus can also damage the heart, liver, or kidneys. In some people, it will affect the blood and immune system. For example, COVID-19 can cause heart, renal, or multiple organ failure, resulting in death.

Some people are more at risk of severe complications than others. The risk can increase for those with an underlying health condition, such as:

serious heart conditions, such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathies

kidney disease

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

obesity, which occurs in people with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher

sickle cell disease

a weakened immune system from a solid organ transplant

type 2 diabetes

Older adults are also at risk of severe illness from coronavirus. Other groups at risk include:

people with HIV

pregnant women

people with asthma

Antiviral drugs are a common method of treating viruses. These drugs kill or prevent the spread of viruses through cells in the body. However, there are currently no antiviral drugs for treating coronavirus.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers around the world are now working on new treatments and vaccines for coronavirus.

Treatment is not always necessary if symptoms are mild. If a person has no risk factors that affect the respiratory or immune systems, their body may successfully fight the infection without medication or intervention.

For mild cases, doctors may suggest using various over-the-counter medications to treat symptoms. For example, acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, might be helpful for some people.

In more severe cases, treatment in hospitals could include ventilators to support breathing. Antibiotics might help reduce the risk of bacterial pneumonia.

Coronavirus effects on the body include respiratory symptoms and signs of infection, such as coughing, fever, and fatigue.

In some people, coronaviruses can cause severe illness. Factors that affect the risk include:

older age

underlying health conditions, such as diabetes

HIV

asthma

pregnancy

People at risk of severe illness should seek immediate medical attention for signs of COVID-19. These include:

sudden cough

high temperature

shortness of breath

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Coronavirus effects on the body: Risks and complications

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Coronaviruses typically affect the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath. Some people, including older adults, are at risk of severe illness from these viruses. Coronaviruses are present in many species of animals, such as camels and bats. Mutations of the virus can infect humans.

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Q2- What is the best thing we can do to stop diabetes?

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Q2- What is the best thing we can do to stop diabetes?

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Type 1 diabetes is caused because   of genetics and is something you are born with. The best way to manage it is to keep track of what you eat and how often you eat.Taking in too much excess sugar and carbs can make you very sick since their body doesn't produce insulin. Their  body will never produce insulin so they have to manage their eating habits and take insulin shots just to make sure that there is some insulin just in case.
Type 2 diabetes is slightly due to genetics but also determined by the person. The best way is to manage your eating habits and to exercise. Staying fit and keeping healthy eating habits helps your body since it doesn't use as much insulin and can manage what your body eats. Since you can become non-diabetic if you have type 2 as long as you do what you need to do and maintain a hearty life-style you can become non-diabetic.

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Ebola is an animal disease. Most animals that get the disease can die instantly. Scientists did not find any symptoms of Ebola in felines, so cats could be immune to this disease. Dogs can get the virus, but no dog has gotten it yet, antibodies have been detected in their blood, suggesting the dogs had survived infections. It is unknown if dogs can pass the virus to humans. While an infected dog could be quarantined, it would have to be caged indefinitely, since it is unknown how long it might remain infectious.

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Ebola is primarily an animal disease. Its natural reservoir is probably fruit bats, which can live with the virus without getting ill. Gorillas, chimpanzees and humans all die rapidly after getting infected.

Ebola is found in some hunted African animals, including forest antelopes and rodents. Pigs, guinea pigs, horses and goats have been infected experimentally and either had no symptoms or mild ones. Ebola has not been found in any African felines, such as lions, so cats may be immune.

Dogs living with humans apparently can get infected. Although the virus itself has not been found in dogs, antibodies have been detected in their blood, suggesting the dogs had survived infections.

Gabon has had several Ebola outbreaks, and in 2005 French scientists tested 337 dogs for antibodies. Many were village strays that lived on what they caught and scraps that hunters threw them.

Villages in which there were both human deaths and hunters returning with infected bush meat - which often started the outbreaks - had the most dogs testing positive.

The most likely explanation, the scientists said, was that the dogs were infected with the virus from meat scraps and from licking human vomit. They were not known to get ill.

Whether dogs can pass the virus to humans or to other dogs is unknown. Many diseases - including polio and typhoid - have silent human carriers who never get sick but pass fatal infections to others.

Ebola is not known to exist in any North American animal species, including bats. But many species clearly could become carriers.

Since dogs interact intermittently with humans and with animals in city parks and rural forests, they could be a vector for transmitting Ebola from humans into wildlife, where it could, in theory, establish a permanent American reservoir.

While an infected dog could be quarantined, it would have to be caged indefinitely, since it is unknown how long it might remain infectious.

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A Ebola is primarily an animal disease. Its natural reservoir is probably fruit bats, which can live with the virus without getting ill. Gorillas, chimpanzees and humans all die rapidly after getting infected. Ebola is found in some hunted African animals, including forest antelopes and rodents.

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What can we do to prevent catching the common cold?

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What can we do to prevent catching the common cold?

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There are a few things we can do to prevent the common cold to make it less common.

1. Drink Hot Fluids

Drinking tea or hot water can provide relief to your endless coughs and can ease the cold symptoms. The hotness acts like a lubricant to your sore throat.

2. Sleep

Sleep allows your immune system to fight off the cold. Rest is essential when sick, and can help heal.

3. Meditate

Studies show that stress hurts your ability to stay healthy. Meditation can calm the body and ease stress.

4. Keep Clean

Cleanliness can keep a virus from spreading and under control. Cleaning commonly touched surfaces, including your hands, will help and keeping away from infected people will also help.

5. Medications

Medications can’t cure a cold but can ease the symptoms.

https://vicks.com/en-us/treatments/how-to-treat-a-cold/how-to-get-rid-of-a-cold?gclid=Cj0KCQjwhZr1BRCLARIsALjRVQPKmqNWKrYsWZnRkGzC59xbK8vDEKSJntSS55-p5yPyyBZdxIweDfQaAmgrEALw_wcB

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The coronavirus was first discovered in humans in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease traced back to the bats, who must have had it first. However, the bat disease that had closest symptoms to COVID-19 could not transmit to humans. This means that it had to transfer to some other animal before being able to infect humans.

Studies in February showed that it was likely that the pangolin, an anteater-like animal, was this “other animal”. This is because the DNA of coronavirus in humans was about 99% the same as in pangolins. There was a mutation when cells replicated throughout the pangolin population, creating COVID-19.

The disease first spread through a seafood and meat market in Wuhan. Scientists still aren’t sure about how the pangolin brought the disease into the meat market (assuming the pangolin theory is true), but some believe that people may have been illegally selling pangolins in the market. Eventually the disease from pangolins spread to those in the market, starting the infection of humans.

Sources: https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/where-did-new-coronavirus-come-past-outbreaks-provide-hints-n1144521

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/coronavirus-pangolins-may-have-spread-the-disease-to-humans#How-could-pangolins-have-spread-the-virus?

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Why are Alzheimer's death rates increasing in the United States?

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Why are Alzheimer's death rates increasing in the United States?

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Death rates for Alzheimer's increased by 55% from 1999 to 2014. Less people are dying from other disease because of immunity, and since age is such a big risk factor for this disease, more people who  survive into older adulthood increasing the risk for Alzheimer's disease. In 2020, there are about three-and-a-half working age people to every one retirement age person. By 2060, there will only be about two-and-a-half working age people to every one retirement age person. Increased healthcare and immunity means increased elderly people which causes a great risk factor for the Alzheimer's disease.

https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2018/cb18-41-population-projections.html

https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2017/p0525-alzheimer-deaths.html

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How does osteogenesis imperfecta affect patients?

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How does osteogenesis imperfecta affect patients?

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Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease. This disease causes bones in those affected to break extremely easily. There are many different types of osteogenesis imperfecta, all with various ranges of severity.

Not all people affected with this disease experience these symptoms. Some symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta include

spinal curvature

brittle bones and teeth

changes of color in the sclera of the eye (can be grey, purple, or blue tinted)

shorter height range

triangular shaped face

respiratory complications

early loss of hearing

joint deformities, easier dislocation

easily bruised skin

muscle weakness

structural problems in collagen

less production of collagen

Infants affected with osteogenesis imperfecta can experience their first fracture from a simple, ordinary activity, such as learning to walk, a guardian pulling the child’s ankles to change a diaper, or a physical exam given by a doctor.

Children diagnosed with this disease are recommended to participate in dance, ride bikes, and especially swim as forms of recreational activities, as opposed to contact sports. Water therapy and swimming are good for people affected with this disease, because they occur in an environment with less gravity, which decreases the risk of fracture.

Children with this disease generally experience less fractures after going through puberty, because their bones are growing and shifting less.

Research shows that women’s bone density can be affected by pregnancy and breastfeeding, increasing the risk of fracture, especially in women with osteogenesis imperfecta. Women with osteogenesis imperfecta are suggested to have a diet rich in calcium while they are pregnant or breastfeeding.

https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/osteogenesis-imperfecta/type-1#b
https://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Osteogenesis-Imperfecta.aspx
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/osteogenesis-imperfecta#
https://oif.org/informationcenter/about-oi/

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Is having congenital scoliosis related to heredity?

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Is having congenital scoliosis related to heredity?

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Congenital scoliosis does not seem to run in families.

Many genetic studies to this day have not given us much evidence that this condition can be inherited.

Although congenital scoliosis is often discovered during the infant or toddler period, in some children it does not diagnosed until their adolescent years.

In summary, congenital scoliosis is not related to heredity, but in future, we could be proven wrong.

Sources:

Scoliosis Research Society - https://www.srs.org/professionals/online-education-and-resources/conditions-and-treatments/congenital-scoliosis

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How does Coronary Artery Disease affect other body systems besides the circulatory?

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How does Coronary Artery Disease affect other body systems besides the circulatory?

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When you have coronary heart disease it causes chest pain, but along with this it has affects on other parts of your body. The plaque building up in arteries can stop blood flow to your digestive system which causes nausea and indigestion. Another symptom of CAD, is sweating. This is controlled by your autonomic nervous system. A lot of sweating along with other symptoms can be a sign of heart problems.

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Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning. Schizophrenia can result in many symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, abnormal motor function, and negative symptoms.
Symptoms are usually divided into two types: positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms are symptoms that occur in people with schizophrenia but not in the general population. This can include: hallucinations, delusions, confused thoughts, disorganized speech, and trouble concentrating. Negative symptoms are qualities that are reduced  in a person with schizophrenia. This includes loss of motivation, emotions, and speech. Patients are usually first diagnosed with schizophrenia after the onset of psychosis. Scientists still don't fully understand what causes schizophrenia.

Sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2sc_ck5BZU

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Why is this mutation of coronavirus(COVID-19) so contagious?

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Why is this mutation of coronavirus(COVID-19) so contagious?

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Ever since the coronavirus(COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, it has been spreading and has now become a global pandemic. Although COVID-19 is just another coronavirus, it is a novel virus, meaning it has never been seen before; this is another reason why this strain of coronavirus is so contagious. The main reason why COVID-19 is so contagious is because of the time it takes for a person to realize that they are infected. Since the incubation period for COVID-19 is 2 to 14 days, a person could make contact and spread the virus to many people before they realize that they have it. Another reason that this coronavirus is so contagious is because there is no known cure or treatment for the virus; doctors are trying preexisting medicines, but not many are having effect, which means that for those infected, it is up to their immune system to fight COVID-19. In addtion, there are also non-medical reasons for the spread of the virus; some of these reasons are lockdown protests and other people who are disobeying the stay at home order and are forming large groups, so we can all prevent the spread of coronavirus by staying at home and following safety protocols.
Sources:
forbes.com
uchealth.org

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How can it [Wilson's Disease] affect the systems of your body?

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How can it [Wilson's Disease] affect the systems of your body?

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What factors influence the growth of a tumor?

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What factors influence the growth of a tumor?

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Scientists have not confirmed any one factor to be a direct cause to cancer, but have confirmed that certain factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals, will increase a person's likelihood of developing cancer. This is interesting, because one person could have the exact same lifestyle as another, but one develops cancer, and the other doesn't. Cancer can be influenced by family history, as well as age (the more your cells split, the higher chance you're going to get cancer).
Factors include age, chemicals, alcohol, tobacco, radiation, immunosuppresion, obesity, sunlight, and diet.
Source: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk

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What causes a female to have Menorrhagia?

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What causes a female to have Menorrhagia?

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Menorrhagia can be caused by a hormone imbalance. In a normal menstrual cycle, a balance between the hormones estrogen and progesterone regulates the buildup of the lining of the uterus (endometrium), which is shed during menstruation. If a hormone imbalance occurs, the endometrium develops in excess and eventually sheds by way of heavy menstrual bleeding.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menorrhagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352829

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Does  Parkinson’s travel through genetics?

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Does  Parkinson’s travel through genetics?

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It's rare for Parkinson's disease to be passed down from parent to child. Most cases of Parkinson's aren't hereditary. However, people who get early-onset Parkinson's disease are more likely to have inherited it. Having a family history of Parkinson's disease may increase the risk that you will get it.

Source:
https://www.healthline.com/health/parkinsons/is-parkinsons-hereditary#what-the-research-says

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How does the Corona Virus spread to another human?

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How does the Corona Virus spread to another human?

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There are numerous ways that COVID-19 can spread to another human, and that is one of the most deadliest things about it. The following are the known ways that the virus can spread to another human.
An infected person's droplets: The droplets with the virus can fly into another person's mouth or nose from an infected person coughing, sneezing, or even just talking. If you are within 6 feet of them the droplets can easily get in your lungs.
Airborne transmission: Scientists say that the virus can live in the air for up to 3 whole hours. In these 3 hours any person may walk into air that is infected with the virus so always make sure to wear a mask so that the virus doesn't get into your lungs.
Surface transmission: If you touch a surface that somebody who is infected has sneezed or coughed on and then touch your face (mouth, eyes, nose) then there is an extremely high possibility you will get the virus. The virus can live on surfaces like stainless steel and plastic for up to 2 to 3 days.
The virus can be spread before symptoms even appear so it's very important to stay at home and if you have to go outside then make sure to wear a mask and gloves.
Sources:
https://health.usnews.com/conditions/articles/how-does-coronavirus-spread
https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-transmission-overview#1

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Why does Alzheimer deteriorate brain cells?

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Why does Alzheimer deteriorate brain cells?

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It destroys brain cells because the brain gets significantly smaller when a person has Alzheimer's. During Alzheimer your neurons start losing the ability of functioning lose connections to other neurons and die. The brain cells stop working all well which is why the memory lose is prominent in Alzheimer. At first during Alzheimer it typically destroys the neurons connections to the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Later then attacks the cerebral cortex. which is responsible for language reasoning and social behavior.

https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease

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Q3- How does COVID-19 affect you internally and externally?

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Q3- How does COVID-19 affect you internally and externally?

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COVID-19 or any new virus that spirals out of control has many effects, and not only to the victim internally. COVID-19 affects mainly your respiratory system attacking your airways, causing the common symptoms of coughing, shortness of breath, and a sore throat. Severe cases can lead to ARDS, which leads to worse symptoms. Other signs such as blood clotting, diarrhea, and recently bruising and skin rashes. If someone who get infected with COVID-19 or is trying to avoid COVID-19, typically stay in social isolation, and avoid contact with most people. This can cause negative effects such as unhealthy life styles, and a degrade in social skills. It also impacts the economy in many ways, since less people would want to go out and shop for items unless they are a necessity. This can cause a bunch of problems with the economy, leading to shutdowns of businesses and people getting fired from their jobs. Although, with everything going on, we should rember to stay alert, not paranoid.
Sources-Pior knowledge, https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianmenickella/2020/04/08/covid-19-worldwide-the-pandemics-impact-on-the-economy-and-markets/#a6f982a28c3d, and

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SOURCES:

Raina McIntyre, PhD, NHMRC Principal Research Fellow, Professor of Global Biosecurity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

MedlinePlus: "Viral Infections," "Fever."

CDC: "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)."

Nature: "Virus."

Science: "Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation."

Genetics Home Reference: "What is a cell?"

Federation of American Scientists: "Do you have COVID-19 questions? Our scientists have answers."

Journal of the American Medical Association: "Coronavirus infections-more than just the common cold."

Harvard Health Publishing: "That nagging cough."

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: "Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - United States, February 12 - March 16, 2020."

American Lung Association: "What causes pneumonia?" "Learn about ARDS."

Cleveland Clinic: "Here's the Damage Coronavirus (COVID-19) Can Do to Your Lungs."

Johns Hopkins Medicine: "I've been diagnosed with the new coronavirus disease, COVID-19. What should I expect?"

UpToDate: "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Epidemiology, virology, clinical features, diagnosis, and prevention."

CDC: "Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)."

Cleveland Clinic: "Here's the Damage Coronavirus (COVID-19) Can Do To Your Lungs."

American Academy of Ophthalmology: "Coronavirus Eye Safety."

The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology: "Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges."

Thrombosis Research: "Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19."

Medscape: "Kidney Complications in COVID-19 Send Hospitals Scrambling."

Consul General of the Official Colleges of Podiatrists, Spain: "COVID-19 Compatible Case Register."

New York City Health Department: "2020 Health Alert #13: Pediatric Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome Potentially Associated with COVID-19."

Nemours/KidsHealth: "Kawasaki Disease."

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how does novel coronavirus affect my body

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what does new coronavirus do to the body

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SOURCES: Raina McIntyre, PhD, NHMRC Principal Research Fellow, Professor of Global Biosecurity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. MedlinePlus: "Viral Infections," "Fever." CDC: "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)." Nature: "Virus." Science: "Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation." Genetics Home Reference: "What is a cell?"

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Is there a cure for Ebola, if so, how does it help recover from the disease?

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Is there a cure for Ebola, if so, how does it help recover from the disease?

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There is no specific medical treatment to Ebola according to the CDC. Whoever is infected with Ebola and needs treatment the CDC recommends providing intravenous fluids and balancing body salts, maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure are way to help with the disease.

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I've seen on the news how devastating the Ebola virus is, and I'm terrified for my nephew who currently works for an NGO in North Africa. Is Ebola curable? How is Ebola being treated?

The prognosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever is often poor; the death rate of this disease ranges from 50%-100%, and those who survive may experience the complications listed above. However, early diagnosis and treatment of Ebola may greatly increase the patient's chance for survival. Unfortunately, this disease has been mainly located in countries where medical care is often difficult to obtain, especially in rural areas of Africa. Current statistics available on the ongoing 2014-2015 outbreak (as of April 2016) of Ebola are summarized below:

Total suspected, probable, and confirmed infections worldwide equal 28,616, and total deaths equal 11,310 for a death rate or death toll of approximately 41%. An occasional new infection (at a low level) and deaths of current patients are unlikely to change these numbers substantially as the epidemic outbreak has ended according to the CDC. Fortunately, this epidemic of 2014-2016 did not become a pandemic but did show how rapidly a relatively rare disease like Ebola can rapidly infect a large number of individuals in this modern-day society.

According to the CDC and others, standard treatment for Ebola hemorrhagic fever is still limited to supportive therapy. Supportive therapy is balancing the patient's fluid and electrolytes, maintaining their oxygen status and blood pressure, and treating such patients for any complicating infections. Any patients suspected of having Ebola hemorrhagic fever should be isolated, and caregivers should wear protective garments. Currently, there is no specific medical treatment for Ebola hemorrhagic fever according to the CDC. The CDC recommends the following medical treatments for Ebola-infected patients:

Providing intravenous fluids (IV) and balancing electrolytes (body salts)

Maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure

Treating other infections if they occur

Health care professionals transport patients diagnosed with Ebola in the U.S. to special hospitals certified to treat Ebola patients. (Contact the CDC immediately for information for experimental vaccines, treatment protocols, and patient care and/or transfer to an appropriate facility.) The special hospitals were certified because of the problems experienced in a Texas hospital where the first patient in the U.S. was diagnosed with Ebola and subsequently spread the disease to hospital workers. Experimental medical treatments of Ebola infections include immune serum, antiviral drugs, possible blood transfusions, and supportive care in an intensive care hospital facility approved by the CDC to treat Ebola infections.

For more information, read our full medical article on Ebola.

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Henao-Restrepo, Ana Maria, et al. "Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomized trial (Ebola Ça Suffit!)." The Lancet 389.10068 Feb. 4, 2017: 505-518.<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)32621-6/fulltext>.

Regules, Jason A., et al. "A Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Ebola Vaccine." NEJM 376 (2017): 330-341. <http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1414216>.

Samb, Saliou. "Scale of Guinea's Ebola epidemic unprecedented: aid agency." Reuters. Mar. 31, 2014. <http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/31/us-guinea-ebola-idUSBREA2U10E20140331>.

Switzerland. World Health Organization. "Final trial results confirm Ebola vaccine provides high protection against disease." Dec. 23, 2016. <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/ebola-vaccine-results/en/>.

United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever." June 22, 2016. <http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/index.html>.

United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Chronology of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreaks." Apr. 7, 2014. <http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/resources/outbreak-table.html>.

United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients Under Investigation (PUIs) for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in U.S. Hospitals." Feb. 12, 2015. <http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/healthcare-us/hospitals/infection-control.html>.

United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bikoro." May 2018. <https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/drc/2018-may.html>.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Is Ebola Curable? How Is Ebola Being Treated?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
I've seen on the news how devastating the Ebola virus is, and I'm terrified for my nephew who currently works for an NGO in North Africa. Is Ebola curable? How is Ebola being treated? The prognosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever is often poor; the death rate of this disease ranges from 50%-100%, and those who survive may experience the complications listed above.

# data[].attributes.headline
Can people get congenital scoliosis after being born? If so, how is it possible?

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Can people get congenital scoliosis after being born? If so, how is it possible?

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Congenital Scoliosis occurs in every 1 in 10000 newborns, and occurs before birth during pregnancy.

Sometimes it is impossible to know until adolescence, but it was there since birth.

In summary, getting congenital scoliosis is impossible to receive after being born.

Sources:

OrthoInfo - https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/congenital-scoliosis/

Boston Children's Hospital - http://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/c/congenital-scoliosis

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What are the different ways coronavirus(COVID-19) can spread?

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What are the different ways coronavirus(COVID-19) can spread?

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As shown on the new and from other sources, the total number of COVID-19 cases has primarily only been increasing, but instead of asking why, you should also know how. Coronaviruses are respiratory illnesses, so people, at first, think to wear masks and facial protection to protect themselves, as well as disinfect surfaces, but it also helps to know why. There are mainly three different ways that COVID-19 can be spread: through droplets, airborne transmission, and surface transmission. Coronavirus can spread through droplets, because when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks without covering their mouth, tiny droplets go into the air, which can be inhaled by a person in a six foot radius. The virus can also be spread through airborne transmission; research has shown that COVID-19 can live in the air for up to 3 hours, and it is possible for you to breath the infected air and get the virus yourself. The final way for the coronavirus to be spread is through surface transmission; the virus can live on plastic and stainless steel surfaces for 2 to 3 three days, causing people who touch the infected surface and then touch their nose, mouth, or eyes to be infected with COVID-19 as well. This can be prevented by disinfecting and cleaning surfaces, as well as washing your hands and not touching your face.
Sources:
cdc.gov
webmd.com

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What are the effects on a human's life after surviving Lung Cancer?

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What are the effects on a human's life after surviving Lung Cancer?

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The median survival time after receiving surgery for lung cancer. 40% or 40 people out of a hundred usually live at most 5 years, but that is only referring to the most severe cases. Those that cured it in time can live long lives, with symptoms. Without curing it, death is certain, and lessens as it worsens.
Source: Life Expectancy

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The purpose of vaccines is for you to get memory t cells that will trigger a response to the disease being vaccinated against. Your body will remember the disease and produce antibodies fast and quickly the next time it intercepts the disease making you immune.  Every second you are getting attacked by bacteria and viruses but your body has developed immunity to nearly all and destroys them before the pathogen can do much damage. The flu mutates often and as a result a new flu vaccine needs to be developed. The flu vaccine is usually a very weak version of the flu pathogens or a tiny part just enough to trigger a response. The flu vaccine also usually vaccinated you against 3 or 4 types of influenza. The body will think it is being attacked by the real thing and  the immune system attacks it and then remembers it. as a result the next time that flu pathogen attacks you your body knows how to respond. Not all people can get a vaccine though and require herd immunity for protection.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/how-flu-vaccine-works/
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/downloads/vacsafe-understand-color-office.pdf

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How does coronavirus spread in a population?

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How does coronavirus spread in a population?

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The coronavirus spreads primarily from person to person through droplets that escape from an infected person when they sneeze, cough, or talk. These droplets may land on others’ nose or mouth if they are nearby (within 6 feet). It even spreads when you just breathe in the droplets. When droplets land in other areas, like your face, and you touch the droplets before getting in contact with your mouth/nose, the virus can still get into your body.

Other ways of getting the coronavirus are through touching surfaces that infected people have touched and then touching your nose or mouth. The virus can live on stainless steel and plastic for 2-3 whole days. It is also possible to get coronavirus from animals, though it is not very common for that to happen.

The best way to keep you and your family safe is to avoid contact with people, as that is the primary way to get infected, wash your hands often to avoid getting the virus on them, wear a mask and gloves, stand at least 6 feet away from people, and stay at home if you do not feel well or have symptoms of the virus.

Sources:

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html

https://health.usnews.com/conditions/articles/how-does-coronavirus-spread

https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-transmission-overview#3

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/animals.html

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What's the difference between osteogenesis imperfecta and osteoporosis?

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What's the difference between osteogenesis imperfecta and osteoporosis?

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Osteoporosis is a disease in which those affected have porous, less dense bone and structural deterioration of bone tissue. This causes bones to be more fragile and prone to breaks and fractures. Osteoporosis is silent and undetected until a fracture occurs. If osteoporosis goes continually undetected, it can grow worse with age.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disease in which those affected have brittle bones, causing them to be more fragile and prone to breaks and fractures.

https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/osteogenesis-imperfecta/type-1
https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/osteoporosis/overview
https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/osteoporosis/conditions-behaviors/osteoporosis-oi

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How do brain cells die within a patient with Alzheimer's? 

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How do brain cells die within a patient with Alzheimer's? 

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Alzheimer's disease typically destroys neurons and their connections in parts of the brain that are involved with memory. One of the proteins in neurons, named amyloid beta protein,  is found in the space around a healthy brain. With Alzheimer's, these proteins form clumps called amyloid plaques.  Tau protein which is responsible for maintaining neuronal structure is also found mis-folded in people with Alzheimer's. This is found inside the neuron in neurofibrillary tangles. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter. This stops the neuron from transmitting signals to target cells. This results in inability to move muscles.

https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6K10aif0tE

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Does Diabetes effect the humans heart and life span?

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Does Diabetes effect the humans heart and life span?

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Diabetes does effect the human heart, because if your blood sugar is too high, that leads to damaging your blood vessels and nerves. Your blood vessels and nerves help control your heart. People with diabetes usually have heart disease as well. Diabetes does effect a persons life span. Type 1 diabetes is effected by 20 years, and type 2 is effected by 10 years.

https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes-life-expectancy.html

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/heart-disease-stroke

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Who does Leukemia affect, children,teens, or adults?

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Who does Leukemia affect, children,teens, or adults?

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The number of new cases of leukemia diagnosed in the United States each year is about 14 per 100,000 men and women or 61,000 new cases per year. It is the tenth most common cancer according to new cases diagnosed each year. Leukemia accounts for 3.5% of all new cancer cases in the United States.

Leukemia is often considered a disease of children, yet it actually affects far more adults. In fact, the likelihood of developing this cancer increases with age. Leukemia is most frequently diagnosed in people 65 to 74 years of age.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4365-leukemia

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PTSD is a disorder in which a person has difficulty recovering after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event. The most significant neurological impact of trauma is seen in the hippocampus.  Patients with PTSD show a reduction in the volume of the hippocampus. The hippocampus is the region of the brain responsible for memory functions. It also helps us distinguish the past from the present.  PTSD patients with reduced hippocampal volume lose the ability to discriminate between past and present experiences or correctly interpret environmental contexts. For example a war veteran can't watch violent movies because they remind him/her of their time during the war. PTSD also affects the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which regulates emotional responses triggered by the amygdala. PTSD patients typically show a loss in volume of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. This explains why people suffering from PTSD tend to exhibit fear, anxiety, and extreme stress responses even when faced with stimuli not connected, or only remotely connected, to their experiences from the past. Finally, PTSD affects the amygdala. This region of the brain helps us process emotions and is also linked to fear responses. People with PTSD exhibit hyperactivity in the amygdala in response to stimuli related to their traumatic experience.

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When diagnosed with menorrhagia, there are many different ways to go about medical treatment based on the result of the doctors test. Such as NSAIDs, tranexamic acid, oral contraceptive, oral progesterone, and hormonal IUD.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menorrhagia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352834,

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Is Coronary Artery Disease common? If so, why?

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Is Coronary Artery Disease common? If so, why?

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There are about 3 million cases in the U.S. of Coronary Heart Disease. This makes this disease very common. There are some key factors that can result in CAD: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. About half of Americans (47%) have one of these risk factors. Along with this, obesity, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and too much alcohol use can cause Coronary Artery Disease. Not only is it important to keep your physical health up, but your mental and emotional health plays a huge role in CAD.

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Will warm weather stop the rapid spread of the Corona Virus?

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Will warm weather stop the rapid spread of the Corona Virus?

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The answer is probably not, but the spread of viruses tends to be more rapid in colder weather so it will definitely slow down the transmission. Recent studies show that COVID-19 is not like a seasonal flu and there is weak evidence that the high temperatures will help the virus vanish. Having warm weather definitely does not mean to ditch all social distancing. As the temperatures rise we will learn more from scientists about whether the temperature will have an effect on the Corona Virus. Plenty of other respiratory viral infections are seasonal so it is still unclear and will be for a while until temperatures rise up for a while. The virus is still spreading in places with high temperatures such as Africa so don't keep your hopes up too high. Even if the virus were to die down due to the hot temperatures it would still make its way back by fall and winter time. But as of now it is unclear whether the virus will slow down in warm weather.
Sources:
https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/04/24/nation/no-warm-weather-will-not-kill-coronavirus/
https://www.shape.com/lifestyle/mind-and-body/will-warm-weather-slow-coronavirus

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Type 2 diabetes is found mostly in older people and is caused by the persons daily habits, like eating and exercising and it may be linked to genetics but there is no proof of this so far.
Type 1 Diabetes is found in children normally from the ages of 7-13 and there is actually no real evidence of what causes it. People with type 1 diabetes don't have insulin because of something that causes their body to confuse it for a germ and kill it and most people with this don't notice it until they consume a lot of sugar/carbohydrates. Researchers assumed it to be genetics but there isn't any hard proof so we still don't know the true cause of type 1 diabetes.

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Parkinson's disease occurs when nerve cells, or neurons, in an area of the brain that controls movement become impaired and/or die. Normally, these neurons produce an important brain chemical known as dopamine. When the neurons die or become impaired, they produce less dopamine, which causes the movement problems of Parkinson's. People with Parkinson's also lose the nerve endings that produce norepinephrine, the main chemical messenger of the sympathetic nervous system, which controls many automatic functions of the body, such as heart rate and blood pressure. This loss of norepinephrine is the main reason that people lose the ability to move properly.

Sources:
https://www.nia.nih.gov/

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Has nature created any countermeasures against cancer? If so, what are they?

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Has nature created any countermeasures against cancer? If so, what are they?

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There are barely any treatments for cancer, and many of them are unreliable and work half the time. Most treatments are artificial, and scientists have not found natural countermeasures in the body to cancer. Artificial treatments include chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, and immunotherapy. These treatments all focus on eliminating the cancer cells. Chemotherapy utilizes drugs to kill the cells, surgery to remove the part of the body with the cancer cells, radiation to kill the cells, and immunotherapy to boost the immune system.

Source: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types

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How do diseases that infect other animals infect humans?

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How do diseases that infect other animals infect humans?

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Zoonotic diseases are diseases that are in animals that can transmit to humans. Zoonotic diseases can infect by direct or indirect contact. Direct can be eating the meat or being in contact with bodily fluids like saliva or blood. Indirectly infection is by the surfaces the animal has been in contact with. Water is also another way diseases can spread from animals. Most deadly diseases originate in other animals which the adaption to that animal being different from a human can kill. The reason America did not have an "Americapox" is because of rural conditions and minimized animal contact.
https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/zoonotic-diseases.html