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Marxism influenced Russian leaders

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Trotsky was a Jew during a time when there was a lot of anti-semitism in Russia.

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His high school was raided by authorities

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The Russians call it the “February Revolution” even though it happened in March because, in 1917, Russia was still using the calendar Julius Caesar created in 45 B.C. — which shows you just how backward Russia was at the time

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Stalin transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian regime and an industrial and political power.

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Prince Felix and group of nobles decided to kill Rasputin for they believed that he was being a threat to the empire.

Rasputin's body was later found in the river.

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- In Socialism, individuals can own private property, but productions are communally owned and controlled by democratic election of the government.
- In Communism, all economic resources are owned by public and controlled by government. Also, individuals cannot hold the private property

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There was an assassination attempt but it failed :( <-- from nobles and people of Russia

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Established the Bolshevik Party

Gathered workers and peasants and organized the Red Guards to seize power.

Bolshevik party revolted during the Russian Revolution to take control.

Lenin's Red Army won a civil war against the White army and established USSR, thus uniting Russia.

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The Royal Family, especially Queen Alexandra, believed that he had performed a "miracle" and healed Alexei.
He eventually became really powerful especially in court. His status became really stable.
Other officials recommended the Royal Family to get away from Rasputin, but the Royal Family didn't listen.

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Real Name: Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov

A self-declared Marxist

Took on the pseudonym Lenin and established the Bolshevik Party

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5 May 1818 ~ 14 March 1883

German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary

Wrote about in economics and politics
Most important work is Das Kapitalor or The Capital: describes how capitalism works and the problems this creates (division of labor, exploitation, alienation)

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Trotsky was assassinated by an ice-pick to the head from a cowardly Stalinist assassin, he soon fell into a coma and died the following day

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Economic failure

pressure on the peasants

printed more money

led to high inflation

increase cost of basic needs

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Class-based purge and executions
Those targeted by the purge were either banished or executed.
People who resisted Soviet Rule were the targeted.
The Great Turn:
Capitalistic economy --> command economy

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During a mobbed public celebration of the coronation near Moscow, thousands of people were stampeded to death. Nicholas didn’t notice! Or care

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-Trotsky wasn't always a bolshevik like Stalin. He used to be a Menshevik.
-Trotsky organized the 1917 revolution, and he was militarily dominant, whereas Stalin was politically dominant.
-Stalin wanted revolution within Russia before going to other countries, Trotsky wanted to start a whole world revolution right away.
-Trotsky was a better speaker and thinker, writing on communism a lot. Stalin was a better politician and was able to outmaneuver Trotsky politically.
-Stalin was stronger and more sturdy, but Trotsky eventually went crazy when trying to start the revolution.

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historical materialism: history is the result of material conditions, not  ideas

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Peasants & workers super angry

forced peasants to work in feudal system

working class was forced to pay heavy taxes

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- Stalin was born in a peasant village!
- Stalin's name means: man of steel
- Stalin changed his own birthday to confuse the Tsarist officers.
- Stalin initially wanted to become a priest.
- Stalin was twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.

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To modernize Russia
- Stalin's main goal wasn't global revolution, it was modernizing Russia
defeat Nazism

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Take power from aristocracy because they were oppressive

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Rasputin- ригорий Ефимович Распутин

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Rasputin- ригорий Ефимович Распутин

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Raputin was a "healer" of prince Alexei who suffered from hemophilia

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Trotskyism:

Marxist ideology based on idea of permanent revolution

Permanent revolution: Communist Revolution should continue nonstop until the entire world was united in a worker's paradise

Successful russian revolution had to depend on other revolutions around the country

He viewed the economic system as a world system

Theory also emphasized the hegemony of the working class over the revolutionary class

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Nicholas was the last Czar and was part of the Romanov dynasty. He was a garbage ruler. He was really unpopular because of how he lead, especially during WWI. He knew that he was a garbage ruler and even told his friend that he wasn’t ready to rule. He abdicated from the throne and was later killed.

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Value leisure, education, and equality
No private property or inherited wealth
Opposite to capitalism: believes capitalism is flawed

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Start: 1917 March 8
End: 1918 Jan 6

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Military defeat in WW1

Worker's rights issues

Dissatisfaction of Tsar

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*What are the main principles?
*How is it different from communism?

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*What were his main beliefs?
*What beliefs impacted Russian leaders?

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Was a Soviet revolutionary, Marxist theorist, and politician whose particular strain of Marxist thought is known as Trotskyism
*How is he different from Stalin?
*What were his beliefs/policies?

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*Main Beliefs
*Memorable actions and policies (good and bad)

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*What significant role did he play in Russian history?
*How did he unite Russia?

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*What caused this to happen?
*When did it start/end?
*What was the goal of the revolution?

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*What caused Imperial Russia to end?
*What is this era known for in history?
*What family dynasty was last in power? (and how  did that last Czar rule?)

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- Social and economic system
- Everyone is part of factors of production (Land, Labor, Capital, Entrepreneurship)
- The ownership can be shared equally