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Made by Bitto Tomy and Steven Chen

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This is a website dedicated to report alien sightings, training others for alien hunting and giving information related to alien sightings. The website states that they believe in the existence of alien and provide researched information too.

Connection:
The red flag associated with this website is proof by verbosity, because the website provided  information about the existence of alien life and presented many details from different UFO sightings from around the world, but without any evidence. There are 2 other red flags; appeal to authority, because in many of their findings and theories that support the existence of alien life, they use people like the US navy. Their homepage itself shows an article in which the navy confirms the existence of UFOs and confirmation bias, because  in this website, they are only looking at one side of the coin which is the existence of alien life, they are not trying to give or look on the other side that is the non-existence of alien life.
The reason for belief in this website is patternicity and unexplained, because all the sightings given in the website is related to people seeing a strange shape in the sky and thinking that it is alike to a UFO. The website is focused and determined to prove the existence of alien life which is a goal derived from an unanswered question, making people more interested in it. The pseudoscience watch-lists found in this website are deliberately trying to create mystery and results can't be reproduced or verified, because the website appeals to our need for excitement. They ask everyone to join them and be a member who looks for alien life, which can attract more people and all the details given in the website do not have evidence that is scientifically proven, all evidence was made by interviews and reports given by different people. Limitations found in the website include; the fact that anyone can give UFO sighting details and stories to the website which are posted without any fact checks, making the website a forum to post stories on UFOs.

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Recent UFO Sightings | Daily Alien News & Encounters

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Discover the truth about UFOs. At Mufon, find out more about recent UFO sightings, daily UFO sightings, alien news and alien encounters.

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This website shows when we will be able to discover alien life according to the Drake's equation, developed by an astrophysicist named Drake. This equation helps to find the number of active extraterrestrial life beings in the universe and with this data, the website shows us how many years it will take us to meet alien life forms.

Connection:
The red flag associated with this website is proof by verbosity, because a lot of information that is given in this website shows that alien life exists and we will find it in 2040, even when Drake's equation is just a hypothesis. The equation has a lot of potential, but the variable taken to do the equation is based on assumptions and not on any strong variable making the equation a hypothesis.The reason for belief is unexplained, because "Does alien life really exist?" is an unanswered question, this website tries to prove that it exists. The pseudoscience watch-list associated with this article is results can't be verified, because the result or equation won't give any accurate information and all the details given in the website are based on assumptions. Applying critical thinking and skepticism, we can find that the Drake's equation and details given in the website are being used by scientist in the search of alien life forms, but they are trying to correct it, to make a more  accurate model. In a way, the website is good to understand the basic facts of Drake's equation and how it's helping in proving alien life existence, but right now it's still just an assumption.

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In 2040, Americans plan to vote in a U.S. presidential election. Japan promises to stop using nuclear power. Britain's Prince George will turn the ripe age of 27. And, as the interactive above demonstrates, the world is likely to find alien life. It could happen even sooner, depending how many civilizations are out there to be found. To understand why this is, it helps to know about someone name Frank Drake.

Drake is the least lonely man on Earth-if not in the entire galaxy. Most of us are reserving judgment on whether there is intelligent life on other planets; we haven't even found bacteria yet, much less a race of aliens with Internet service and takeout food. But Drake, an astrophysicist and chairman emeritus of the California-based SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute, has no such doubts.

It was in 1961, when he was working at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, W. Va., that Drake developed the eponymous-and now famous-Drake Equation, which calculates how many advanced and detectable civilizations there should be in the Milky Way in any one year. The number turns out to be potentially huge, and while it's admittedly based on a number of Earth-centric suppositions-the collapse of any one of which calls much of the equation into question-all of those suppositions are based in increasingly solid science.

Start with the number of stars in our galaxy, which is conservatively estimated at 100 billion, though is often cited as three times that. Of those 100 billion, from 20% to 50% probably harbor planetary systems-an estimate that becomes more and more reliable as the Kepler Space Telescope and various ground-based observatories detect increasing numbers of exoplanets.

Not all of those exoplanets would be capable of sustaining Earth-like life, so the equation assumes from 1 to 5 in any system could. Of those bio-friendly worlds, from 0% to 100% would actually go on to develop life. And of those world, in turn, from 0% to 100% would develop life forms that we would consider intelligent.

The mere existence of intelligent life forms tells us nothing, however, unless they have the ability to make themselves known-which means to manipulate radio waves and other forms of electromagnetic signaling. Drake estimates that from 10% to 20% of the smart civilizations would clear that bar.

Finally, and perhaps most anthropocentrically, the equation considers how long any one of those semaphoring civilizations would be around to blink their signals our way. A sun like ours survives for about 10 billion years; life on Earth has been around for only about 3.5 billion years, and humans have been radio-capable for barely a century.

If we destroy ourselves in an environmental or nuclear holocaust tomorrow, our signal will go dark then. If we survive for tens of thousands of years, we will be announcing our presence to the cosmos for far longer-and the same is true of all of the other civilizations that live in the Milky Way.

Factor all of this together and stir in a little statistical seasoning concerning our increasing ability to study other star systems for signals, and, as the above interactive shows-the results can vary wildly. If you play the game conservatively-lowballing all of the variables-you might get about 1,000 detectable civilizations out there at any given time. Play it more liberally and you get hundreds of millions. The interactive let's you play that game yourself. Imagine there are 10,000 detectable civilizations and we are likely to find alien life by 2040. If there are a million, we'd discover alien life by 2028.

Nobody pretends the Drake Equation is the final word. Even its enthusiasts admit that it is, at best, a way to "organize our ignorance." But organized ignorance is a whole lot better than the disorganized kind; and it is, almost always, a starting point toward wisdom.
Methodology
Astronomers looking for alien signals have examined only a few thousand star systems so far. But as SETI Institute senior astronomer Seth Shostak has noted, the rate at which researchers are able to process the massive amounts of data that radio telescopes receive doubles approximately every 18 months to two years, meaning it grows by a factor of ten every six years or so.

The Milky Way has around 100 billion (10 ¹¹) star systems that could conceivably host intelligent life under our current assumptions. An estimate of 100,000 (10 ⁵) active civilizations in the galaxy would mean one per million star systems. At the exponential rate of growth in signal processing, researchers will have examined one million candidates by around 2034, bringing the odds of a discovery into the probable. Adding or removing a zero from the estimate of the number of civilizations out there merely adds or subtracts six years from the estimate, respectively, since that's how long it takes to expand our search proportionally. See you in 2040, aliens.

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This article shows different theories as to why aliens haven't contacted us or why they haven't responded to our messages. The main hypothesis given by METI (Messaging for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence) scientists is the "zoo hypothesis", a theory that suggests that aliens are looking down on us, similar to how we look at zoo animals. Another theory the article states is the "quarantine theory", regarding to which aliens are keeping us in quarantine because they don't want us to know about them as it can be culturally disruptive.

Connection:
I find the red flag is appeal to authority, because in this article the writer uses the support of scientists to say that alien life exists and why they are not contacting us. Everything given in the website is based on hypothesis and assumption. There is no scientific proof or evidence to backup this theory and hypothesis. The pseudoscience watch-list that is associated with this article is results can't be reproduced or verified, because everything in this website is just theories without any experimental or evidence confirmation supporting them.

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Are we alone? Probably not. After all, astronomers have already found 4,001 confirmed exoplanets in our Milky Way galaxy, and expect there to be over 50 billion exoplanets out there. For scientists gathering in Paris today, the question is different: why haven't we made contact with alien civilizations?
What is the Fermi Paradox and the "Great Silence?"
Italian physicist Enrico Fermi asked 'where is everybody?' back in 1950 in what's now called the Fermi Paradox. It addresses a contradiction in astronomy, and can be summarized thus: if extraterrestrial life and even intelligent alien civilizations are not just likely, but highly probable, then why have none of them been in contact with us? Are there biological or sociological explanations for this "Great Silence?"

"We are very interested in the scientific approach used in the analysis of the Fermi Paradox and the search for intelligent life in the universe," said Cyril Birnbaum and Brigitte David at the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie (Cité), the science museum in Paris that's hosting today's meeting. "The question 'Are we alone?' affects us all, because it is directly related to humanity and our place in the cosmos."
What are scientists doing in Paris?
Today, leading researchers from the fields of astrophysics, biology, sociology, psychology, and history are meeting at the Cité. "Every two years, METI International (METI stands for messaging extraterrestrial intelligence) organizes a one-day workshop in Paris as part of a series of workshops entitled What is Life? An Extraterrestrial Perspective, " said Florence Raulin Cerceau, co-chair of the workshop and a member of METI's Board of Directors. The scientists are discussing some pretty insane-sounding questions:

Are extraterrestrials staying silent out of concern for how contact would impact humanity?

Do we live in a "galactic zoo?"

Should we send intentional radio messages to nearby stars to signal humanity's interest in joining the "galactic club?"

Will extraterrestrial intelligence be similar to human intelligence?

Did life get to earth from elsewhere in the galaxy (interstellar migration)?

"This puzzle of why we haven't detected extraterrestrial life has been discussed often, but in this workshop's unique focus, many of the talks tackled a controversial explanation first suggested in the 1970s called the 'zoo hypothesis,'" said Raulin Cerceau. Ah yes, the idea that we're being watched by aliens and ... perhaps even being protected by them.
What is the "zoo hypothesis"?
This is a mind-warping idea that there are alien civilizations out there ( no, not on Oumuamua) that know all about us, but purposefully hide from us. It certainly explains the "Great Silence." "Perhaps extraterrestrials are watching humans on Earth, much like we watch animals in a zoo," explains Douglas Vakoch, president of METI. "How can we get the galactic zookeepers to reveal themselves?" At a workshop, Vakoch proposed that humans should be more active in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. "If we went to a zoo and suddenly a zebra turned toward us, looked us in the eye, and started pounding out a series of prime numbers with its hoof, that would establish a radically different relationship between us and the zebra, and we would feel compelled to respond," he said.

It's hard to disagree with that. "We can do the same with extraterrestrials by transmitting powerful, intentional, information-rich radio signals to nearby stars," he said.
What is the "galactic quarantine" theory?
Think the "zoo hypothesis" theory is insane? That's nothing compared to another theory about alien benevolence. "It seems likely that extraterrestrials are imposing a 'galactic quarantine' because they realize it would be culturally disruptive for us to learn about them," said Jean-Pierre Rospars, the honorary research director at the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and co-chair of the workshop. "Cognitive evolution on Earth shows random features while also following predictable paths ... we can expect the repeated, independent emergence of intelligent species in the universe, and we should expect to see more or less similar forms of intelligence everywhere, under favorable conditions," he added. "There's no reason to think that humans have reached the highest cognitive level possible. Higher levels might evolve on Earth in the future and already be reached elsewhere."
What does the Drake Equation try to do?
A formula to estimate the number of technological civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy, the Drake Equation is an attempt to put the Fermi Paradox into numbers. The Drake Equation was posited in 1961 by Dr. Frank Drake, a radio astronomer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia.
What is the Drake Equation?
OK, don't expect any answers here. The formula below, which comes from the SETI Institute might seem impressive, but it's mostly guesswork. Practically speaking, its purpose is not to find a definitive answer, but to keep the discussion going about the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
N = R* x fp x ne x fl x fi x fc x L
N = The number of civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy whose electromagnetic emissions are detectable.

R = The rate of formation of stars suitable for the development of intelligent life.

fp = The fraction of those stars with planetary systems.

ne = The number of planets, per solar system, with an environment suitable for life.

fl = The fraction of suitable planets on which life actually appears.

fi = The fraction of life bearing planets on which intelligent life emerges.

fc = The fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into space.

L = The length of time such civilizations release detectable signals into space.

METI puts a special emphasis on those last three terms, which explore not just the frequency of intelligence-bearing worlds, but how long they last ( before they get wiped out).
Radio astronomy Vs interstellar colonization
While for now, radio astronomy is the only practical way of humans sending messages out into the cosmos, says one scientist, only full-blown colonization of other stars is the only way to prove the existence of intelligent life. "It appears that although radio communications provide a natural means for searching for extra-terrestrial intelligence for civilizations younger than a few millennia, older civilizations should rather develop extensive programs of interstellar colonization," said Nicolas Prantzos, director of research of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), in advance of Monday's meeting. "T his is the only way to achieve undisputable evidence, either for or against the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence, within their lifetime."
Why aliens could be very different from humans
Why should they be even remotely similar? "The environment on an exoplanet will impose its own rules," said Roland Lehoucq, an astrophysicist who works at the Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA). "There is no trend in biological evolution: the huge range of various morphologies observed on Earth renders any exobiological speculation improbable, at least for macroscopic 'complex' life." Skeptical that humans would have much in common with extraterrestrial life forms, Lehocq discussed "our persistent anthropocentrism in our understanding and description of alien life" and how difficult it is for humans to imagine extraterrestrial intelligence radically different from ourselves.

In short? We're too self-obsessed to even imagine extraterrestrial life, let alone find and communicate with it, and if there's not going to be proof within our lifetimes, we're not much interested in looking. Is there intelligent life out there? Probably, but we'll probably never find it.
Wishing you clear skies and wide eyes
--

Follow me on Twitter @jamieacarter, @TheNextEclipse or read my other Forbes articles via my profile page.

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Are We In A 'Galactic Zoo' Protected By Aliens? Scientists Meet To Investigate The 'Great Silence'

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Are we alone? Probably not. After all, astronomers have already found 4,001 confirmed exoplanets in our Milky Way galaxy, and expect there to be over 50 billion exoplanets out there. For scientists gathering in Paris today, the question is different: why haven't we made contact with alien civilizations?

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This is a recently unearthed picture of an Apollo lunar mission. The conspiracy theorist who unearthed this picture states that the greenish yellow shape seen in this picture is a UFO.

Connection:
The red flag attached with this picture is confirmation bias, because the greenish yellow blur seems like a lens flare, but the conspirator doesn't want to look towards this side of the picture, he concluded that the green blur was a UFO. More research on this picture showed that the green blur was actually a lens flare and not a UFO. The reason for belief is patternicity, because the disk shape of green blur made him think that it was a UFO. The main pseudoscience watch-list associated with this picture is money is often involved, because whoever uploaded this picture did this to achieve fame and money. By applying critical thinking and skepticism one can easily find out that it's a hoax as it is almost obvious that it is just a lens flare on the camera.

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This is a picture taken in the USA, showing a huge white light in the sky. People assumed that it was a huge alien invasion on Earth and it was a UFO but it was actually gas emissions from a rocket launched by SpaceX.

Connection
The red flag associated with this picture is confusion of correlation with causation, because the picture shows the white light produced by the launched rocket but people assumed it was an alien invasion and the huge bright light as a UFO. The reason for belief is patternicity, because someone seeing a shape similar to a UFO, would believe it to be a UFO, even when it was just an exhausted gas. Another reason for belief is unexplained, because the events happening in the sky was not something that common people may know, it was an in-explainable event for normal people so everyone assumed it was an alien invasion, which shows more reasons for belief such as agenticity. Applying critical thinking, one can easily find out that this was no UFO, because SpaceX confirmed that this was gas exhausted from their rocket and no alien invasion and anyone can find this information if the research was done and collected.

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This image displays a mountainous region which is potentially high in altitude as there is visible (what seems like) snow. For the most part, the image is a good quality, clear image with a strange dark disk in the air of the picture.

Connection:
No red flags are present in this image but reasons for belief that are included in with this image is patternicity and agenticity. This image is able to sway the beliefs of people because of the dark disk spot on the image. Its shape is unfamiliar and in the sky, so people's, almost "natural" reaction to this is to associate it with UFOs, this is an example of agenticity. An example of patternicity would be someone seeing this image, and because of its "familiar" shape or appearance, would believe it to be a UFO. Applying the critical thinking process and skepticism to this image would result in more reasons for belief such as unexplained, because there is no proven, "real" information on sightings like this. A flaw for this image is the image itself, moving objects in the air are naturally blurry, so having a UFO flying in the air being so clear means it is either photo-shopped or the "UFO" is just strangely floating in the air, still enough for a camera to capture an almost perfect image. Another flaw would be how stereotypical the UFO in the image seems. Limitations of the image include the fact that its only an image, and could have been altered anyway the "photographer" wanted.

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This video is about the US Navy confirming that UFOs are real. The video contains UFO sightings from the US pilots in the air, encountering strangely shaped objects in the air that are rotating and "flying" against winds of 120 knots. The UFOs have been titled "Unidentified Aerial Phenomena" by the US Navy.

Connection:
This video connects to the appeal to authority red flag because the inclusion of the US Navy's opinion on the existence of UFOs will doubtlessly cause others to begin believing in UFOs without apply the critical thinking process and skepticism to UFO sightings. Applying all the steps in the critical thinking process will allow someone to reevaluate their own reasons for belief. People may believe in UFOs because it is unexplained, we do not know whether or not extraterrestrials or UFOs truly exist, so to "fill" the void of not knowing, people choose to believe or "explain" it through believing in UFOs. More, less obvious reasons for belief include agenticity and patternicity. People may see strange objects in the sky that resemble what they think looks like a UFO, and so associate it with aliens (patternicity) or they see a strange object in the sky and correlate it with/as a UFO (agenticity). A flaw for this video is the fact that because it is footage from the US Navy, people are less likely to confirm whether or not these sightings are real, people are not going to apply the critical thinking process. Limitations of this source include the unclear footage of the supposed UFOs, which affects the reliability of the video.

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us navy confirms ufo videos are the real deal - cnn video

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US Navy confirms UFO videos are the real deal - CNN Video

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The US Navy has confirmed that certain UFO videos made public over the past several years do indeed show "unidentified aerial phenomena."

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This video has people on a ferry, in the middle of the ocean and strange lights in the far distance of the oceans. The shapes are indistinguishable and the recorder does not stop to zoom in or try to get a clearer image.

Connection:
A red flag present in this video is red herring. The recorded of the video does not stop to try to zoom in or get a clearer image of the strange lights in the distance, he instead justifies that the lights are UFOs by saying that because he is in the middle of the ocean and there are random lights in the sky, this is proof UFOs are real, which shouldn't be considered as a proper explanation. Applying the critical thinking process and skepticism reveals that agenticity and unexplained are the reasons for belief in this video. The man in the video associates the unknown lights as UFOs, which is an example of both agenticity and unexplained reasons for belief. Flaws included with this video is the location of which it was recorded. It was recorded near the coast of North Carolina, which is home to N.C.'s only military base. Limitations in the video is the very vague and short duration of the recording, hardly giving any chance to apply the critical thinking process

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A video claiming to depict a "real UFO sighting" off the coast of North Carolina has sparked intense debate about the origin of the several lights shown floating together over the water in the clip.

YouTube user William Guy posted the original video on Sept. 28, and it's accumulated more than 420,000 views since it first appeared online. The 30-second clip was shot from a ferry at sunset off the Outer Banks in N.C., according to the Charlotte Observer.

"Anybody tell me what that is?" a man says in the video. "We're in the middle of the ocean, on a ferry, nothing around." He pans the camera around in a circle to demonstrate his location. "Nothing around. No land, no nothing."

The so-called "UFOs" appear as 14 pinpoints of light clustered in a rough line over the water in the distance, seemingly among the clouds.

"You only see this stuff on TV," another voice on the boat says.

Guy told the Charlotte Observer he recorded the footage on Sept. 18 in Pamlico Sound, a body of water separating the Outer Banks from mainland North Carolina. He said he was on a ferry travelling from Ocracoke Island to Swan Quarter on the mainland when he spotted the lights.

The video triggered fierce debate in its comments section, where UFO enthusiasts embraced it as evidence of extraterrestrial visitors, while skeptics suggested the lights were likely linked to one of the nearby military bases in North Carolina.

"I guarantee they are parachute flares and fell into the ocean," user Defensive Strategies, LLC wrote in a comment on Monday. "Military base not far from there and lots of military operations areas around there."

User Derrick Chennault, who claimed to be a former Marine based in Cherry Point, N.C., also described the lights as flares.

"We used to regularly drop flares out of the back of our plane in the evenings for military exercises in that area," he wrote. "They are one million candle power each so they were pretty bright and can be seen from far away and floated down slow as they hung from a parachute."

Several others who claimed to have military experience also attributed the sighting to parachute flares. Interestingly, a spokesperson for Seymour Johnson Air Force Base in North Carolina told Fox News that no aircraft were in the area on the day Guy's video was posted.

One user suggested flagging the video to Tom DeLonge, the Blink-182 band member and co-founder of an alien research group called To the Stars Academy of Arts & Science.

A U.S. Navy spokesperson confirmed earlier this year that three UFO videos released through DeLonge's organization were authentic. However, the spokesperson did not provide an explanation for what he described as "unidentified aerial phenomena."

The spokesperson said he was acknowledging the videos because these unexplained phenomena might present a danger to pilots.

That confirmation emerged amid a major pop-culture moment for UFO enthusiasts as they prepared for a viral event to "storm Area 51" in the Nevada desert on Sept. 20. The tongue-in-cheek event ultimately played out as a series of music concerts, parties and protests about aliens.

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'Real UFO' video shows several bright lights hovering off N.C. coast

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A video claiming to depict a "real UFO sighting" off the coast of North Carolina has sparked intense debate about the origin of the several lights shown floating together over the water in the clip. YouTube user William Guy posted the original video on Sept.

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This video is about a UFO sighting in 2008 by a man who reported it to the police. The police thought it was a joke at the time, until they saw it for themselves. Six people, including five police officers saw what they all described as a large triangular object with huge lights on it, slowly moving through the air in complete silence.

Connection:
A red flag present in this video is appeal to authority. The officers "confirmation" of a UFO makes it more likely for people to believe in the existence of UFOs. Applying the critical thinking process and skepticism to this video uncovers several reasons for belief such as agenticity and unexplained. The strange unknown and unfamiliar objects in the sky cause people to assume that it is a UFO because no matter how they try to process an object in the sky, it is impossible to conceptualize what it is if it doesn't look like a plane, jet or helicopter, these are examples of unexplained and agenticity reasons for belief. Flaws of this video include the unreasonableness of the events. If the object was so bright and as large as a football field and flying as low as the trees, just like the police officer reported, how could only six people be aware of it. Limitations of the video include the lack of information from other people, such as there being five police officers , but only a few of them actually reported what they saw.

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Police Confirmed UFO Sighting | National Geographic

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1.
After researching this topic, it was surprising how many UFO sightings are reported and how frequently they are reported on by journalists. Though most of them are hoaxes, a few major ones such as where even the US Navy were convinced UFOs were real was really strange.

2.
If UFOs and aliens were real, it would be relevant to everyone. Would knowing the existence of aliens and UFOs positively or negatively affect us all? If aliens were real, whether they were hostile or not would be an important factor that could affect everyone on Earth.

3.
The research on the videos was the most interesting. Hearing people's reactions and reports on what they saw in the sky is very interesting, because even when looked at by us as an audience, we can also neither confirm or disprove the existence of UFOs and it is highly unlikely be able to identify what these objects in the air are.

4.
A fact that I would remember from this research would be the fact that even the US Navy encountered a strange flying object that was strangely rotating in the sky. Even the speed it was flying through the air against such strong winds was very interesting.

5.
The most harmful pseudoscience belief would be agenticity, because providing a baseless answer to an unanswered question will just influence and make people believe things that they sometimes should not. The most harmless would be unexplained, as long as you keep an open mind. Believing something to fill a figurative "void" of knowing what something is okay, as long as you are able to change beliefs when an answer is found.

6.
The most important thing to teach people is the critical thinking process and skepticism. If you are able to observe, question and be skeptic about a theory, you are less likely to believe in the "wrong" things.