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Genesis 1:1-9

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Bible Gateway passage: Genesis 11:1-9 - New International Version

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The Tower of Babel - Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there. They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. Then they said,…

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- July is Native American heritage month
- There were many Native American tribes in Mississippi
-  The Choctaw were the most populous by far and remain so to this day

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Mississippi, once home to a greater variety of indigenous tribes than any other southeastern state, is celebrating its Native American heritage during the month of July.

Though many people are familiar with places throughout the state that hold Native American names - including Yalobusha, Itawamba and Mississippi itself - few realize just how many native peoples made their home in Mississippi. Up into the 1700s, local tribes included the Acolapissa, Biloxi and Pascagoula tribes on the Gulf Coast; the Bayougoula, Houma and Natchez tribes on the lower Mississippi; and the Chakchiuma, lbitoupa, Koroa, Ofogoula, Taposa, Tiou, Tunica and Yazoo tribes on the Yazoo River in the Mississippi Delta. The original Mississippians were most likely the Choctaw, who date back to the early 1500s. The Choctaw were the most populous by far and remain so to this day.

Visitors to the region can immerse themselves in Choctaw culture by stopping by the Choctaw Heritage Museum or attending the annual Choctaw Indian Fair, held every summer in July. This regionally renowned event is host to the World Champion Stickball Games and includes a celebration of tribal music, crafts and traditions.

If you want to come face-to-face with the most impressive landmarks of the ancient past, plan a visit to Mississippi's mound sites, showcasing well-preserved, Native American mounds built of earth. These mounds were the centers of daily and spiritual life, and you can find sites remaining across the state. Among the most visited are the Winterville Mound site, located in Greenville, and the Pocahontas Mound A, located north of Jackson. See a full listing of mound sites here.

Recently, The Mississippi Department of Archives and History celebrated the grand opening of the Mississippi Mound Trail. Stretching from Desoto County to Wilkinson County and following the Highway 61 corridor, the trail will highlight earthworks built at thirty-three sites. Four sites-Grand Village of the Natchez Indians, Pocahontas Rest Area and Welcome Center, Winterville Mounds, and Emerald Mound on the Natchez Trace Parkway- are state or federally operated and open to the public. Visitors are welcome to walk among the mounds and learn more through interpretive signs and exhibits. All are free.

For more information on Mississippi heritage and history, go to www.visitmississippi.org.

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Native Americans - The Original Mississippians - Visit Mississippi

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Mississippi, once home to a greater variety of indigenous tribes than any other southeastern state, is celebrating its Native American heritage during the month of July. Though many people are familiar with places throughout the state that hold Native American [...]

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Period Characteristics
-oral literature: epic narratives, creation myths, stories, poems, songs

-use stories to teach moral lessons and convey practical information about the natural world

-deep respect for nature and animals

-cyclical world view

-figurative language/parallelism

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Interesting facts about Native Americans 

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Interesting facts about Native Americans 

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- In their stories, a story teller would always include the numbers 4 or 7. Those numbers relate to the cardinal directions and deities plus those of skyward, earthward, and centre.

- To Native Americans, the terms Myth and Folklore were used interchangeably. To them, they measured a matter of time rather than content.

Source: Erna Gunther, Native American Literature

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Period name: Puritanism

Period Characteristics:
1. Wrote mostly diaries and histories, which expressed the connections between God and their everyday lives.
2. Sought to "purify" the Church of England by reforming to the simpler forms of worship and church organization described in the New Testament.
3. Saw religion as a personal, inner experience
4. Believed in original sin and "elect" who would be saved
5. Used a plain style of writing

Famous Authors and Works:
William Bradford
- "Of Plymouth Plantation"

Anne Bradstreet
(poetry)

John Edwards
- "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Edward Taylor
- "Huswifery"

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- Jamestown was located in Virginia
- Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery were the three ships that made it to Jamestown
- Jamestown was named after King James 1

Source: Egloff, Keith and Deborah Woodward, A Short History of Jamestown.

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- Began after a group of you girls claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft
- A special court was created to hear these cases
- Many people confessed to be using witchcraft, thinking they would have a lighter sentences

Source: History.com, Salem Witch Trials

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Famous Literature:  1651: Of Plymouth Plantation

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Famous Literature:  1651: Of Plymouth Plantation

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- Many people died on the Mayflower due to diseases
- Squanto, a Native American who can speak English, helps the settlers learn to grow their food
- The White Angel, a ship sent to Plymouth by Sherley, brings no cargo for Plymouth. Sherley still charges the colonists for the shipment, plunging the settlers further into debt.

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1741: Jonathan Edwards, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

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1741: Jonathan Edwards, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

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- Starts his sermon with two Biblical readings, one from Amos, the other from Deuteronomy
- Mankind cannot interfere with God's power to cast them into hell whenever he pleases
- Sinners shouldn’t take their continued presence on earth as evidence that God is less angry with them than he is with people already in hell

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Patrick Henry, Anne Bradstreet, Edward Taylor

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Interesting facts about the early settlement

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Interesting facts about the early settlement

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- Drinking water played a part of the early deaths of the settlement. The settlement was established on a swampy land, which isn't a source of fresh water. Also, the wells in Jamestown had water with high amounts of salt in them.

- Even though King James 1 hated tobacco, it was Jamestown's economic viability. The settlers were trying to make an income from the surrounding resources, but nothing worked. With the smuggled tobacco seeds, and some trail and error, John Rolfe had finally turned them into a cash crop.

Source: Crystal Ponti, History

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Period Characteristics:
1. Mostly composed of philosophers, scientists, writing speeches and pamphlets.
2. Human beings can arrive at truth (God's rules) by using deductive reasoning, rather of the past, on religious faith, or intuition.

Famous Authors and Works:
Benjamin Franklin
- Autobiography
Patrick Henry
- "Speech to the Virginia Convention"
Thomas Paine
- "The Crisis"
Phyllis Wheatley
- poetry

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Rationalism, "The Age of Reason", "The Enlightenment"

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Rationalism, "The Age of Reason", "The Enlightenment"

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- The enlightenment was an intellectual and cultural movement that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith
- The three main ideas were reason, individualism, and skepticism
- The Enlightenment built on the earlier work of the Scientific Revolution

Source: History Crunch, Age of Enlightenment

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The Constitution
The Bill of Rights
The Declaration of Independence

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Interesting facts about the Revolutionary War

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Interesting facts about the Revolutionary War

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1. Native Americans and Loyalists Fought on the British Side. This led to divisions in tribes because many other Native Americans sided with the Americans.

2. Women fought in the American Revolution. Many women acted as nurses and cooks for the soldiers. Some disguised themselves as men and fought in combat, or even as spies.

Sources:
Pamela, Discover Walks
Krystle Proper, 7 Facts You Didn’t Know About the American Revolution

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1812 - 1815

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1848 - 1859

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1. Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, and inductive reasoning.

2. Placed faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination.

3. Shunned the artificiality of civilization and sought unspoiled nature as a path to spirituality.

4. Championed individual freedom and the worth of the individual

5. Saw poetry as the highest expression of the imagination

6. Dark Romantics: used dark and supernatural themes/settings (Gothic style)

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Washington Irving
—"Rip van Winkle"

Emily Dickinson
—poetry

Walt Whitman
—Leaves of Grass

Edgar Allan Poe
—"The Raven"

Nathaniel Hawthorne
—The Scarlet Letter

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The age of Romanticism is when poets and authors stopped using the writing styles of the ancient authors, but started to be inspired to write in their own individual styles.

Source:
https://sites.udel.edu/britlitwiki/the-romantics/

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The Romantic Period The Stour Valley with the Church of Dedham. John Constable 1814 One impulse from a vernal wood May teach you mo…

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The Gold Rush attracted people from around the world. By 1850, more than 25 percent of California's population originated from outside the United States. In the beginning, most people came from South America and Asia. By 1852, more than 25,000 immigrants were from China.

Source:
https://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-california-gold-rush

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The American Renaissance was the period between 1830 and the start of the Civil War, 1861.

Source:
https://www.easternct.edu/speichera/understanding-literary-history-all/the-american-renaissance.html

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Nathaniel Hawthorne added a 'w' to his last name to distance himself from his family. His great-great grandfather was Jon Hathorne, one of the judges during the Salem Witch Trials.

Source:
https://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-nathaniel-hawthorne

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Transcendentalism is a 19th century school of American theological and philosophical thought that combined respect for nature and self-sufficiency with elements of Unitarianism and German Romanticism.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/transcendentalism

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- Started in the 1830s, unit the end of the American Civil War
- The literary scene of the period was dominated by a group of New England writers
- The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements

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Important Social and Political Movements

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Important Social and Political Movements

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Abolitionist
Movement
Utopian Movement
Women's Suffrage Movement

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1. Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul.
2. People can use their intuition to behold God's spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls.
3. Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and blink conformity to tradition.

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Ralf Waldo Emerson
- Nature, "Self - Reliance"

Henry David Thoreau
- Walden, Life in the Woods

Louisa May Alcott
- Little Women

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The Cold War influenced the Moon landing

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The Cold War influenced the Moon landing

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The Soviet Union and the United States raced each other in space exploration. The United States were considered the winners of the space race when they put the first men on the moon.

Source:
https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/space-race

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The Cold War made people turn on each other

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The Cold War made people turn on each other

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Americans were on edge from the news of the Soviet Union. Many turned on each other, convicting people of communist with little to no evidence.
Source: McCarthyism packet

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1. Maya Angelou spoke six different languages, French, English, Spanish, Hebrew, Italian, and Fante.

2. Maya Angelou wrote and directed several movies. The movies were, Calypso Heat Wave, Georgia, Georgia, and Down in the Delta.

3. Maya Angelou had the opportunity to recite her work at a presidential inauguration. She used her poem “On the Pulse of Morning" for the occasion.

Source:
https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/535135/facts-about-maya-angelou

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1. Emily Dickinson never published any of her poems under her name.

2. Emily Dickinson had vision problems in her thirties. Bright light hurt her, and her eyes ached when she tried to read and write.

3. Emily Dickinson's niece added "Called Back" on her tombstone. It is a reference to a novel by Hugh Conway that Dickinson enjoyed reading. In the last letter that she wrote before she died, only said "Called Back."

Source:
https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/89564/11-poetic-facts-about-emily-dickinson

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- She was the first African American awardee of the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.

- She taught creative writing to Chicago gang members from the Chicago’s Blackstone Rangers.

- President John F. Kennedy invited Brooks to read at a Library of Congress poetry festival in 1962.

Source:
https://kidskonnect.com/people/gwendolyn-brooks/

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Black Lives Matter formed in the United States in 2013, it was dedicated to fighting racism and anti-Black violence, especially in the form of police brutality.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Lives-Matter

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The Black Lives Matter activists have held large, influential protests in cities across the United States as well as internationally. The Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation is active in the United States, Canada, and the Untied Kingdom.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Lives-Matter