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Wilhelm Wundt was a German philosopher that studied introspection- looking within yourself. Introspection is a part of structuralism, which explores the organizational elements within the human mind. Structuralism is consider the first school of thought in psychology. His aim was to record thoughts and sensations in order to get at the underlying structure. Wundt's work is still studied today in cognitive psychology.

Simply Psychology- Wilhelm Wundt
Dr. Saul McLeod

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William James is known as the first American psychologist. He believed in functionalism- the purpose of certain forms of behavior. James desired to discover the utility of human consciousness and how it is fundamental to survive. He saw this stream of consciousness not as a thing, but a function of process. James also published two psychology novels, widely read in both North America and Europe.

Simply Psychology- William James Biography and Contributions to Psychology
Charlotte Ruhl

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A man looking into reflection himself. A metaphor for psychoanalysis 

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Psychoanalysis was established in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. The study has clients tap into their unconscious mind to recover repressed emotions and deep-seated, sometimes forgotten experiences.

Type of Therapy - Psychoanalyst. (2021, September 15). Careers In Psychology. https://careersinpsychology.org/psychoanalysis/

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Behaviorist, B.F Skinner from website Lostpedia

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Behaviorist theory or behaviorism emerged in the early 1900's. It's the theory of learning which states all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. It assumes that behavior is either a reflex that can be evoked or a consequence of that individual's history.

McLeod, S. (2017, February 5). Behaviorist Approach. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html

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Example of Gestalt Psychology. Toptal Designers Website.

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Gestalt is the study of how the mind understands objects as a whole rather than part of the object. It further researches human sensation and perception. Such as an optical illusion, people can see lines and figures moving while looking closely at one part but after taking in the entire idea you can see how there is no movement. Wertheimer developed Gestalt psychology.

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Abraham Maslow, one of the leading architects of humanistic psychology. From the website Total History. 

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Humanism is a rational philosophy informed by science, inspired by art, and motivated by compassion. Its the individual standing up for human rights and social justice. It recognizes human beings as a part of nature and respects there religious values.

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Cognitivism is a learning theory that focuses on how information is received, organized, stored and retrieved by the mind. It views learning as an internal learning process, and goes beyond observable behaviour.

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Psychobiology is the science of mind, which studies different criteria and the effects said criteria has on the mental state of a person. Topics covered can be related to stress, certain foods and drugs and the effect they have on the brain, and even sexual risk-taking and the effects and hormones released when sexual risk-taking occurs.