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Among the reasons that help understand why ecotourism has been growing are:

·         It is easier to access remote ecotourism destination before and thanks to cheap flights and accessible infrastructures;

·         Many people are not happy or feel fulfilled with traditional tourism destinations and activities – so there’s a greater interest in challenging and more educative tourism;

·         There is a greater awareness about the need to protect the environment and desire to contribute towards this cause;

·         Travelers wish to be perceived as different and eco-friendly;

·         Ecotourism may help protect sensitive environment locations and raise awareness on local environmental and social delicate issues;

·         It may also generate income opportunities for local people

The crisis has crystallized the importance of tourism as a development pathway for many countries to decrease poverty and improve their economies. "Responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education”. Such traveling can be created thanks to an international network of individuals, institutions, and the tourism industry where tourists and tourism professionals are educated on ecological issues.

https://youmatter.world/en/definition/ecotourism
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2020/12/impact-of-the-pandemic-on-tourism.htm

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Why does this activities became a trend during pre- pandemic [covid]??

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Why does this activities became a trend during pre- pandemic [covid]??

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Joining the ecotourism cause is a way of guaranteeing the tourism industry will continue prospering and providing social and economic benefits to destinations and communities throughout the globe. Ecotourism provides the opportunity for immersion into the natural world in an enjoyable and effective manner, resulting in greater compassion and better stewardship of the world’s remaining natural wonders. We cannot forget that the tourism sector is a job provider with millions depending on this sector for their livelihood. Before COVID-19, travel and tourism had become one of the most important sectors in the world economy, accounting for 10 percent of global GDP and more than 320 million jobs worldwide.

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ECOTOURISM ACTIVITES THAT PROMOTES AND IMPLEMENTS ZERO-WASTE

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ECOTOURISM ACTIVITES THAT PROMOTES AND IMPLEMENTS ZERO-WASTE

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Snorkeling / Scuba Diving is one of the ecotourism activities that can also benefit from the implementation of the Zero Waste Program, because in order to perform snorkeling / scuba diving, the water must be clean to clearly see the fishes and colorful reefs that awaits you to enter the crystal-clear shallow water. The Zero Waste program is the best way to achieve the cleanliness we desire since it focuses on waste prevention and its goal is to have no waste to be sent to landfills, incinerators or the ocean.

One of the notable trends in ecotourism focuses on zero-waste. Not only single use of plastic waste but also food waste that creates a huge waste burden on the planet that cause water pollution that can potentially harm the fishes, coral reefs and other marine life. Zero waste is an innovative water pollution solution that meets high standards of sustainability.

https://opinion.inquirer.net/137384/an-effective-zero-waste-approach-for-ph. https://www.breakfreefromplastic.org/2019/02/13/a-zero-waste-philippines-is-possible/

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The zero waste movement is hot right now. Google searches for “zero waste” have tripled since 2017 and the hashtag #zerowaste has over 4 million posts on Instagram. In the last few years, the zero waste lifestyle has grown from a niche issue to a global movement. As advocates for the planet and the animals who live on it, we’re happy to see more people talking about waste and becoming aware of how it affects us and our ecosystem.  By now, the zero waste movement has existed for well over a decade. In 2018, it gained massive public attention. Since then, hundreds of U.S. cities and over 60 countries have banned plastic bags. And now, multinational corporations have hopped on board, too, including Ikea, Nestlé, Unilever, and hundreds of brands that have partnered with the newest industry initiative, Loop.

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Tourists are starting to become more conscious of their impacts on climate change. Hence, changing their lifestyle habits and travel behavior to minimize contributions to climate change. Zero waste is a concept that's been around for a while but is new to the world of travel. Made popular by journalist Bea Johnson's bestselling book, Zero Waste Home, it's now a global movement. The idea is to make a home, community or even region free of disposable waste. It encourages less consumption and buying recyclable or biodegradable products, rather than sending waste to landfill sites, incinerators and our oceans. The basic guideline is adhering to the 5 Rs – Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rot.

With growing numbers of people actively reducing their garbage at home, it’s not surprising that travelers are now looking for ways to keep their waste down when they’re away. Aside from offsetting your carbon footprint, zero waste is about taking the 5 Rs on the road.

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One of the noticeable ecotourism trends in 2020 is to focus on zero-waste. Zero waste as defined by Zero Waste International Alliance (ZWIA) is a  conservation of all resources by means of responsible production, consumption, reuse, and recovery of products, packaging, and materials without burning and with no discharges to land, water, or air that threaten the environment or human health. It is also a set of principles focused on waste prevention that encourages the redesign of resource life cycles so that all products are reused. The goal is for no trash to be sent to landfills, incinerators or the ocean. In addition, it is not only single-use plastic waste but also food waste that is creating a huge wastage burden on the planet. Hotels and restaurants are taking initiatives in composting, smart supply chain management adopting farm-to-table concept, encouraging tourists in proper ordering of food and others.

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Caving is a popular activity of exploring caves and karst systems, and people who engage in such activities are required to be sensitized to the potential damage they can cause to the caves. Visitor traffic, pollution, change in humidity, and temperature patterns are known to have an adverse impact on the fragile cave ecosystems.
Some human activities threaten caves and cave life, causing disrespect for caves, habitat loss, declines in populations, or even extinction. The protection of these resources involves management of the landscape above the cave as well as the details of cave gates and security systems. Cave restoration can improve conditions for cave life but may also cause problems if not properly done. "Clean caving" is important to help protect and preserve fragile cave ecosystem. Disposing of our human waste is an issue in an environment without soil and where it may be impossible to go a far distance from water. Caves have unique and fragile nutrient balance and fragile micro biotic communities that can be disrupted by our trash and presence. Be sure to pack out your trash from caves. Take care to avoid dropping food particles by eating over a bag to avoid dropping anything in a cave.
Zero-waste policy
During CAVES, no waste will be left behind, including human bio-waste. “It is everybody’s task to protect our planet,” says Francesco Maria Sauro, CAVES Logistics Manager from Miles Beyond, a company specialized in offering access to extreme locations, have spent years working in caves, mountains and glaciers. Caves not in the Philippines but in the entire globe are important biodiversity and cultural heritage assets. They are home to diverse and unique life forms. They are some of the most fragile ecosystems in the world, and they serve as the unique, irreparable and irreplaceable habitat of the cave-dwelling species.
Countries around the world also have different organizations and laws which have been put in place to preserve and conserve the cave ecosystems. In the Philippines, Republic Act No. 9072 National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act which provides for the conservation, protection and management of caves and cave resources as part of the country's natural wealth. However, The National Speleological Society is an organization in the United States that was established in 1941 to advance the conservation, exploration, studying, and understanding of caves in the US. The society is responsible for carrying out scientific study and research on protection, exploration, and restoration of caves.

https://lnt.org/caves/

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“Birding is a totally accessible activity,” says says Rich Merritt, director of operations for Audubon New York, a nonprofit conservation organization that focuses on birds as well as other wildlife. “You can do it through your home or car window, while taking a rigorous hike, or anything in-between. I know bike riders who bird while biking, at least by ear.”

You can do it purely for fun or keep a life list—a birding term for the running list that bird enthusiasts keep of all the different birds they see. Whatever your goal, you’ll be rewarded by the sights and sounds of beautiful and interesting feathered creatures, especially come spring and fall. But along with all the fun and wonders.
We all must be aware and responsible in engaging in this type of activities. Promoting awareness and environmental protection/habitats of birds and/or animals. One of which that promotes thats is; Mindful Birding organization.

Mindful Birding® is a charitable project of the Morrissey Family Foundation

Mindful Birding presents ethical birding guidelines from around the world, and offers awards to birding
festivals that demonstrate improved or superior ethics. They encourage birdwatchers to have gratifying
birding experiences while maintaining the ability of birds to behave naturally.

In relation to Zero-waste is the No.4 guideline;

4. Mindful of Nature Protection
Of course you've been doing great things for conservation, but how can you do even
more to help the birds you love? Guidelines presented here show the pathway to
becoming a conservation birder.

a. Support Conservation

“Support the protection of important bird habitat.” (American Birding Association, accessed 2014)
“Support the protection of important bird habitat.” (Malaysian Nature Society Bird Conservation
Council, accessed 2014)
“Support the protection of birds and their habitat.” (BirdLife Australia, accessed 2014)

e. Littering

“Avoid leaving litter along a birding trail.” (Birding ethics article on about.com by Melissa Mayntz,
accessed 2014)
“Dispose of waste properly.” (Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, accessed 2014)
“A birder must understand that they are in the bird’s world, and in order to preserve this world for
years to come, things that are out of place, like wrappers and bottles, should not be left behind. This
simple rule also extends itself to include picking up trash that may be found on trails.” (Lake Region
Audubon Society, accessed 2014)

Along with the rest of the ethical birding guidelines compiled from an extensive search of guidelines used by organizations, birding festivals and nature tour operators.

https://www.mindfulbirding.org/images/mindful/pdfs/complete.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwi5upz96_jyAhUFhMYKHTMUBg0QFnoECBgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1QkwivDC3lr7o_RQ4wg-_1&cshid=1631430556650

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Mountaineering is the sport of attaining, or attempting to attain high points in mountainous regions, mainly for the pleasure of the climb

Mount Everest
-One of the most well-known mountain peaks on the planet, owing to the fact that it is the tallest, at 29,035 feet above sea level.

Solid waste management is one of the most challenging difficulties that authorities are facing in Nepal's Mt Everest region, which has been aggravated in recent years by tourism's rapid and continuous rise.

The authors designed a sustainable solid waste management plan in response to local stakeholders' requests. The proposal proposes the deployment of a 4-point waste management strategy based on a collaborative approach:

1) routine waste type segregation at the source by lodges and home owners,

2) collection of recyclable waste from lodges and households and/or transfer of waste to environmental stations by lodges themselves,

3) transfer of all segregated waste to material recovery facilities for preprocessing and packaging, and

4) transfer of preprocessed materials to Lukla airport for transportation to Katmandu.

Most solid waste deposited in landfills is composed primarily of tin, steel, or aluminum cans, glass bottles, plastic bottles, and other plastic goods. Electronic waste such as batteries, computer parts, and old household appliances is increasingly found in the landfills, as is medical waste in the vicinity of health clinics (Posch et al 2015; Maharjan and Gustafsson 2019; Faulon and Sacareau 2020)
Local lodge owners and waste management organizations have treated this waste as “burnable garbage” since around 2010, as other options were either absent or perceived to be too costly. This particular nomenclature suggests that once burned, the problem is solved, when in fact the burning catalyzes a multitude of new health and environmental problems in the process (Maharjan and Gustafsson 2019)

These were the steps taken to achieve the project's objectives included:

1. Mapping the major landfills, their connectivity, and the flow of major solid waste categories;

2. Developing a comprehensive inventory of major types and sources of solid waste (metal, plastic, organic);

3. Analyzing the types and feasibilities of technologies and/or policies available to determine which would be most appropriate for the different types of solid waste in the region;

4. Developing a collaborative governance framework of solid waste management that is participatory, responsive, and robust.

https://bioone.org/journals/mountain-research-and-development/volume-40/issue-3/MRD-JOURNAL-D-20-00018.1/A-Sustainable-Solid-Waste-Management-Plan-for-Sagarmatha-Mt-Everest/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-20-00018.1.full