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NURUL NADIRAH BINTI MOHAMAD (BN19110119)

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NURUL NADIRAH BINTI MOHAMAD (BN19110119)

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Components
1. Injection port - Provide a place for sample introduction using a manual syringe method or an automated sampling system.

2. Oven - Oven controls temperature of column.

3. Detector - Identify the quantitative measurement of the components of the mixture.

4. Recorder – Collect and record the data of chromatographic separation.

5. Flow controller – Supply gas at constant pressure to the gas chromatography.

6. Column – Allow separation of the analytes according to their affinity.

Applications
1.Forensics-used to determine the circumstances of a person’s death, such as whether they ingested poison, or consumed drugs or alcohol in the hours prior. Scientists take samples of blood and fibers from the crime scene and analyze them using gas chromatography to help investigators piece together the facts.

2.Food analysis- quantitative and qualitative analysis of food, the analysis of food additives, components of flavor and aroma, and the detection and analysis of contaminants such as environmental pollutants, pesticides, fumigants, and naturally occurring toxins.

3.Measuring air pollution-combats air pollution by monitoring the levels of harmful pollutants in the air so that scientists can visualize where air pollution is more concentrated, and how this changes throughout the day and the year to develop effective preventative methods.

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Padlet Activity Lecture 12 GC (EFFA ZAHIRAH JAULIS BN19160220)

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SUFIRA SUZAIRAH BINTI SUHAIME (BN19110073)

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SUFIRA SUZAIRAH BINTI SUHAIME (BN19110073)

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NURIN KHAIRINA BINTI KAMARUZAMAN (BN19110049)

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NURIN KHAIRINA BINTI KAMARUZAMAN (BN19110049)

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NUR QAMARINA BINTI ZULKHAIRI (BN19110008)

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NUR QAMARINA BINTI ZULKHAIRI (BN19110008)

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Attendance week 12
Carrier Gas Tank - Supplies carrier gas

Flow controller : measure the carries gas flow to make sure the gas flow rate remains constant

Sample injector – manual or automatically controlled injection system which injects constant sample volume each and every time. Liquid sample mixtures are injected with a gas tight syringe and gaseous mixtures are injected with automated injection valves

Injection port- Place for sample introduction, vaporization and possibly some dilution and splitting.

Column –Columns in GC are generally longer and narrower than HPLC columns.These are filled with the stationary phase or the inside wall is coated.Depending on selective adsorption of separated components selective retention takes place.

Detector – Most commonly used detector is the flame Ionisation detector (FID), in which the separated components get ignited in the flame and detector response is dependent on current generated due to compound ionization..Other common detectors are TCD,ECD and FPD.

Data system –Today’s GC systems use a computer to control system parameters such as flow rate, injection sequence and volume, wash cycles, column pressure, detector wavelength, etc and at same time calculate and display the parameters. Chromatograms and results are displayed and printed using user friendly application softwares developed by different manufacturers.

Application of GC
Forensics Analysis, it is used to ascertain the circumstances surrounding a person's death, such as whether they took poison or drank drugs or alcohol in the hours leading up to their death.

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NURLAILA DINIE BINTI ZAINAL ABIDIN (BN19110018)

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NURLAILA DINIE BINTI ZAINAL ABIDIN (BN19110018)

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WAN NOR ATIFAH BINTI WAN ABD RAZAK (BN19110006)

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WAN NOR ATIFAH BINTI WAN ABD RAZAK (BN19110006)

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NUR MAISARAH BINTI MUHAMAD NOOR (BN19110078)

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NUR MAISARAH BINTI MUHAMAD NOOR (BN19110078)

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NURSYAHQILAH BINTI MOHD HAFIZ (BN19160209)

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NURSYAHQILAH BINTI MOHD HAFIZ (BN19160209)

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Gas Chromatography Diagram, Function & Application - NURSYAHQILAH BINTI MOHD HAFIZ (BN19160209)

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CLAIRE CYNTHIA ANAK PATRICK (BN19110122)

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CLAIRE CYNTHIA ANAK PATRICK (BN19110122)

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ACTIVITY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (GC) - BN19110122

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NURUL MASIRA BINTI ABDUL SAID (BN19110088)

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NURUL MASIRA BINTI ABDUL SAID (BN19110088)

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Components:
1. Gas supply system
Carrier gas is an inert gas used to transport samples. Example of inert gases are helium, nitrogen, argon and hydrogen. Gas should be in high purity.
Pressure regulator are functioned to regulate the gas pressure.
Flow controller are used to control the gas flow into column oven.

2. Injection port
Samples are introduced into injection port by using a manual syringe method or an automated sampling system. Sample are vaporized and might be undergo dilution and splitting.

3. Oven
It regulate the temperatures of column.

4. Detector
To identify mixture components being eluted from the chromatography column either by sensitivity or selectivity.

5. Recorder
To record the response obtained from the detectors after amplification.

Applications
1. Used in separation of radioactive product.
2. Separation of hundreds of hydrocarbon in petroleum industries.
3. Used in biochemical analysis to analyzed urine and human breath.
4. Used to analyze air pollution from automobile exhaust gases.

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NELTON EJUSLI
BN19110159

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PARMILLA A/P CHANDRAKUMAR
BN19110117

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UMAIRAH BINTI SADININ (BN19110102)

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Components:

a)       Carrier gas tank- source to provide the gas that will be used as the mobile phase

b)      Flow controller- gas flow is controlled with a constant pressure regulatory system

c)       Injection port- sample solution is introduced using a micro-liter syringe

d)      Column- to separates the molecules through interactions between mobile phase and stationary phase

e)      Column oven- to control the temperature for optimal functioning of separation

f)        Detector- to detect the analyte that has eluted through the column

g)       Data recorder/computing system- record the data and converted into an electrical signal

Application:

-          Air-borne pollution

-          Forensic Science

-          Oil spills

-          Performance-enhancing drugs in athlete’s urine samples

-          Essential oils in perfume preparation

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ATTENDANCE WEEK 12 - ACTIVITY GC

FUNCTION OF EACH COMPONENTS:
1. Carrier Gas Tank : Supplies carrier gas to transport analytes through the column.
2. Flow Controller : Controls the volume and pressure of carrier gas flowing into the column.
3. Injection Port : Provides a place for a sample to be introduced into the GC system.
4. Column : The place analytes are separated depending on the interactions of analytes and stationary phase.
5. Column Oven : Controls the temperature of the column.
6. Detector : Detects the analytes that are eluded from the column.
7. Recorder and Integrator : Records the data obtained from the analysis of the GC process and provides the information in the computing system.

APPLICATION OF GC:
1. Forensic science : used to determine whether the deceased person has taken any alcohol or drugs before death.

2. Pharmaceutical industry : used to identify the impurities in pharmaceutical ingredients.

3. Food industry : used in the analysis of sterols, oils and low chain fatty acids.

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BN19110166

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SHERINI AZURAIKA BINTI RASHDY (BN18110181)

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SHERINI AZURAIKA BINTI RASHDY (BN18110181)

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Function of components :
1. GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM
-Carrier gas, hydrogen and air
-To supply and carry gas .
-Used for detector.
2. INJECTION PORT
-Provide a place for sample introduction, its vaporization and possibly some dilution & splitting
- A sample port is necessary for introducing the sample .
3.COLUMN
- To contain the stationary phase and the passing way of the mobile phase .
4. RECORDER
- Use to record the response obtained from the detectors.
5. FLOW CONTROLLER
- To regulate the carrier gas flow in GC .
-The site where the separation of analyte occurs.
6 . DETECTOR
-To defect and quantify the different components of the sample as they emerge out from the column.

APPLICATION
1. For food analysis
2. For forensic science.
3. Blood alcohol analysis.

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GILES ALDRIDGE ESSAU ANAK JAMAU (BN19110098)

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GILES ALDRIDGE ESSAU ANAK JAMAU (BN19110098)

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Components
1.Carrier gas is dry, free of oxygen and inert mobile-phase employed in gas chromatography. Helium is most commonly used. It molecular sieve that removes water and impurities.
2. autosampler provides the means to introduce a sample automatically into the inlets.  Automatic insertion provides better reproducibility and time-optimization than manual.
3. inlet also known as injector functioned to introduce a sample in continuous flow of carrier gas.
4. Column oven is one of compartment inside which is mounted column. It maintains a constant temperature or a varying temperature as a mechanical response.
5. Detector detect arrival of separated component then emit signal. It can be either concentration or mass dependent.
6. Computer data is functioned to show result of the sample analysis.
7. regulator supplies gas at constant pressure to the gas chromatograph.

Application
1.This instrument is capable of detecting the presence of contaminants, hazardous compounds and adulteration of food.
2. GC has been widely used for environmental monitoring of pollutant presence in the environment such as detection of pesticide usage

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AIZAITUL FITHRIYANI BINTI RAZAILI (BN19160215)

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AIZAITUL FITHRIYANI BINTI RAZAILI (BN19160215)

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Gas Chromatography (GC)

Function of each component GC:

1. Carrier gas = The carrier gas must be chemically inert and it also contain a molecular sieve to remove water and other impurities. The commonly used of gases such as nitrogen, helium, argon and carbon dioxide.

2. Sample injection port =  the sample port is the sample where it placed at the head of the column. A calibrated micro-syringe is used to  deliver a sample volume in the range of a few microliters through a rubber septum and into the vaporization chamber. Most of the separations require only a small fraction of the initial sample volume and a sample splitter is used to direct excess sample to waste.

3. Column oven = The thermo-statted oven serves to control the temperature of the column within a few tenths of a degree to conduct precise work. The oven can be operated in two manners:

a)  Isothermal programming: the optimum column temperature for isothermal operation is about the middle point of the boiling range of the sample.

b) Temperature programming: the column temperature is either increased continuously or in steps as the separation progresses.

4. Column : there are two general types of column which it is know as a open    tubular

a) Packed column: contain a finely divided, inert, solid support material which it is commonly based on diamaceous earth that coated with liquid stationary phase.

b) Capillary column: it have an internal diameter of a few tenths of a millimeter. Where it can be one of two types; wall-coated open tubular (WCOT) or support-coated open tubular (SCOT).

5. Detector = it can sense the arrival of the separated components and provide a signal. Where these are either concentration-dependent or mass dependent.

6. Recorder / computer data analysis = the recorder was generally 10mv (full scale) fitted with a fast response pen (1 sec or less). the recorder should be connected with a series of goof quality resistances that connect across the input to attenuate the large signals. Example of GC used for analysis is:

Application of GC:

GC analysis is used to calculate the content of a chemical product, for example in assuring the quality of products in the chemical industry; or measuring toxic substances in soil, air or water.

1. Air-borne pollutants

2. Oil spills

3. Essential oil in perfume preparation

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LEONG KAR YEE (BN19160234)

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Components and functions

1.     Gas flow regulator- to control the flow carrier gas

2.     Injector- to vaporize and mix the sample with the carrier gas before the sample enters the head of column

3.     Detector- to give signal response in terms of area counts under a peak and determine the composition and concentration of analyte

4.     Column- contain stationary phase and the passing way of mobile phase that separate the analyte according to their affinity

5.     Oven- to control and maintain the temperature of the column

6.     Data analysis- to record the data of analysis obtained

Application

1.     Analysis of pesticides in soil, water and food

2.     Forensic analysis of blood and urine alcohol levels

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The function of components:
-Gas supply system: function is to supply gas and carry gas.

-Detector: senses the arrival of the separated components and provide a signal.

-Data system - use to obtain the result for the analysis

-Flow controller: Control the flow rate of carrier gas

-GC Column: separation of analyte into individual components in the column

-Injection port: To introduce the sample at the head of the column.

-Column oven: Able to control the temperature of the column precisely

Application:
-In food analysis, able to collect data of chemical component, to determine the quality and safety of food products
-analyze pollution and contamination in air, water and soil

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Iffah Kamilah Binti Md Suhaini (BN19160212)

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Iffah Kamilah Binti Md Suhaini (BN19160212)

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GILLIAN PRIETY ANAK GELAYANG (BN19110099)

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GILLIAN PRIETY ANAK GELAYANG (BN19110099)

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FUNCTION(S) OF EACH COMPONENTS.
1. Sample
- GC sample is consist of non- polar, low molecular wight, thermally stable and vaporizabele chemical material.

2. Injection port
- It necessary for introducing the sample at the head of the column.

3. Column
- A coiled tube made of metal or glass material that can withstand high temperature and vary in length or diameter. Inside the tube is stationary phase where either solid or liquid that interact with the chemicals passing through. The analyte gets separated into individual components, depending upon its affinity with the stationary phase and the mobile carrier gas phase

4. Carrier Gas
- Carrier gas is introduced from a gas cylinder into the gas chromatography and it move through the columns at constant flow. Carrier gas must be inert and it does not interact with chemicals. For example are helium, nitrogen and argon.

5. Gas Flow Regulator
-Its function is to assure a constant flow through the column and detector independent of the type of gas, the temperature and the column dimensions.

6. Oven
- It function is to provide heat and vaporized material right after injection. It also keep the column heated so that the gaseous molecules can traveling through.

7. Detector
- The composition and concentration of the analyte are determined. It senses each compound as it come out where it record the data then transmitted into a computer and produces a two-dimensional plot called chromatogram. A particular powerful detector is the mass spectrometer (MS).

8. Data Analysis
- Data from a GC is three dimensional, providing mass spectra that can be used for identity confirmation, to identify unknown analytes and to determine structural and chemical properties of molecules, as well as the chromatogram that can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis

APPLICATION OF GC
In food industry, GC is use for the analysis of sterols, oils, low chain fatty acids, aroma components and off- flavors and certain types of drugs in foods.

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GILLIAN PRIETY ANAK GELAYANG_BN19110099 (GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY)

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Component of Gas Chromatography:

Carrier gas - contains a molecular sieve to remove water and other impurities

Sample injection port - contains a heated chamber containing a glass liner into which the sample is injected thriugh septum

Columns - 2 general types of column: packed and capillary which have advanatges of physical strength, flexibility and low reactivity.

Detectors - used to detect sample that eluted from column

Data system - use to obtain result for the analysis

Aplication used:

i) Pharmaceutical use GC to help produce pure product in large quantity

2) GC is vital in food industry to ensure the safety of food products.

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Anis Noreisha Binti Norazalan (BN19110025)

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Anis Noreisha Binti Norazalan (BN19110025)

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Function of components
- Gas supply system: function is to supply gas and carry gas.
- Flow controller: Control the flow rate of carrier gas
- Injection port: To introduce the sample at the head of the column.
- Column oven: Able to control the temperature of the column precisely
- GC column: To separate the analytes that is filled with stationary phase through interactions between analytes and the stationary phase within the column.
- Detector: To detect the components of the sample and transfer the data to be processed
- Data system: To control instrument, for data processing, report generation, and data presenting.

Application:
-In food analysis, able to collect data of chemical component, to determine the quality and safety of food products
-analyze pollution and contamination in air, water and soil

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NUR FARAHAIN BINTI ABU BAKAR (BN19110114)

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NUR FARAHAIN BINTI ABU BAKAR (BN19110114)

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1. Carrier gas
- Helium is preferred for thermal conductivity detectors because of its high thermal conductivity relative to that of most organic vapors.
- The operating efficiency of the gas chromatograph is directly dependant on the maintenance of constant gas flow.

2. Sample injection system
- Liquid samples are injectes by a microsyringe with a needle inserted through a self-scaling, silicon-rubber septum into a heated metal block by a resistance heater.
- Gaseous sample are injectes by a gas-tight syringe or through a by-pass loop and valves.

3. The separation column
- The heart of the gas chromatography is the column which is made of metals bent in U shape or coiled into an open spiral.

4. Detector
- Detector sense the arrival of the separated components and provide a signal.

5. Recorder
- The recorder should be generally 10 mv (full scale) fitted with a fast response pen (1 sec or less). The recorder should be connected with a series of good quality resistances connected across the input to attenuate the large signals.

Application of GC
- GC analysis is used to calculate the content of a chemical product, for instance in assuring the quality of products in the chemical industry; or measuring toxic substances in soil, air or water.
- GC is also used in the analysis of air-borne pollutants, oil spills and essential oils in perfume preparation.
- GC is used extensively in forensic science.

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Function(s) of each components:

1. Carrier gas

The gases that need for detectors.

Consists of high purity substances and commonly used are helium and air.

2. Regulators

It controls the pressure and the flow of gases

Consists of stainless steel rather than the use of polymer as a polymer can create volatility.

3. Flow controller

To ensure the flow of the gases in a constant flow inside the column

4. Molecular-sieve traps

It separates the particles from gas molecules depends on their sizes and shapes.

Used in gas and liquid drying.

5. Injection port

The port for the liquid sample undergoes vaporization and transported into the column.

6. Column

A stationary phase that functions in the separation process.

Two types: Packed and capillary columns.

7. Detector

Provide measurements quantitatively of the components of mixtures.

Types of detector:

i. Flame Ionization Detector (FID)

ii. Electron Capture Detector (ECD)

iii. Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD)

iv. Flame Photometric Detector (FPD)

8. Recorder/Integrator

Record the outcomes or results after detection.

APPLICATION(S) OF GC

1. In forensic analysis

2. Quality control analysis

3. Detection of trace materials and contaminants in pharmaceutical industries

4. Blood alcohol analysis

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Function(s) of each components:

1.Gas supply system

Carrier gas act as mobile phase that transfer injected sample to the separation column and transfer separated components to the detector

Gas usually use are helium, hydrogen and nitrogen

2. Regulators

Supply gas at constant pressure

3. Flow Controller

Ensure a constant flow through the column and detector

4. Injection Port

A place to inject sample into gas chromatography by automated injection or manual syringe technique.

5. Molecular Sieve Traps

Traps water vapor

6. Column

Separation of analyte into individual components in the column

7. Oven

Control and maintain the temperature of column for effective separation of mixture components

Place for the interaction of the analyte with the stationary phase and the boiling point for the separation of compounds .

8. Detector

Identify the composition and concentration of separated components by giving electronic signal response

9. Electrometer

Measure the small signal to a large enough size for ease of gas chromatography

10. Recorder / Integrator
Recorder record and show the baseline and all peaks obtained

Application of gas chromatography

Analysis of food additives, flavor and aroma components, and the detection and analysis of pollutants for food safety.

Determine the amount of blood alcohol and urine for drug residues.

Identify and quantify solid drug dose, biological specimens and crime-scene evidence.

Analysis of toxic substances in soil, water and food.

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1. Carrier gas : Carrier gas must be inert (nitrogen, helium, argon, and carbon dioxide).  The carrier gas system contains a molecular sieve to remove water and other impurities. A carrier gas is required to flow through the injector and push the gaseous components of the sample onto the GC column.

2. Inject port : Introducing sample to the head of the column. The sample inject to the insturment by manual syringe technique or automated injection. The injector comes in two mode, split or splitless. A calibrated microsyringe is used to deliver a sample volume in the range of a few microliters through a rubber septum and into the vaporization chamber.

3. Column : There are two general types of column, packed and capillary (also known as open tubular). The first is a wall-coated open tubular (WCOT) column and the second type is a support-coated open tubular (SCOT) column. The stationary phase is deposited thinly along the column walls of WCOT columns, which are capillary tubes.

The column walls of SCOT columns are initially coated with a thin layer (approximately 30 micrometres thick) of adsorbant solid, such as diatomaceous earth, which is made up of single-celled marine plant skeletons.

4. Column Oven : Serves to control the temperature of the column within a few tenths of a degree to conduct precise work. The boiling point of the sample determines the appropriate column temperature. There are two ways to programme the oven: isothermal programming and temperature programming. The temperature of the column is kept constant during the separation in isothermal programming.

5. Detector : In gas chromatography, a variety of detectors can be utilised. Different sorts of selectivity will be produced by different detectors. A non-selective detector responds to all chemicals except the carrier gas, a selective detector to a group of compounds with similar physical or chemical properties, and a particular detector to a particular chemical compound. The detector, which is placed at the end of the column, gives a quantitative measurement of the mixture components as they elute in conjunction with the carrier gas.

Applications :

Gas chromatography is a physical separation technique that separates volatile mixtures. It has applications in a variety of sectors, including medicines, cosmetics, and even environmental hazards. GC may be used to examine air samples. To determine the components of a given air sample, most air quality control equipment employ GC in conjunction with FID. Due to the samples must be volatile, Gas chromatography can readily examine human breath, blood, saliva, and other fluids containing substantial volumes of organic volatiles. Knowing how much of each component is present in a sample provides researchers a great edge when researching the impact on human health and the environment.

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WONG HUI YING BN19110141 (WEEK 12 ATTENDANCE)

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WONG HUI YING BN19110141 (WEEK 12 ATTENDANCE)

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WONG HUI YING BN19110141 (ATTENDANCE WEEK 12)

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1. Gas supply system

- A mobile phase that transfer injected sample to the separation column and separated components to detector.

- Examples are high purity and chemically inert gas (N, He, H gas)

2. Regulator

-Supply gas at constant pressure

3. Molecular sieve trap

s-act as a trap for water vapour

4.Flow controller

-to control the constant flow of carrier gas in volume and pressure that flows through the column and the detector.

5. Sample injection port

-to inject sample into the system through a gas-tight manual syringe or automated injection valves at elevated temperature.

-usually the samples are injected from range 0.1 to 0.12 ml

6. Oven

- to enclose the column while controlling the temperature of isothermal operation of the column.

7. Column

- to be filled with stationary phase

- separation process of analytes occur in this place

8. Detector

- to detect, identify, and quantify the components once they eluate from the column.

- gives out electronic signal response to be received by electrometer

9. Electrometer

- picks out the electronic signal by detector and transmit them into data

10. Recorder

- To record the data obtained obtained in the form of baseline and peaks obtained over time from the detector after amplification.

- Integrator can be added to improve the function of a recorder by giving more information on the peaks.

APPLICATION

- analysis of toxic substances of food to ensure food safety in food products

- quality control of medical drug

- identification of component in body test.

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Components of Gas Chromatography

1. Gas Supply System

a) The gas supply must be in high purity.

b) Supplies the gases to the columns at constant pressure.

2. Regulators

a) Made up from stainless steel instead of polymers to prevent the give off of volatiles by polymers.

b) Control the pressure and flow of the gases

3. Molecular-Sieve Traps

a) Trap the molecular and remove any moisture and contaminants from incoming gases.

4. Injection Port

a) Provide a place for sample introduction.

b) The sample will be introduced into the injection port in the form of vaporization in order to pass through column.

5. Oven

a) Control the temperature in the oven.

b) Interaction of analytes with stationary phase & boiling point for separation of compounds.

6. Column

a) Place for the separation to occurs.

b) Provides a surface for the components in sample to be interact and slow the samples down for the separation process.

7. Detector

a) Measure the components of the mixture and release electrical signal as output.

8. Electrometer & Integrators

a) Interprets the electrical signal and produce readable chromatograms.

Application of Gas Chromatography

1. Determination of food composition and the additives added.

2. Determination of contamination which may present in food, like pesticides.

3. Determination of drugs residues in the blood and urine.

4. Refining of petroleum products in petroleum industry.

5. Analyze the blood and cloth sample which may help in the investigation of criminals.

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1. GC Schematic Diagram
Refer to the attachment below

2. Components in GC and their functions
(a) Gas supply and regulators - supply the gases at constant pressure such as nitrogen, helium, hydrogen and so on that act as mobile phase to push the samples onto the column.
(b) Injection Port - provide a place for the sample introduction. Samples introduced into the injection port by manual syringe technique / automated injection. Samples will be vaporized in the injection port.
(c) Column Oven - it controls the temperature of column and involve in the interaction of analyte with stationary phase.
(d) Column - it is a place that the separation occurs. The column provides a surface for the components in the samples to interact with ( stationary phase ) and allow the samples to slow down so that the separation can occur.
(e) Detector - it performs the quantitative measurement of components of the mixture and produce the electrical signal.
(f) Recorder / Integrator - it record the response obtained from the detectors and produce the chromatogram.

3. Application of GC
(a) Food analysis - GC is used for  detection and analysis of contaminants,  the analysis of food additives and so on.
(b) Analysis of air sample - GC coupled with FID detector to determine the components of an air sample.
(c) Blood alcohol analysis - GC is used for the determination of blood alcohol concentration.

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NOR HASNIRA BINTI ABDUL GHANI
BN17110214

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component
1. detector- detect analytes which eluted from the column
2. column-  the place where the analytes separated
3. column oven- control the temperature of column.
4.sample injector -place for sample injected.
5.to maintain the constant flow of the gas.
6.carrier gas - to supply  gas  and carry gas for detector.

Applications
1.used in pharmaceutical industry
2. used in forensic field

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Sharifah Noorazirah Binti Rosdie (BN19110084)

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Sharifah Noorazirah Binti Rosdie (BN19110084)

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BN19160227

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NUR BATRISYIA BT RAFIZ AZUAN (BN19110007)

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NUR BATRISYIA BT RAFIZ AZUAN (BN19110007)

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WEEK 12: Gas Chromatography

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Week 12: Gas Chromatography

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Siti Nur Sayyidatul 'Ain Bt Badrolhisham (BN19110005)

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Siti Nur Sayyidatul 'Ain Bt Badrolhisham (BN19110005)

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Sarifah Binti Supri (BN19110062)

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Syaza Nurdiana Binti Keryo Gutho (BN19110021)

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Syaza Nurdiana Binti Keryo Gutho (BN19110021)

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Week 12: Gas Chromatography

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NIK NURIN NAZUHA BINTI BAHARUDDIN (BN19110023)

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NIK NURIN NAZUHA BINTI BAHARUDDIN (BN19110023)

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BN19110153

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BN19110153 TAN PEI YING Gas Chromatography

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MUHAMMAD ZAHIRUL AMIN BIN ZULKIFLI (BN19110092)

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MUHAMMAD ZAHIRUL AMIN BIN ZULKIFLI (BN19110092)

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2.Function of each component

Sample injector
The injector is a heated block where the sample is injected.  Through the carrier gas stream, the sample is spontaneously vaporized and led to the column. With the help of a gas-tight syringe, the liquid sample mixtures are injected whereas, with the help of automated injection valves, the gaseous mixtures are injected.

Column

This is filled with the stationary phase or its walls are covered with a liquid adsorbent. This is done for selective absorbance and retention of the sample components.

Column Oven
The column is enclosed by a column oven which is responsible for maintaining a constant temperature during isothermal operation. This temperature when temperature programming is needed can be increased in a controlled way for acquiring effective separation of mixture components possessing different volatilities.

Detector

This is employed for the identification and quantification of components. Here, the regions of individual peaks created relate to their concentrations and their retention times are representative of their identity.

Data system
It is a set of dedicated software that provides control over many important operational parameters like injection sequence, wash cycles, over-temperature control, the flow rate of gases, detector wavelength, etc. Simultaneously, the data station calculates and displays the parameters.

3.Application

-Pharmaceutical industry

-Research

-Medical and Forensic
-Environmental monitoring

-Petroleum refining and petrochemicals
-Edible oils

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NURUL IZZAH BINTI MOHAMMAD SAFRI (BN18110177)

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NURUL IZZAH BINTI MOHAMMAD SAFRI (BN18110177)

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Function of each components:
1. carrier gas
- to supply gas and carry gas for detector
2. flow controller
-to control the flowing of carrier gas into the system
3. sample injector
-place for sample introduction, vaporization and possible some dilution and splitting
4. column oven
-control the temperature of the column
5. column
-helps in the separation of the substance in the sample
6. detector
-part of composition and concentration of the analyte are determine
7. recorder
-use to record the data obtained from the analysis
Applications:
1. used to measure air pollution
2. used in forensic field
3.used in quality control in pharmaceutical industry

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DK NURMIZAN SYUHADA BT AG SAAD (BN19110104)

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DK NURMIZAN SYUHADA BT AG SAAD (BN19110104)

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2. Function of each component.

- Gas supply system : to supply and carry gas for detector.
- Injection Part : provide a place for sample introduction, vaporization and possibly some dilution & splitting.
- Column oven : controls the temperature of column.
- Detectors : to detect the sample that eluted in the column.
- GC Column : to separate the analyte of the sample
- Flow controller : control the flow of gas in the system.
- Recorder/Integrator : to record the date of the analysis.

3. Application of GC
- food analysis
- pharmaceutical industry
- forensic
- blood alcohol analysis

1. GC schematic diagram & label.

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NURUL EDZATUL NAZWA BINTI KATIB (BN19110037)

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NURUL EDZATUL NAZWA BINTI KATIB (BN19110037)

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Functions of GC components

1)   Gas supply system
-  to supply gas and carry gas to the detector

2)   Injector port
-  used to insert samples into the system

3)   Detector
-  usually have several types of detectors depending on type of sample needs to be examined, either about electron capture or atomic pressure

4)   Column oven
-  needs to be controlled wisely, especially the temperature

5)  GC Column
-  powers the oven and the entire transmission of the samples

6)   Flow Controller
-  to maintain the constant flow of the gas through the detector and column

7)   Recorder/Integrator
-  to record responses from the