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Media coverage of Islam-related issues has changed dramatically since the beginning of the new millennium, both in quantity and quality. The events of September 11, 2001, thrust Islam into the global media forefront: not only did coverage of Islam drastically increase, particularly in news and entertainment media, but the way in which Islam was framed by the media changed as well. (Bonino 2014)

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Often the media makes distinctions between the actions of radical Muslims and the beliefs and actions of “mainstream” or “moderate” Muslims. Making it sound like there are “good” and “bad” Muslims. (Hassan 2021)

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Despite the fact that members of the far right and white supremacist movements are responsible for carrying out the overwhelming majority of extremist-related murders in the US in the last 15 years, according to Hollywood it has been Muslims who the public have had to fear the most. Thanks to a spate of post-9/11 thriller series like 24, or Sleeper Cell, it seemed like US television had made Islam – and its adherents – enemy number one. (Schwartz 2018)

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Media Contribution to Negative Stereotypes:

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Media Contribution to Negative Stereotypes:

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Research has shown how the media contributes to negative stereotypes of Muslims in the United States and United Kingdom. For example, he noted that when a Muslim is involved in a terrorist act, media tend to give it much more coverage than such incidents involving non-Muslims. With the latter, he said the media often “humanize” the non-Muslim perpetrator by referencing mental illness or interviewing family members. (Norman 2019)

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In 2017, Emmy-winning actor and activist Riz Ahmed gave a speech in Parliament about diversity on screen. "As more Muslims are represented on our TV screens than ever, it seems that representation isn’t the easy utopia that many imagined it would be. Nuance is lacking, and the representation that does exist leans towards a male-oriented presence. As diversity boxes are ticked, and hijabs scattered here and there, the nuance of Muslim identities is strangled further." (Short 2020)

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 Media Prolematizes Muslims-American Identitites: 

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 Media Prolematizes Muslims-American Identitites: 

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Various perspectives problematize the way the media, across various mediums such as news, film, and literature, negatively represent, racialize, and demonize Muslim-American identities. (Roberts 2018)

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Muslim women portrayed as being oppressed

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Muslim women portrayed as being oppressed

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Muslims have experienced the greatest increases in coverage relative to Blacks and Latinos. In 2000, the year prior to 9/11, Muslims, Blacks, and Latinos appear in 1.79%, 4.61%, and 3.27% of all available news media broadcasts, respectively… In 2015, I find that Muslims turn up in 26.50% of all available broadcasts, compared to 18.83% and 13.91% for mentions of Blacks and Latinos, respectively. (Lajevardi 2019)

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In 2015, then, the news media covered Muslims almost twice as often as Latinos and almost 1.5 times more than Blacks, the two largest marginalized groups in America. (Lajevardi 2019)

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Most studies that researched on Muslim representation, investigated the themes of ‘migration’, ‘terrorism’, and ‘war’. Moreover, our meta-study shows that Muslims tend to be negatively framed, while Islam is dominantly portrayed as a violent religion. (Ahmed 2016)

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We learned about institutional racism and how it is caused by the policies, laws, and institutions that reproduce racial inequalities. Representation of Muslims in the media is an example of this as when the "Muslim ban" was imposed people saw Muslims as a threat to them. They justified the ban because the media told them that Muslims were dangerous and violent and needed to be banned from entering the country.

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We learned about gender privilege and how it affects our perceptions. The media loves to show how Muslim women are oppressed while men make all the decisions. This is just extremely false and bigoted and created negative stereotypes. In the media, when Muslim households are represented, the woman is always shown washing dishes and taking care of children while men go out and work. This type of imagery hurts Muslim representation.

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The French Senate has passed a measure that would ban anyone under the age of 18 from wearing a hijab in public. This is an amendment to a law that the government introduced to address religious extremism. Another amendment would ban the body-covering swimsuit known as the burqini at public pools and beaches.  (Beardsley)

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17% of articles about Jewish people published in 2018 mentioned anti-Semitism at least once, only 2% articles about Muslim mention the word Islamophobia. This is surprising considering the current political climate. Indeed, the researchers noted that even though many people viewed Donald Trump’s Muslim Travel Ban as a clear reflection of rising “anti-Muslim sentiment,” “institutionalized Islamophobia,” and “religious intolerance,” for some reason this did not translate into increased media coverage of Islamophobia in America. (Iftikhar 2019)

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Media including Hollywood and the filmmakers have become worse in their racist opinions of Muslims portraying them more and more as brutal, heartless, uncivilized religious fanatics and money-mad cultural “others” bent on terrorizing civilized Westerners. (Jameel 2014)

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The point is that Islam has been consistently portrayed by global media as a violence-prone religion that is diametrically opposed to the West. (Espirutu 2016)

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International Muslim students perceived Muslim countries to be portrayed by the media as: (1) sympathetic to terrorism; (2) economically backward; (3) conservative. They believed that these representations led Muslims to be viewed by members of the host community with suspicion. (Brown 2017)

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What often gets overlooked is the impact negative representation of Muslims and Islam in the media has on lives of ordinary Muslims, especially Muslims living in the West. Rise in hate crimes and hate incidents against Muslims, targeted attacks on their places of worship, and attacks on their way of life, contributes to general sense of unsafety and lack of belonging for western Muslims.  (Pandit 2017)