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References                                                              Brodsky, Irene Taylor. Beware the Slender Man. HBO, 2017. Films on Demand, https://youtu.be/6p1eVLEbOIw .

Holloway, Phillip. “Should 11-Year Olds Be Charged with Adult Crimes?” CNN, Updated 14 Oct. 2015, www.cnn.com/2015/10/14/opinions/holloway-charging-juveniles-as-adults/index.html.

Monacelli, Antonia. "Murderous Children: Cristian Fernandez (12) Killed His 2-Year-Old Brother". Owlcation. 18 Jan. 2018, https://owlcation.com/social-sciences/Murderous-Children-Cristian-Fernandez

Padowitz, Kenneth. “‘Wrestling Defense’ Murder Trial of 12-Year-Old Lionel Tate.” YouTube, uploaded by Kenneth Padowitz, 2 Sept. 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VZRmKdAa8I .

Ralston, Cameron Delane. “Furious.” “Out of Juvenile Corrections, Poems of Fury, Loss—and Lingering Beauty,” reported by Colin Dwyer, All Things Considered, National Public Radio, 28 May 2016, www.npr.org/2016/05/28/479722459/out-of-juvenile-corrections-poems-of-fury-loss-and-lingering-beauty .

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The impact this module had on me was very great. This module made me realize that the juvenile criminal justice isn't as black and white as we would like to believe. Just because a juvenile commits one crime doesn't mean that they should spend the rest of their lives locked up it's much deeper than that. This module has changed my thinking by helping me understand that there are a lot of elements and component to consider in the charging and sentencing of juveniles. My thinking on that the criminal justice system is fair for everyone has changed for example politicians often make spur of the moment decisions without considering the long term effects it would have on the individual. The criminal justice system's goal should be and continue to be justice without revenge, reform, and rehabilitation to prevent recidivism.

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Juveniles of color are not equitably treated and face racial disparities in the criminal justice system. Juveniles of color are more likely to face more time and harsher sentences for the same crime as opposed to white offenders. This is why minority and ethnic juveniles outnumber those who are white at every state in the juvenile justice system. While many states have begun implementing laws to reduce racial and ethnic disparities minority youth keep slipping through the cracks. I absolutely believe that If Anissa and Morgan had been black boys they would've faced much harsher sentencing and charges for exactly the same crime, because even in today's modern society racial disparities still exist.

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To some extent (minimal) should the desires of the victims and their families be taken into consideration for the sentencing and charging of juveniles. While the voices of victims and families should be heard as the incident directly affects them this also means they are bias and for that reason they shouldn't be the deciding factor. There is a reason why jury and judges are in place, to provide unbiased opinions on how sentencing and charging of juveniles. This allows the victim and their families to receive justice while also getting the juvenile who committed the crime  the help and rehabilitation they need without it being about revenge

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There is plenty of evidence that supports that juveniles can mature and return to productive life after committing crime but there is just as much information that supports that they are likely to re offend. It all really depends on the individual and how they are treated and sentenced in the criminal justice system. As Holloway said the brain doesn't reach maturity until the 20's and is still very much susceptible to the environment around it. Juveniles who are in adult  prison are more likely to be raped and sexually assaulted as opposed to juvenile facilities. This causes children to come out more hardened then ever and re offend. Holloway states "There is little if any evidence to suggest that treating juveniles as adults in the criminal justice system decreases crime or has any deterrent effect" (p.18) and therefore it becomes more about punishment/revenge then rehabilitation. Evidence actually suggest that incarcerating children more often then not results in recidivism.

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When it comes to how should juveniles who commit serious crimes be treated in the criminal justice system? I have to agree with Holloway, children are children and in the criminal justice should be treated as such except under extreme and extenuating circumstances.When it comes to, if ever, should they be punished as adults if they have committed “adult” crimes there are a lot of factors to consider once again. Such as the environment they were raised in and any emotional and physical abuse/neglect they may have faced. Most children can not understand the consequences of their actions. In the cases where they are older and their is evidence that they understood the consequences and nature of their crime and there is no chance at rehabilitation, like Holloway says this situation could justify adult prosecution.

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Children should not be responsible for the action of adults. In the case of 12 year old Cristian Fernandez he is not the only person to blame. Cristian and his younger 2 year old brother were severely neglected and abused by those who were supposed to protect them and while that doesn't excuse Cristian's actions there are certainly other factors to consider. Cristian after hurting his little brother went to his mother concerned about him and instead of rushing him to the hospital she waited 4 hours "She took the time to do some online banking, watched some music videos on YouTube, read some news stories online , and checked her email" (p.4). This article raises the real questions, are children as responsible as adults for their actions? or are the adults who failed them the ones who bear the true responsibility when these children act out?

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Children in the system feel as though they don't matter as individuals "I feel like the number on my file then my real name" (Ll9-10). It's especially important that adolescences have a voice because this is the time in their life where they are discovering who they are and can impact their self image. Ralston was afraid and unwilling to become another meaningless statistic in a sea of many.

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"I suggest that except for extraordinary circumstances, no child under the age of at least 17 should be sentenced to lengthy incarceration" (p.6) states Holloway who has worked in the criminal justice system for about 28 years. He brings light to the audience that juveniles should only be treated and tried as adults under the most extreme circumstances.  " The human brain does not reach anything close to maturity until the early to mid 20s" (p.6) and therefore doesn't understand consequences and actions like an adult would and argues that in that case why should we apply adult consequences to children when they are just that, children. My thoughts on whether juveniles can mature and return to a productive life after committing a crime really depends on a case to case basis especially in which facility they end up in and how they are tried this is due to the fact that juveniles in adult jails "are five times more likely to be raped or otherwise sexually assaulted than in juvenile facilities (p.17). In the case of Lionel Tate rehabilitation didn't work but that is not to say that it doesn't work for everybody in the cases of Morgan and Anissa it might be quite effective. Holloway makes it a point of stating that juveniles aren't allowed to do adult things such as drink, get married, etc so why should treatment and sentencing of juveniles in the criminal justice system be any different. They are children plain and simple and should be treated as such.

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Anissa's father consistently claimed "I know what my child does on her Ipad and who she talks to"- (Beware the Slender man). Which we can now infer is not as true as he would like to believe or he wasn't as thorough as he should have been. Children's minds are especially vulnerable to believe anything because they haven't fully developed. As opposed to adults who could probably have come to the conclusion that Slender man isn't real and the whole ordeal could have been avoided. While social media is a very useful tool in the hands of children who's minds are still gullible and naive it can be dangerous like in this case. These are factors to consider when determining the treatment and sentencing of a juvenile as an adult. Social media fueled the girls belief in Slender man and their underlying conditions in addition was just a tragedy in the making but that doesn't mean that with the right help in the right facility they couldn't go on to live productive lives.

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"What in his brief life could have lead him to commit this awful crime" (4:00-4:06). This statement alludes to the fact that there are other factors to consider when discussing how juveniles should be treated in the criminal justice system. This video informed the audience that there can be certain traumatic experiences/stressors that can lead to these horrific accidents. In the case of Lionel Tate he was neglected and shouldn't have left her children alone in the first place. His mother even went as far as trying to cover up what Lionel did. Even the prosecution said "I found life in prison with no parole inappropriate sentence" (13:30- 13:36). When considering when, if ever juveniles should be tried as adults we must look at how they might be negatively affected in their time in adult correctional facilities and how that might affect their chance at rehabilitation. Take Lionel Tate, maybe if he hadn't been convicted as an adult and hardened with his time in prison he could have successfully rehabilitated and not broken his parole.

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Michael Jackson - They Don't Care About Us