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“Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.”
― George Orwell, 1984

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“We should strive to welcome change and challenges, because they are what help us grow. With out them we grow weak like the Eloi in comfort and security. We need to constantly be challenging ourselves in order to strengthen our character and increase our intelligence. ”
― H.G. Wells, The Time Machine

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“The best books... are those that tell you what you know already.”
― George Orwell, 1984

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And now we turn to my beautiful city
Black skies changed into blue
And my love is so wise and so pretty

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As a conclusion, this is a summary of the traits of the dystopian genre in all forms of media. Dystopias are a fictional world in which the systems put in place have become corrupt and the quality of life for the general public has declined monumentally. Dystopias are typically set in the future, with advanced technology. The characters are strong-willed, intelligent, and independent. They often act as a beacon of hope for a society rampaged by destruction and horror by rebelling, even if it's just in small ways. Dystopian themes are powerful and are at the forefront of any story within the genre. The themes are explained through the character's personal thoughts and actions.

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What do Dystopias and Utopias Have in Common? 

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What do Dystopias and Utopias Have in Common? 

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Dystopias and Utopias are defined as being complete antonyms - yet, they share multiple attributes. The majority of Dystopias have over-bearing and controlling governments, to the extent to which it may be the catalyst of that world's issues, much like in The Pedestrian and 1984. Utopias also require government control, in at least some aspects of the public's personal lives, in order to secure perfection. To function realistically, that is. However, Utopian governments obviously use this power to help their people rather than hinder them as a Dystopian government would. Utopias and Dystopias both seem to have communism as their economic system, the only difference being how they're presented. In The Time Machine,  the Eloi's world is seen as a communist utopia when the Time Traveler arrives. Whereas in 1984, the party's version of communism is seen as evil and basically an excuse for the government to invade personal privacy for their own benefit.

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The majority of dystopian novels seem to scream one thing: the freedom to be independent. This includes everything from expressing oneself through thoughts, actions, and appearance, to having the right to privacy. Of course, this isn't the only uniting theme among the genre; many others, including the exploration of human sentimentality,  the danger of tyranny and totalitarianism (mainly presented in 1984), anti-idealization of government and societal hierarchies (most similarly in the Autodale series), the candid innocence of childhood when compared to its adult counterpart, the extreme vulnerability of the human psyche, the perils of our ever-advancing technological feats (like in The Pedestrian), the importance of economic and social equality (most notably displayed in The Time Machine), and the possibility of unrestrained modern problems that could lead to a desolate future.

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Dystopian novels are typically set in a futuristic world, according to the article How to Write Dystopian Fiction, in an already existing country or city. In The Time Machine, for example, The Time Traveler travels to a futuristic London, England. Another component of the setting is the technology of this new world. Any realistic future should have advanced technologically, and dystopias showcase this prominently. 1984, specifically, has an array of new technology, notably the speakwrite, the telescreen, and the four ministries.

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What are the Traits of Dystopian Protagonists?  

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What are the Traits of Dystopian Protagonists?  

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Protagonists of dystopian literature are symbolic depictions of their story's themes. Basically a personification of independent-mindedness, freedom, the importance of intelligence, and the optimistic side of human nature. Winston and The Time Traveler in their respective pieces of literature both enunciate these traits quite fervently and frequently in almost every action they partake in. Winston continually taking acts of quiet rebellion against the party and Big Brother shows clearly enough his thoughts and opinion on the corrupt system. The Time Traveler, while not taking any direct action, is still quite disgusted by many of the behaviors exhibited by the Eloi and Morlocks both. When Weena, his future companion, almost drowns, not one of the Eloi attempts to save her. The Time Traveler rescues her out of pure necessity and as a display of his humanity. The characters of this genre are usually considered to be 'an outsider' to the rest of his or her peers. In the Autodale series, Extraordinary people are seen as different. They even publicly remove their masks at some point, symbolizing their denouncement of citizenhood. They're instead turned into power sources of Autodale for their superior intellect and other capabilities.

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Dystopian literature is apart of the science fiction category, which in itself is considered to be within the top five most popular book genres of all time. But why is that? Frankly, it's because all dystopias hold some semblance to real, modern life. Even if the author didn't intend to reflect contemporary struggles and concerns, most readers can connect life events to the themes of dystopian fiction. Using 1984 as an example again, because it is a perfect piece of dystopian literature, the daily Two Minute Hate and Hate Week can be considered to have parallels to some of today's similar nuisances, like hate speech and cancel culture.

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Raised in an era of heroes and cons
That left me for dead or alive
I am a nation, a worker of pride (Hey!)
My debt to the status quo (Hey!)
The scars on my hands and a means to and end
It's all that I have to show

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Green Day - 21st Century Breakdown - [HQ]

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A utopia is the direct antonym of a dystopia. Utopias are idealized environments in which all persons, animals, and living things live in perfect synchronization with no issues. Typically, everyone is of equal status and class.  A perfect world that can never exist in the current state of Earth.

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The word dystopia comes from the original Greek words ' δυσ' and 'τόπος,'  which, together, mean 'bad place.' Quite literally, a dystopia is a fallen world void of any positives. The world a dystopia resides in is miserable and ridden with injustices, usually being a dramatized version of today's issues.