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Cows burp out methane as their complex ruminant digestive systems break down plant materials, putting it out to the atmosphere. Urine and feces contain Nitrogen, and this adds to the problem, because it is producing excess green house gasses to the atmosphere.

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Pros of Commercial Livestock Farming: Annually, commercial livestock farming contributes (estimated) 883 billion dollars to the economy. Farming provides food stability to 1.3 billion people each year. Cons: Globally, people have contracted diseases from livestock animals and it has effected 2.4 billion people. The obvious con, greenhouse gas emissions that are up to 574 million tons.

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Commercial Livestock Farming is the raising of livestock animals like cows, sheep, pigs, chickens, goats, and horses, to sell them commercially.

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Commercial Livestock Farming is an issue because it significantly increases the amount of green house gasses being released into atmosphere. The latest thinking by scientists is that US agriculture could be responsible for 574 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions. Which ranks second only to the burning of fossil fuels.

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Brown, Sarah. "How livestock farming affects the environment." DownToEarth, Down to earth, 29 Apr. 2019, www.downtoearth.org.in/factsheet/how-livestock-farming-affects-the-environment-64218.

Doplet, Keren, et al. "Environmental Effects of the Livestock Industry: The Relationship between Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior among Students in Israel." PMC, 16 Apr. 2019, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6518108/.

"Livestock impacts on the environment." Gatsby, FAO, Nov. 2006, www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~pel/environment/meat_is_evil.htm#:~:text=A%20new%20report%20from%20FAO,pollution%2C%20and%20loss%20of%20biodiversity.

Zampa, Matthew. "The Problem with Farming Animals." Sentient Media, 19 Sept. 2019, sentientmedia.org/the-problem-with-farming-animals/.

Popescu-Slavikova, Sara - "Intensive Agriculture" Greentumble, October 2018, https://greentumble.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-intensive-livestock-farming/

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Livestock waste releases high amounts of nitrogen into the environment (i.e, soil, water, etc.)

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Livestock farming is responsible for roughly 12.5% of greenhouse gasses going into the atmosphere, and 40% of methane. This is horrible for increasing global warming. It is also to be blamed for making water quality worse, as well as increasing erosion.

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CH4

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Giving probiotics to livestock

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cowsignals.com%2Fen%2F&psig=AOvVaw2oOyS6Tf0ItrlIcBPJnj0y&ust=1617485235159000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwi4w56YwODvAhXWBzQHTAfBcoQr4kDegUIARDSAQ

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-york-north-yorkshire-54268160&psig=AOvVaw2oOyS6Tf0ItrlIcBPJnj0y&ust=1617485235159000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwi4w56YwODvAhXWBzQIHTAfBcoQr4kDegUIARDaAQ

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biojuvant.com%2FSCD-Bio-Livestock-p%2Fa122.htm&psig=AOvVaw2dVuK0hqq33F7jcPP3qDzy&ust=1617485320147000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwjk4uHAwODvAhXNgZ4KHf7XDvwQr4kDegQIARBA

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vogue.com%2Farticle%2Fwhats-all-the-fuss-about-the-secret-life-of-cows-book&psig=AOvVaw2oOyS6Tf0ItrlIcBPJnj0y&ust=1617485235159000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwi4w56YwODvAhXWBzQIHTAfBcoQr4kDegUIARCcAQ

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One solution to help reduce commercial livestock farming is for humans to start eating less animal products. Each year, an average family of 4 people eats 130-200 pounds of beef and cow milk. If humans eat less there will be a less of a demand for these types of products. If humans switched to a more plant based diet there will be less of a need for commercial livestock farming.

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Scientists are trying to develop a vaccine to prevent the amount of methane cows produce. The vaccine works by giving cows antibodies to control the microbes in the cows stomach. The microbes effect how much methane is produced, but after given the vaccine, the cows possibly won't be able to digest anything, and eventually die.

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A solution farmers themselves can use to reduce to the negative effects of commercial livestock farming is to feed their livestock better quality food that will prevent them from producing as much methane methane.