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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Effect of Global Depression on Brazil?
Brazil was heavily impacted by the Global Depression. Coffee exports fell 50% in the years 1929-1932. The amount of foreign investment in Brazil was reduced to zero.
How do the steps that Vargas takes compare to those of other totalitarian rulers at the time?
Vargas was referred to as the "Father of the poor". He brought many social and economic changes to Brazil. Vargas changed who dominated the autonomous states. He revised the local tax structure and women were enfranchised.

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Nationalists?
The nationalists were Roman Catholics, most being landowners or businessmen. (Conservatives fascists)
Republicans/Loyalists?
The republicans were labourers and the educated middle class. (Liberals)
Some Historians argue that the Spanish Civil War is the actual beginning of WWII, to what extent do you agree or disagree and why?
I agree to a large extent because the Spanish Civil War emboldened Germany and Italy, who had aided the Nationalists militarily, and made Great Britain and France look weak, who had aided the Republicans. The success that the Axis Powers had in Spain made them believe that they stood a good chance of beating the Allies in a World War.

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Plans?
Launched the five-year plans. Ruled with terror and killed anyone who disagreed with him. Created secret police and implemented the Gulag system.
Targeting?
In the Great Purge, Stalin targeted the communist party, the military, and anyone else who he saw as dangerous.
Effects
Stalin created a regime based on fear and persecution, the government controlled the media and censored information. More communist governments were created and eventually, the Soviets entered the nuclear age.

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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What were they?
The 5 Year Plans and Collectivization were programs instituted by Stalin to industrialize the USSR
What were the goals?
The 5 Year Plans were used to draw out an economic plan for industrialization in the Soviet Union, and collectivization was used to redistribute land, food, and livestock
What were the outcomes?
The 5 Year Plans industrialized the Soviet Union to an extent, but collectivization led to mass famine and urban migration by disgruntled farmers

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Colonies of allied powers felt betrayed that their sacrifices during the war were not acknowledged, and angered that they were not afforded the opportunity for self-determination that some European peoples were given

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Grievances?
Did not approve of a constitutional monarchy and wanted to limit the power of Yuan. Also, a prominent leader was assassinated and members suspected the Yuan.
Plans?
(Largely unsuccessful plan to) overthrow the Yuan with a revolution.
Targeting?
Targeted the Yuan through the revolution.
Effects?
The revolt was lost and Yuan dissolved the party. Later, Sun established his own Chinese Revolutionary Party, but was unsuccessful. In 1919, he successfully brought back the Kuomintang of China which was later recognized by the Soviet Union

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Grievances?
Great Britain and France gave German colonies in China to Japan instead of back to China. They lost faith in Western-style government and looked towards communism
Plans?
Mass peasant result in China to spark a communist revolution
Targeting?
Ended up targeted by the ruling party, the Kuomintang, and forced to go on the Long March
Effects?
Gained popular support from many peasants in China, setting up their success in the civil war later

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What is it?
It was Japans attemp to form an economic and military bloc with the Nations within East and SouthEast Asia against the Western manipulation and colonization.
What are the goals?
It was trying to stop the spread of the Western colonization into their regions

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1. Effect of Global Depression on Japan?
Countries no longer imported luxuries from Japan like silk after the Global Depression hit.
2. New Territories Seized?
Japan seized Manchuria, a northern region of China.
3. Why did they leave the League of Nations?
Japan left the League of Nations because they were told to leave Manchuria alone and they did not want to, so they withdrew from the league.

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Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

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Areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were economically dependent on Imperial powers experience severe economic consequences

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What is it?
The New Deal was an act that Franklin Roosevelt was promoting in order for America to be on the road of economic recovery through federal activism
Relief?
It provided relief for the unemployed and the poor.
Recovery?
It was not able to fully recover the economy back to its normal levels, but it did recover to an extent.
Reform?
It reformed the financial system so that way the depression couldn't happen again.

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Starting with the US, countries begin passing tariffs intending to protect their domestic economies.
How does this help create a GLOBAL depression?
Protectionist tariffs decrease the incentive for international trade, as it becomes more expensive than domestic trade. This means that countries whose economies are reliant on international trade will fall into recession. As most states were reliant on international trade due to industrialization, imperialism, and free trade policies, they all suffered and had lots of difficulty recovering from the tariffs.

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1. After a brief surge in the 20's people have over-invested in the stock market  --> Crash
2. Agricultural Overproduction --> low prices on goods --> farmers can't pay off debts
3. European debtors aren't paying

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France and Britain are counting on German reparations and Soviet debt repayments in order to pay their own debts, no money in = no money out

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Grievances?
Italy was angry that it didn't get as much territory as it would have liked after WWI
Plans?
Mussolini sought to gain power and turn Italy into a fascist state, one that controlled all sectors of society. He also wanted to invade Abyssinia again to expand Italy's territory.
Targeting?
Targeted the opposition by harassing/imprisoning them, and targeted propaganda towards the populace
Effects?
Italy's invasion of Abyssinia hurt the credibility of the League of Nations, and Italy became a fascist state intent on expanding its territory through military action.

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Grievances?
Economic depression greatly hurt the country, leading to millions of unemployed. The Germans also had low national pride after being defeated in WW1 and believed that the current government was too weak to solve its current crises.
Plans?
The Nazis planned widespread propaganda campaigns and directed the people's anger towards groups of certain people.
Targeting?
They targeted the Jews, the Marxists, those who signed the Armistice of 1918 and the Treaty of Versailles, and numerous political opponents.
Effects?
Adolf Hitler was appointed as Chancellor of Germany. The Nazi Party became the dominant party, led by Adolf Hitler and following his personal will completely.

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Germany doesn't have money to pay, so they just print more

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China supported the Allied Powers in the war

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(none of the other Cental Powers exist anymore)

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- France experienced devastation due to being a major front of the war
- Britain wants payback too

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- "Peace without Victory"
- Self-Determination for former Central Powers territories
- 14 Points & League of Nations

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Bolshevik Russia refused to pay their war debts to the Allied Powers  --> Allied Powers refuse to recognize the new Bolshevik government

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Italy switched alliances in 1917 with the promise of new territory if/when the Allied Powers won.