# data[].attributes.headline
How was the disease discovered and what is/was the case definition?

# data[].attributes.subject
How was the disease discovered and what is/was the case definition?

# data[].attributes.body
Polio was discovered by Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper in 1908 through an electron microscope. Case definition: acute onset of a flaccid paralysis of one or more limbs with decreased or absent tendon reflexes in the affected limbs, without other apparent cause, and without sensory or cognitive loss; AND in which the patient has:

A neurologic deficit 60 days after onset of initial symptoms; OR

Died; OR

Unknown follow-up status

# data[].attributes.headline
Was/is the disease outbreak endemic, epidemic, or pandemic and why?

# data[].attributes.subject
Was/is the disease outbreak endemic, epidemic, or pandemic and why?

# data[].attributes.body
The disease outbreak was an epidemic in the 1900s most likely from the higher standards of living.

In the past, when infants had been exposed to polio, they were aided by maternal antibodies and the poliovirus was defeated.

However,  as exposure of polio was delayed until later in life, lasting immunity could not be developed.

Thus, young children often contracted polio after maternal immunity has dissipated.

# data[].attributes.headline
What impact did this disease have, historically, on the course of world events?

# data[].attributes.subject
What impact did this disease have, historically, on the course of world events?

# data[].attributes.body
Descriptions of diseases like Polio go all the way back to Ancient Egypt; caused epidemics throughout history

Late 1940s: polio outbreaks increased in frequency, virus seemed to peak in the summer, travel/commerce between affected cities were restricted and quarantines were imposed as well

Slight pandemic in the 1950s, many polio survivors were disabled for life, suffering from temporary/permanent paralysis, fatal deaths occurred, overall people worldwide were affected including government officials such as President FDR

# data[].attributes.body
Dr. Jonas Salk, 1952, University of Pittsburgh (IPV)

# data[].attributes.body
Inactivated vaccine

# data[].attributes.headline
Cases of Polio Paralysis: Before vs. After Polio Vaccine

# data[].attributes.subject
Cases of Polio Paralysis: Before vs. After Polio Vaccine

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Screenshot_2021-03-12 Design a Vaccine Museum - Google Docs

# data[].attributes.headline
Present one real-life account of the vaccine for the disease: When, where, who, what, how, why.

# data[].attributes.subject
Present one real-life account of the vaccine for the disease: When, where, who, what, how, why.

# data[].attributes.body
Janice Flood Nichols

Syracuse, New York

Got vaccine in spring 1954

Diagnosed with polio as a child in fall of 1953

twin brother died from polio and she was in the middle of intensive physical therapy before participating in the Salk vaccine trial, was 6 years old at the time of diagnosis and had come from a clean home but was infected nonetheless

# data[].attributes.body
There are four doses of the vaccine. Individuals should develop protective antibodies to the three serotypes of the polio virus. The IPV has the specific virus’s dead cells introduced into the body, and the antigens are recognized. Thus, the lymphocytes are able to recognize the live versions of the virus if contact is made in the future.

# data[].attributes.body
The vaccine was developed due to polio’s infectious nature and in the year of 1952, the worst epidemic of polio was recorded (60,000 infected, 3,145 deaths).

# data[].attributes.body
1) “NMAH: Polio: A Living Chemical.” NMAH | Polio: A Living Chemical, 1 Feb. 2005, amhistory.si.edu/polio/virusvaccine/livingchem.htm.
2) “History of Polio.” Timeline | History of Vaccines, www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline/polio.
3) “Poliomyelitis, Paralytic2010 Case Definition.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/poliomyelitis-paralytic/case-definition/2010/.
4) Nichols, Janice Floor. “Unprotected People #105 Polio.” Immunize, Immunization Action Coalition, 9 May 2013, www.immunize.org/reports/report105.pdf.
5) “Share of One-Year-Olds Vaccinated against Polio (Pol3).” Our World in Data, ourworldindata.org/grapher/polio-vaccine-coverage-of-one-year-olds.
6) Heinsbroek, Ellen, and E. Joost Ruitenberg. “The Global Introduction of Inactivated Polio Vaccine Can Circumvent the Oral Polio Vaccine Paradox.” Vaccine, Elsevier, 1 Apr. 2010, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10002914.
7) Patel, Manish, et al. “Polio Endgame: the Global Introduction of Inactivated Polio Vaccine.” Taylor & Francis, 19 Jan. 2015, www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1586/14760584.2015.1001750.
8) Meldrum, Marcia. “‘A Calculated Risk’: the Salk Polio Vaccine Field Trials of 1954.” The BMJ, British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 31 Oct. 1998, www.bmj.com/content/317/7167/1233.short.

# data[].attributes.headline
What impact did the vaccine have on this disease and public health?

# data[].attributes.subject
What impact did the vaccine have on this disease and public health?

# data[].attributes.body
There is a campaign to eradicate polio and the western hemisphere had been declared free of polio in 1994. However, there are still three polio-endemic countries -- Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Screenshot_2021-03-12 Design a Vaccine Museum - Google Docs(1)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Screenshot_2021-03-12 Design a Vaccine Museum - Google Docs(2)

# data[].attributes.headline
Percentage of 1-Year-Olds Vaccinated Against Polio 

# data[].attributes.subject
Percentage of 1-Year-Olds Vaccinated Against Polio 