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- Could be a malignant or benign mass in the brain. If malignant, it could spread to other places in the body, or it could originate somewhere else in the body but move to the brain.
- Brain tumors result in cells having mutations that result in the continued process of cell division. Tumor cells do not go through the normal process of the different checkpoints that stop and start the cell cycle. Normal cells know when to stop dividing based on density, but tumors will continue to grow even if there is little to no room.
- Brain tumor symptoms usually are:

New onset or change in pattern of headaches

Headaches that gradually become more frequent and more severe

Unexplained nausea or vomiting

Vision problems, such as blurred vision, double vision or loss of peripheral vision

Gradual loss of sensation or movement in an arm or a leg

Difficulty with balance

Speech difficulties

Confusion in everyday matters

Personality or behavior changes

Seizures, especially in someone who doesn't have a history of seizures

Hearing problems

- Brain tumors can appear at any time in a person's life, but the median age at diagnosis for a primary brain tumor is 60 years

- Treatment can include:

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Radiation

Drug therapy

- 70% of tumors are benign while 30% are malignant and the average survival rate for all primary brain tumors is 75.2%, but the survival rate depends on malignancy
Picture of glioblastoma:

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-A weakness in a blood vessel in the brain that balloons and fills with blood. The bigger it grows, the more risk of rupture. If it ruptures, it can cause stroke and death.

- Causes include:

High blood pressure

Atherosclerosis

Hereditary

Head Trauma

Prescription Drug use

illegal Drug use

Infection

Tumors

Smoking

Alcoholism

- Symptoms: Can have no symptoms, but people may experience:

Headache, nausea or vomiting, bleeding, dizziness, light sensitivity, headache, stiff neck, or thunderclap headache
- Brain aneurysms can occur in anyone and at any age. They are most common in adults between the ages of 30 and 60
-Treatments for an unruptured aneurysm include medications to control blood pressure and procedures to prevent a future rupture. Emergency medical care is needed for a ruptured aneurysm.
-Prognosis: Someone with an unruptured brain aneurysm has about a 1% chance of the aneurysm rupturing per year. Patients with “giant” aneurysms (1 inch or greater in diameter) have a much higher risk of rupture. The survival rate for those with a ruptured brain aneurysm is about 60% (40% die).

- Brain Aneurysm clipping procedure picture:

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- A disease that is an inherited condition in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time.
- The main cause of Huntington's is hereditary. It is the dominant trait, so if you have the gene, then you have Huntington's.
-Symptoms include:

Muscular: abnormality walking, increased muscle activity, involuntary movements, problems with coordination, loss of muscle, or muscle spasms

Cognitive: amnesia, delusion, lack of concentration, mental confusion, slowness in activity, or difficulty thinking and understanding

Behavioral: compulsive behavior, fidgeting, irritability, or lack of restraint

Psychological: delirium, depression, hallucination, or paranoia

Mood: anxiety, apathy, or mood swings

Also common: difficulty speaking, memory loss, tremor, or weight loss

- Symptoms are usually develop in the age range of 30-40
-No cure exists, but drugs, physical therapy, and talk therapy can help manage some symptoms.
- Prognosis: Huntington's is fatal, so if you have it, the disease will kill you
-Normal brain vs. Huntington's brain: