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Malcolm X, Black Panther Party, and other alternative civil rights movement approaches

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Malcolm X, Black Panther Party, and other alternative civil rights movement approaches

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Famous for taking
up guns in defense against police brutality, the Panthers had many other
little-known sides of their work. They organized dozens of community programs
such as free breakfast for children, health clinics and shoes for children.

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the American Civil Rights Movement on August 6, 1965, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections. Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Act allowed for a mass enfranchisement of racial minorities throughout the country, especially in the South.

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March on Washington and Dr. King's "I Have A Dream" Speech

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March on Washington and Dr. King's "I Have A Dream" Speech

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March on Washington: One of the greatest political rallies in the history of America. This was to promote equal economic opportunities and improve equity for all African Americans in the nation. This ultimately lead to the city of Washington and resulted in Martin Luther King's great "I Have A Dream" speech.

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Outlawed discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and gender. The main goal of this was to attempt to make society grow progressively. This practically removed segregation from the nation and created equal opportunities for everyone in the country.

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Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and Freedom Summer

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Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and Freedom Summer

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Sit-ins: On February 1, 1960, four college students decided to walk into a whites-only coffee shop. When their request for service was refused, they decided to sit patiently to show that they would not deal with segregation. No one participated in this without absolute seriousness, and every sit-in was peaceful.

Freedom Rides: This was a series of bus trips going through the American south in protest of segregated busses.

Freedom Summer: The Freedom Summer, comprised of black Mississippians and more than 1,000 out-of-state, predominately white volunteers, faced constant abuse and harassment from Mississippi's white population.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

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Letter from Birmingham Jail (also known as "Letter from Birmingham City Jail" and
"The Negro Is Your Brother") is an open letter written on April 16,
1963, by Martin Luther King, Jr. The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent
resistance to racism, arguing that people have a moral responsibility to break
unjust laws.

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A school in Little Rock, Arkansas that was willing to comply with the Supreme Court's ruling. They conducted interviews with black children and determined whether or not they were suited for admission. Became a major step forward in public school dessegregation

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Political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. Ended when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person. Determined segregated buses as unconstitutional.

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On May 17, 1954, U.S. Supreme Court Justive Earl Warren delivered the unamious ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board  of Education of Topeka, Kansas. State-sanctioned  segreation of public schools was a violation of the 14th ammendment and was therefore uncontiutional.

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President Truman's Desegregation of the Armed Forces

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President Truman's Desegregation of the Armed Forces

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In 1940 the U.S. population was about 131 million, 12.6 million of which was African American, or about 10 perecent of the total population. During World War II, the Army had become the nation's largest minority employer .

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United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionally of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "seperate but equal". Allowed for blacks to receive better protection under in the United States

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A reconstruction amendment that addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws. Allowed equal representation for former slaves.