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- Censorship systems are vigorously implemented by provincial branches of state-owned ISPs, business companies, and organizations

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-Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China is conducted under a wide variety of laws and administrative regulations, including more than sixty regulations directed at the Internet

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-The government does not appear to be systematically examining Internet content, as this appears to be technically impractical

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-The system also selectively engages in DNS poisoning when particular sites are requested

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-A widely publicized example of internet censorship is the "Great Firewall of China" (in reference both to its role as a network firewall and to the ancient Great Wall of China). The system blocks content by preventing IP addresses from being routed through and consists of standard firewall and proxy servers at the Internet gateways

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-The Global Internet Freedom Consortium claims to remove blocks to the "free flow of information" for what they term "closed societies". According to the Reporters without Borders (RWB) "internet enemy list" the following states engage in pervasive internet censorship:

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-The concept of freedom of information has emerged in response to state sponsored censorship, monitoring and surveillance of the internet. Internet censorship includes the control or suppression of the publishing or accessing of information on the Internet.

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"We reaffirm, as an essential foundation of the Information society, and as outlined in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; that this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. Communication is a fundamental social process, a basic human need and the foundation of all social organisation. It is central to the Information Society. Everyone, everywhere should have the opportunity to participate and no one should be excluded from the benefits of the Information Society offers"

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-The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Declaration of Principles adopted in 2003 makes specific reference to the importance of the right to freedom of expression for the "Information Society"

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-International, national and regional standards recognise that freedom of speech, as one form of freedom of expression, applies to any medium, including the Internet

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-Jo Glanville, editor of the Index on Censorship, states that "the Internet has been a revolution for censorship as much as for free speech"

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-As a general principle freedom of expression may not limit the right to privacy, as well as the honor and reputation of others. However greater latitude is given when criticism of public figures is involved

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- is also related to the right to a fair trial and court proceeding which may limit access to the search for information, or determine the opportunity and means in which freedom of expression is manifested within court proceedings

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-The right to freedom of speech and expression is closely related to other rights, and may be limited when conflicting with other rights

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- Adopted in 1791, freedom of speech is a feature of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution

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-The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted during the French Revolution in 1789, specifically affirmed freedom of speech as an inalienable right

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-England's Bill of Rights 1689 legally established the constitutional right of freedom of speech in Parliament which is still in effect

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-Concepts of freedom of speech can be found in early human rights documents

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-Freedom of speech was added to the First Amendment in 1791

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-Roman Republic included freedom of speech and freedom of religion

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-ancient Athenian democratic principle of free speech may have emerged in the late 6th or early 5th century BC

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-has a long history that predates modern international human rights instruments

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-may not be recognized as being absolute, and common limitations or boundaries to freedom of speech relate to:

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-The version of Article 19 in the ICCPR later amends this by stating that the exercise of these rights carries "special duties and responsibilities" and may "therefore be subject to certain restrictions" when necessary "[f]or respect of the rights or reputation of others" or "[f]or the protection of national security or of public order (order public), or of public health or morals".

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-Article 19 of the UDHR states that "everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice"

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- is recognized as a human right under article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

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-The term "freedom of expression" is sometimes used synonymously but includes any act of seeking, receiving, and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used

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-is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction