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Sharing contrasting perspectives brings a better sense of communication and understanding.

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Scientific discoveries that have been proved correctly through thorough investigation provide us with better understanding of the subject.

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Historical tragedies should not be ignored in the face of simultaneous growth and innovation.

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Should Columbus day be celebrated?

Columbus day is a holiday celebrating Cristopher Columbus' arrival to the Americas, it is celebrated on October 12.

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WOK: Reason & imagination
AOK: History

TOK Concepts: Knowledge, belief, personal, shared knowledge, validity, evidence, coherence, pattern, judgement, truth

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Although Cristopher Columbus' arrival meant exploration and discovery as he came into the "The New World" he also committed many atrocities, some of them being mass genocide, slavery, and cruelty against natives. Nowadays, Columbus day is celebrated to commemorate Columbus' landing on the Americas as well as his achievements. Historical tragedies should not be ignored in the face of simultaneous growth and innovation as we not only ignore the fact that he mistreated millions of unwilling indigenous people but we celebrate colonization and loss of Native American culture underneath the shadow of the Europeans'. A misconception of this holiday is history, as children are not taught the atrocities committed, but professors mainly focus on teaching the positive aspects of his arrival in a sense of European prosperity to find riches and exploit American lands, later on introducing indigenous people European ways. Mistreatment should not be disregarded as it is something immoral Columbus utilized to reach his ultimate goal. Also, our knowledge of this contrasting perspective provides us with a better understanding of a loss/disconnection to humanity during the exploitation of Americans and the effects of it in regard to the obvious rivalry the indigenous people developed due to colonialist mistreatment.

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Palestine & Israel Conflict.

The ongoing conflict over  territory between Israel and Palestine persists until today as a common agreement has not been decided. Most Israelis and Palestinians feel strongly about the topic.

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WOK: Language, emotion, reason, imagination, faith

AOK: History

TOK Concepts: Culture, personal, shared knowledge, justification, bias, belief, validity, evidence

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Groups such as Hamas, do not determine a single stance of a whole nation, instead, they end up completely hindering Palestinian reputation as these groups bring a distortional idea and a more violent view into "solving conflict" with even more violence which is something that cannot be achieved. On the other hand, Palestinians as well as Israelis who are open to ideas and believe in peace and non-violent approaches may certainly reach a common ground in living peacefully, as most of them comprehend each other's griefs and discomforts. Political turmoil as well as governmental powers greatly influence people's views on the issue, similarly observed in unit 2 - to what extent can we actually believe authority in regards to the promises and plans that are being presented? I believe there is no such thing as a "violent nation" in this conflict, but there is great miscommunication between both governments and therefore people, for the fight of power and the sense of belonging of each Palestinian and Israeli in the Holy Land and what they claim is theirs. Exploring contrasting perspectives coming from both sides contributes in reaching common understandings, acknowledging and analyzing the biased or unreliable information one group may have received, such as the fact that the Israeli government claims that all Israelis that kill an individual will go to prison; however, many Israelis have gotten away with murder and have not been sentenced. Also, the IDF (Israeli Defense Forces) claims to only give orders of shooting people that are considered threats to their safety; however, there are millions of innocent Palestinians, even children who have lost their lives to these soldiers. Overall, I believe perspectives from both contrasting sides should be shared to not only raise awareness of many issues that are not being resolved due to fighting and misunderstandings, but to not only share but understand both perspectives.

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Jane Goodall's Chimpanzee Tool Discovery (1960)

From a very young age Jane Goodall developed a passion for nature and wildlife. On a trip to Kenya she met Dr. Leakey. Later on, Goodall became Leakey's secretary and was then selected by him to carry an investigation in Africa regarding Chimpanzee behavior. Many people judged Goodall's intellect for being a woman and not attending university, as well as the fact that she decided to name the chimpanzees she was studying instead of using numbers. However, Dr. Leakey believed she was the perfect candidate as she could carry the investigation with "fresh eyes". Finally, Goodall gained recognition after discovering many aspects of chimpanzee behavior, the fact that chimpanzees are homo sapiens' closest relatives, and that alike humans they are capable of using tools.

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WOK: Reason & perception

AOK: Natural sciences, Human sciences, history

TOK Concepts: Knowledge, shared knowledge, understanding, explanation, certainty

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Before Jane Goodall's thorough investigation on chimpanzee behavior, the topic was almost foreign to researchers. After studying and having developed a deep bond with the animals, Goodall has had the chance to understand their behaviors and their ability to utilize tools for their own benefit, alike humans. Scientific discoveries that have been proved correctly through investigations, such as this one which provides us with a broader comprehension of chimpanzees as we get to observe a more personal and close view of their functioning. Thanks to Goodall's contrasting view in comparison to researchers who disproved her theory, we can now  observe a more clear view of this animal and its similarity between us, humans. It is crucial that we acknowledge contrasting perspectives as they are now disproven by Goodall's and can teach us about this animal. Thanks to this new perspective of investigation (different to other wildlife specialists) almost everyone has access to this piece of knowledge which provides us with more knowledge about biology.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7VR2yny9mc

https://rapidcityjournal.com/lifestyles/people/top-5-atrocities-committed-by-christopher-columbus/collection_76ebb2b8-f63d-11e3-a137-001a4bcf887a.html#1

https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/columbus-day

Photograph: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChristopher_Columbus&psig=AOvVaw2RqXS-RswACqE_Pc850yuP&ust=1600539926505000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCMCs-ICq8-sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

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Photograph: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fquiz%2Fsee-how-much-you-know-about-israeli-palestinian-conflict&psig=AOvVaw1D1mwa59Sxa3n2pMLYsiBc&ust=1600543285469000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCOCWpcO28-sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAK

(Please watch if you have time, it is very interesting!)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jj8vne0ca0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRDaqCmYdgc

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https://www.famousscientists.org/jane-goodall/#:~:text=Jane%20Goodall%20is%20an%20expert,relative%20in%20the%20animal%20kingdom.

Photogrpah: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jenniferllane.com%2Fjenniferllaneblog%2F2018%2F9%2F20%2Fwhat-i-learned-this-summer&psig=AOvVaw0wRJQ5cF7_ta-QuVEO67o5&ust=1600545276729000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCMCd1fu98-sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAO

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In conclusion, nurturing contrasting perspectives has an effect on our knowledge that brings value in different ways such as disagreeing with a perspective, feeling empathy towards someone, checking reliable sources, proving scientific discoveries, etc. Contrasting perspectives should certainly be presented to feed our knowledge, not always to get an ideal outcome/answer, but always learning something new, exploring new perspectives when exchanging diverse ideas. For example, Jane Goodall presented an idea about chimpanzees being alike humans in the sense of creating tools for their own benefit, as other researchers had presented contrasting ideas to her's claiming otherwise; However, Goodall was able to sustain her claim with scientific reliable data and the other researchers were able to gain knowledge from her investigation. In addition, Claim #1 also presents a similar idea, Cristopher Columbus committed so many atrocities and until this day people celebrate his "achievements" during his stay in the Americas, this is hugely controversial, although they cannot be totally blamed, as they may have been taught a different perspective of the story by a historian or teacher that may have justified Columbus' arrival with the fact that he introduced "civilization", ignoring and fluctuating historical facts. This contrasting perspective, unlike the one we are usually introduced to contributes to our knowledge by knowing the truth of events we are presented to, and our perspective on "prosperity". Finally, Claim #2 introduces highly controversial ideas which mainly depend on experience or information sources. Through contrasting views of both Palestine and Israel we can learn about the government's influence on its people as well as how experiences shapes humans.