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Want some tips on how to produce an effective proposal?

This workshop is aimed at undergraduates and it will provide a general introduction to structuring your proposal.

This workshop is not subject specific, but will give general principles that apply across subject areas.

If you need further information or any adjustments to fully access this session, please contact libraryhelp@tees.ac.uk in advance.

You don't have to book, just join us on the date listed. (Please note there is a limit of 300 participants, on a first come first served basis).

Tuesday 27th October 12.00-1.00pm

To participate, go to: https://teams.microsoft.com/l/meetup-join/19%3ameeting_M2I4YWNmYzctZTgwNC00MDhmLThmN2MtYzA1MmU0ZTA3NWIx%40thread.v2/0?context=%7b%22Tid%22%3a%2243d2115b-a55e-46b6-9df7-b03388ecfc60%22%2c%22Oid%22%3a%22ce93c4e8-05f1-4476-9a10-2b0f020d295a%22%7d

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LibGuides: Writing a Research Proposal: Help

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Want some tips on how to produce an effective proposal? This workshop is aimed at undergraduates and it will provide a general introduction to structuring your proposal. This workshop is not subject specific, but will give general principles that apply across subject areas.

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Download the following document and complete the exercises in conjunction with the PowerPoint presentation above:

You may find it useful to use a search record form to keep note of your searches and results. Click on the link below to download a blank form.

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LibGuides: Doing a Literature Search for your dissertation or project: Help

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Download the following document and complete the exercises in conjunction with the PowerPoint presentation above: You may find it useful to use a search record form to keep note of your searches and results. Click on the link below to download a blank form.

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LibGuides: Structured searching for health students (using CINAHL and other databases): Home

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LibGuides: Structured searching for health students (using CINAHL and other databases): Home

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Skip to main content

This guide may be of particular use to students on Early Years, Early Childhood Studies and Education courses who are undertaking a secondary research dissertation or research proposal.

If your dissertation or final year project is secondary researched based you may be asked do perform a more structured search called PIO. PIO searching is very different from how you will have looked for research in the past. For this reason it can seem daunting but the following guides can help your through the process from the preparing your search terms to using the databases.

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LibGuides: Structured searching using PIO: Home

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Skip to main content This guide may be of particular use to students on Early Years, Early Childhood Studies and Education courses who are undertaking a secondary research dissertation or research proposal. If your dissertation or final year project is secondary researched based you may be asked do perform a more structured search called PIO.

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LibGuides: Writing a Literature Review: Help

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LibGuides: Writing a Literature Review: Help

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And how to focus on quantitive/qualitive research

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Sampling is the process of selecting a given number of units of analysis from a population. Although in social research these units are often individuals, they do not need to be but could be households, firms, countries etc.

Sampling is often based on randomness to ensure representativeness, although non-random sampling might be used in some circumstances.

(Definition from: Sage Research Methods)

Sampling error is an estimate of how a sample statistic is expected to differ from a population parameter in a random sample drawn from the population i.e. how does the sample you are looking at reflect / is different from the population you want to expand your hypothesis to.

n estimate of the Mean from the sample will not be be the same as the population value. There will be a difference (an error). This error will be less if we thought about the sample carefully, ensuring representativeness and avoiding any biases.

The higher the error the less certain you can be that the value reflects what you would expect in the population.

concerns the situation where if you took repeated samples from the same population and then work out the means and standard deviations of these different samples they will not be the same.

Different types of sampling:

Random sample - every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected e.g drawing lots out of a hat.

Systematic sampling - a random sample where a system has been applied e.g. choosing every Xth member of the population.

- use if you are aware that specific groups in a population will be different from each other. The number from each group should be proportionate to the number in the general population e.g. sex or age.

- divide the population into clusters and randomly sample a number from these clusters.

Convenience sample- this is a sample that is conveniently available to you.

Snowballing - a variant of convenience sampling. You start with one in your sample who then recommend others. Useful for hard to reach populations.

Quota sampling - Participants are selected in a non-random way according to a fixed quota e.g using a quota such as 40% female and 60% male

Purposive sampling - sampling with a specific purpose in mind e.g females between 50 and 60.

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LibGuides: Quantitative data collection and analysis: Quantitative data collection

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Sampling is the process of selecting a given number of units of analysis from a population. Although in social research these units are often individuals, they do not need to be but could be households, firms, countries etc. Sampling is often based on randomness to ensure representativeness, although non-random sampling might be used in some circumstances.

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Could you explain what is required with a systematic review?

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Systematic reviews may examine quantitative or qualitative evidence. In the past systematic reviews were predominantly medical and often with a narrowly defined focus. Increasingly systematic reviews are attempting to deal with much broader topics, including topics allied to medicine but also topics outside of medicine. It is becoming more common in certain disciplines to see two or more types of evidence included and appraised and this is often called a mixed-method systematic review.

Quantitative

If the focus of your systematic review is to find quantitative research, you may be looking for studies:

that involve the use of numbers in the collection of data

where there is no involvement between the researcher and the participant

which usually have a lot of participants and therefore generalised findings can be made and applied in wider contexts

Examples of quantitative research are:

If you are unsure of the type of research you are looking at, some key features of quantitative research are: random sampling, descriptive or inferential statistics, p-values, confidence intervals, risk ratios and odd ratios.

Qualitative

If the focus of your systematic review is to find qualitative research, you may be looking for studies:

which explore meaning and phenomena

that include data which is not numerical

where results are descriptive rather than statistical

Examples of quantitative research are:

Mixed Methods

It is becoming increasingly common to see two or more types of evidence included and appraised in a systematic review. If several data types (both quantitative and qualitative) are combined in the review it is known as a mixed method systematic review. An example of this could be bringing together findings of effectiveness (quantitative evidence) and patient, family, staff or others' experiences (qualitative evidence) to enhance the usefulness of the recommendations to decision makers (taken from Briggs, 2019).

Hierarchy of Evidence

Not all evidence is the same and therefore cannot be treated as equal. Systematic reviews always consider the quality of evidence in each research study before summarising the information in a review. Evidence based medicine requires the use of the best available evidence, in order to be able to make effective recommendations.

(Greenhalgh, 2019, p.42-43) lists the traditional hierarchy of evidence in the following order:

1. Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses

2. RCTs with definitive results

3. RCTs with non‐definitive results

6. Cross‐sectional surveys

Cardiff University Library Services (no date) have also created an evidence pyramid, which illustrates the hierarchy of evidence based on quality. At the top of the pyramid is the most reliable and current evidence and at the bottom is the evidence which is regarded as the lowest quality, which includes background information or expert opinion. Click on the image to see more.

There are also some alternative resources which offer more complex versions of the hierarchy, for example:

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Systematic reviews may examine quantitative or qualitative evidence. In the past systematic reviews were predominantly medical and often with a narrowly defined focus. Increasingly systematic reviews are attempting to deal with much broader topics, including topics allied to medicine but also topics outside of medicine.

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How soon should I start planning, and what's a good way of keeping notes etc organised if I want to reference/revisit something?

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How soon should I start planning, and what's a good way of keeping notes etc organised if I want to reference/revisit something?

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What is RefWorks?

RefWorks is a web-based tool that allows you to create and manage your own personal database of useful references. You can then use these to quickly compile a bibliography for your reports and papers.

It also allows you to collaborate and share your research with colleagues.

What does it do?

You can import references directly from a number of online databases

It allows you to organise, store and manage your references

It allows you to automatically format your bibliography in a variety of styles

It allows you to share your references with colleagues

However : always check your bibliography, some editing may be required. You still need to have an understanding of the referencing style your School requires.

For further help: please contact libraryhelp@tees.ac.uk.

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LibGuides: RefWorks: Introduction to RefWorks

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What is RefWorks? RefWorks is a web-based tool that allows you to create and manage your own personal database of useful references. You can then use these to quickly compile a bibliography for your reports and papers. It also allows you to collaborate and share your research with colleagues.

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Any tips on how to manage my time. I am working full time and doing an MSc

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Skip to main content

Clear Filters/Browse All Databases

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The most frequently-used databases

The EBook Library is a web-based e-book lending platform covering a wide range of subject areas. You can search the whole collection and browse any item for 5 minutes and if we have purchased a copy of the book you may check out an item for longer.

The library provides some ebook content via the VLeBooks platform.

The following databases are newly acquired or being evaluated for a future subscription.

Digimap Collections are EDINA services that deliver maps and map data of Great Britain to UK tertiary education.
Users can view, print and customise maps with our Roam application, or map data is available either to download to use with appropriate application software such as GIS or CAD.
Collections includes:
Historic Digimap - historic maps from Landmark
Geology Digimap - geological maps and data from the British Geological Survey
Marine Digimap - hydrographic maps and data from OceanWise Ltd
Environment Digimap - Land Cover Maps from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH)
Aerial Digimap - high resolution Aerial Imagery data from Getmapping Plc
Lidar Digimap - high resolution Lidar data from national agencies

PressReader has over 7000 newspapers and magazines from over 100 countries in 60 different languages. Issues of magazines and newspapers appear as they would do in print as soon as they are published.

New

In this journal collection we have access to:
1475 titles in Social Science and Humanities Library
532 titles in Science & Technology Library
203 titles in Medical Library

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Skip to main content Clear Filters/Browse All Databases Loading... The most frequently-used databases The EBook Library is a web-based e-book lending platform covering a wide range of subject areas. You can search the whole collection and browse any item for 5 minutes and if we have purchased a copy of the book you may check out an item for longer.