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I recently watched a TV show called Vikings which talks about the viking way of life and specifically follows a man’s journey into becoming a powerful warrior, Ragnar Lothbrok. One of the things that struck me as interesting was the faith they had in their gods as an absolute truth that they never doubted or questioned, and to appease their gods they would go so far as to sacrifice people who willingly volunteered for this ritual who did not fear death and found their sacrifice to the gods to be an honour.

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I remember back in middle school when we had a guest speaker come talk to us. He was a Polish Jew who had been in the concentration camps and had lost nearly all his family in them. The reason he was able to escape was because of a Nazi officer who made him his cleaning boy and would sneak extra pieces of food for him to keep his alive until the troops arrived. He was an elderly man in his late 80s and someone asked him if he both hated Hitler and  "what would you say or do if you could to Hitler right now?" He answered that he did not hate him with a genuineness that surprised me and, "I'd tell him to shave his mustache." We all laughed, uplifted by the humorous ending to the tragic story he told us.
WOK: Emotion
AOK:History

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In my Psychology class and later TOK I watched a video on babies establishing some sort of morality in as young as even 3 months old. These babies were given tasks to evaluate fairness in a situation where they had to choose between 2 puppets based on their actions. In a majority of the babies, they chose the ‘good’ puppet over the ‘mean’ puppet which led the researchers to believe that there might be a biological basis for inherent morality.

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To conclude, nurturing different perspectives allows people to challenge the inherent biases that distort our thinking of others based on small differences, permits one to strengthen their preexisting knowledge or denounce it, and creates a path for new understanding of the world and people in it.

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To conclude, nurturing different perspectives allows people to challenge the inherent biases that distort our thinking of others based on small differences, permits one to strengthen their preexisting knowledge or denounce it, and creates a path for new understanding of the world and people in it.

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In the baby video, there points to some evidence linking a biological basis for morality, that we are all born with an understanding of what is right and what is wrong. Particularly when we evaluate for things such as fairness (where we would have to believe everyone is born equal) and pain (harm and care factor). In this case, it seems that we are also born with inherent biases such as categorising people into groups based on similarities and differences with us, and that we often exaggerate these differences simply based on the fact that we belong to an opposing group. Challenging these biases will allow us to evaluate people not based on the differences they might not be able to control but on the basis of their character. This distinction is important because often we judge people for things out of their control while we should be judging them on their actions. Nurturing these contrasting perspectives allows us to be more open-minded and empathize rather than close ourselves off to (many times), the opinions of people with these physical differences. The truth of the circumstance in this case, is whether those differences mean that we should be ignoring their opinions on a matter or their side of the story in general. Using reason developed through the natural sciences (biology, neurology) we can then conclude something that is factual rather than opinionated.

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Bias: In this case the biases are present against people with visible physical differences on the fact that we have biases present in all of us based on differences in general which make it difficult to evaluate what another might say if we consider them "different" from us.
Truth: The truth is objective and found by studying the relationships in the world. In this situation the truth is that we all have biases present that distort and challenge the way we think about others and the truth is also, that even with theses differences they are still equal to us.

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This RLS has impacted the way I view many people later on in life. I was and still am mesmerized by that man's strength of character because in his age witnessing the horrors he had, he admitted that even confronted with the man who had ordered so many atrocities,  he would not despise him.

Emotion in this case is such an important way of knowing because it’s the basis of empathy. In this situation where he is being threatened on the basis of his faith he continues to stand strong against the opposing viewpoint because he believes his life is worth the exact same as somebody with a different faith. This is based on the moral understanding that we are all equal regardless of the faith we believe in or the lifestyle we lead. Furthermore the reason he does not lock himself away in hate is because he has seen firsthand the way hate has driven somebody else to commit such horrible crimes and he does not want to lower himself to their level. This man understands that hate and violence cannot be fought with hate and violence because it will only become a never ending cycle. This emotional understanding has then helped determine and reaffirm his own beliefs in not holding and grudge and continuing to practice his faith.

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knoAs someone who in contrast, does not believe in any religious system this faith astounded me in how much it influenced the lives of the people. This knowledge of their lifestyle came from their faith, their entire lives, up from birth until the day they died was rooted in this faith. In this specific situation, this valuable insight into the way faith plays a role in culture and the human condition reveals that Norse mythology is based constantly in the root of battle and victory. Therefore, the vikings would model their lives around that and found pleasure and enjoyment in a warriors lifestyle. The knowledge of the power and influence faith and religion have over others is a key fundamental in the modern world, where millions of people practice different religions everyday.

In contrast, others who do not defer to faith will instead focus on the natural sciences to provide explanations and comfort for the happenings of the world and the way people are. However, in developing and listening to these other perspectives that contrast my own, I find valuable insight into exploring the certainty of a single perspective and dangers of the bias (such as confirmation bias) that cage it from exploring other interpretations of the world around it.

WOK:Faith
AOK: Religious knowledge systems

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Justification: We justify our different interpretation of the worlds through ways of knowledge which in this circumstance is based on faith. We justify why we think that all lives have worth or why some lives are worthless through the use of religion dogma or emotion to draw parallels in the human condition.
Certainty: We are certain of the beliefs we hold because they have either been justified countless times or legitimized by an authority figure which makes the general populace give their support and believe in it. For example, Hitler was certain of his beliefs because the Jews were still prospering after Germany had been dealt such a defeat in WWI and from all other historical accounts that negatively viewed the Jewish people and. His antisemitic ideas were only strengthen when he continued to urge them again the vulnerable German population and it became a certainty.

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Belief: Religions and faith are forms of beliefs that in this RLS and claim create their own interpretations on the occurrences of the world and how people should act. In Vikings, people should live a honourable and warrior life while in my opinion people should live the way they want to believing in whichever, if any faith.
Certainty and Truth: Depending on the beliefs and values we hold, we are each certain of a single truth in our lives. For some, the truth can mean the way one lives or even their own beliefs but what so important in this meaning of truth is that by nurturing different perspectives you learn different cultures have different truths that center on the values in their lives. In Vikings the truth in believing the existence of their gods meant they had to act in a way befitting of their gods' judgement and continuously do things to appease them.