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Back pain is pain felt in the back. It is divided into neck pain (cervical), middle back pain (thoracic), lower back pain (lumbar) or coccydynia (tailbone or sacral pain) based on the segment affected.[1] The lumbar area is the most common area for pain, as it supports most of the weight in the upper body.[2] Episodes of back pain may be acute, sub-acute, or chronic depending on the duration. The pain may be characterized as a dull ache, shooting or piercing pain, or a burning sensation. Discomfort can radiate into the arms and hands as well as the legs or feet, and may include numbness,[1] or weakness in the legs and arms.

Back pain can originate from the muscles, nerves, bones, joints or other structures in the spine. Internal structures such as the gallbladder, pancreas, aorta, and kidneys may also cause referred pain in the back.

Back pain is common, with about nine out of ten adults experiencing it at some point in their life, and five out of ten working adults having it every year.[3] Some estimate up to 95% of Americans will experience back pain at some point in their lifetime.[2]It is the most common cause of chronic pain, and is a major contributor of missed work and disability.[2] However, it is rare for back pain to be permanently disabling. In most cases of herniated disks and stenosis, rest, injections or surgery have similar general pain resolution outcomes on average after one year. In the United States, acute low back pain is the fifth most common reason for physician visits and causes 40% of missed days off work.[4] Additionally, it is the single leading cause of disability worldwide.[5]

Classification

Back pain may be classified by various methods to aid its diagnosis and management. The duration of back pain is considered in three categories, following the expected pattern of healing of connective tissue. Acute pain lasts up to 12 weeks, subacute pain refers to the second half of the acute period (6 to 12 weeks), and chronic pain is pain which persists beyond 12 weeks.[6]

In as many as 85% of cases, no physiological cause can be found.[7]

There are many causes of back pain, including blood vessels, internal organs, infections, mechanical, and autoimmune causes.[8]The spinal cord, nerve roots, vertebral column, and muscles around the spine can all be sources of back pain.[8] The anterior ligaments of the intervertebral disc are extremely sensitive, and even the slightest injury can cause significant pain.[9] In osteoporosis, the bones become weaker and can develop small cracks, or fractures, in the bones, resulting in pain.[10] Arthritis in the joints of the back can also result in discomfort.[10] The synovial joints of the spine (e.g. zygapophysial joints/facet joints) have been identified as the primary source of the pain in approximately one third of people with chronic low back pain, and in most people with neck pain following whiplash.[11]

Approximately 98 percent of people with back pain are diagnosed with nonspecific acute back pain in which there is no serious underlying pathology.[12] Less than 2 percent are attributed to secondary factors, with metastatic cancers and serious infections, such as spinal osteomyelitis and epidural abscesses, accounting for around 1 percent.[13]

Back pain can be divided into non-radicular pain and radiculopathy. Radiculopathy occurs when there is irritation in the nerve root, causing neurologic symptoms, such as numbness and tingling. Disk herniation and foraminal stenosis are the most common causes of radiculopathy.[8] Non-radicular back pain is most commonly caused by injury to the spinal muscles or ligaments, degenerative spinal disease, or a herniated disk.[8] Spondylosis, or spinal degeneration, occurs when the intervertebral disc undergoes degenerative changes, causing the disc to fail at cushioning the vertebrae. The space between the vertebrae becomes more narrow, resulting in compression and irritation of the nerves.[14]

Back pain can also be due to referred pain from another source. Referred pain occurs when pain is felt at a location different from the source of the pain. An abdominal aortic aneurysmand ureteral colic can both result in pain felt in the back.[8]

Another possible cause of chronic back pain in people with otherwise normal scans is central sensitization, where an initial injury or infection causes a longer-lasting state of heightened sensitivity to pain. This persistent state maintains pain even after the initial injury has healed.[15] Treatment of sensitization typically involves low doses of anti-depressants.[16]

Risk factors

Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and lack of exercise can increase a person's risk of back pain.[2] People who smoke are more likely to experience back pain than others.[17] Poor posture and weight gain in pregnancy are also risk factors for back pain. In general, fatigue can worsen pain.[2]

A few studies suggest that psychosocial factors such as on-the-job stress and dysfunctional family relationships may correlate more closely with back pain than structural abnormalities revealed in X-rays and other medical imaging scans.[18][19][20][21]

In most cases of low back pain, medical consensus advises not seeking an exact diagnosis but instead beginning to treat the pain.[22] This assumes that there is no reason to expect that the person has an underlying problem.[22] In most cases, the pain goes away naturally after a few weeks.[22] Typically, people who do seek diagnosis through imaging are not likely to have a better outcome than those who wait for the condition to resolve.[22]

Laboratory testing may include white blood cell (WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP).[8]

Elevated ESR could indicate infection, malignancy, chronic disease, inflammation, trauma, or tissue ischemia.[8]

Elevated CRP levels are associated with infection.[8]

Imaging is not typically needed in the initial diagnosis or treatment of back pain. However, if there are certain "red flag" symptoms present plain radiographs (x-ray), CT scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be recommended. These red flags include:[23][8]

History of cancer

Unexplained weight loss

Immunosuppression

Urinary infection

Intravenous drug use

Prolonged use of corticosteroids

Back pain not improved with conservative management

History of significant trauma

Minor fall or heavy lift in a potentially osteoporotic or elderly individual

Acute onset of urinary retention, overflow incontinence, loss of anal sphincter tone, or fecal incontinence

Saddle anesthesia

Global or progressive motor weakness in the lower limbs

Prevention

There is moderate quality evidence that suggests the combination of education and exercise may reduce an individual's risk of developing an episode of low back pain.[24] Lesser quality evidence points to exercise alone as a possible deterrent to the risk of the onset of this condition.[24]

Management

The management goals when treating back pain are to achieve maximal reduction in pain intensity as rapidly as possible, to restore the individual's ability to function in everyday activities, to help the patient cope with residual pain, to assess for side-effects of therapy, and to facilitate the patient's passage through the legal and socioeconomic impediments to recovery. For many, the goal is to keep the pain to a manageable level to progress with rehabilitation, which then can lead to long-term pain relief. Also, for some people the goal is to use non-surgical therapies to manage the pain and avoid major surgery, while for others surgery may be the quickest way to feel better.[25]

Not all treatments work for all conditions or for all individuals with the same condition, and many find that they need to try several treatment options to determine what works best for them. The present stage of the condition (acute or chronic) is also a determining factor in the choice of treatment. Only a minority of people with back pain (most estimates are 1% - 10%) require surgery.

Non medical

Back pain is generally treated with non-pharmacological therapy first, as it typically resolves without the use of medication. Superficial heat and massage, acupuncture, and spinal manipulation therapy may be recommended.[26]

Heat therapy is useful for back spasms or other conditions. A review concluded that heat therapy can reduce symptoms of acute and sub-acute low-back pain.[27]

Regular activity and gentle stretching exercises is encouraged in uncomplicated back pain, and is associated with better long-term outcomes.[8] Physical therapy to strengthen the muscles in the abdomen and around the spine may also be recommended.[28] These exercises are associated with better patient satisfaction, although it has not been shown to provide functional improvement.[8] However, one study found that exercise is effective for chronic back pain, but not for acute pain. If used, they should be performed under supervision of a licensed health professional.[29]

Massage therapy may give short-term pain relief, but not functional improvement, for those with acute lower back pain.[30]It may also give short-term pain relief and functional improvement for those with long-term (chronic) and sub-acute lower pack pain, but this benefit does not appear to be sustained after 6 months of treatment.[30] There does not appear to be any serious adverse effects associated with massage.[30]

Acupuncture may provide some relief for back pain. However, further research with stronger evidence needs to be done.[31]

Spinal manipulation is a widely-used method of treating back pain, although there is no evidence of long-term benefits.[28]

"Back school" is an intervention that consists of both education and physical exercises.[32] A 2016 Cochrane review found the evidence concerning back school to be very low quality and was not able to make generalizations as to whether back school is effective or not.[32]

Medication

If non-pharmacological measures are not effective, medications may be tried.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are typically tried first.[26] NSAIDs have been shown to be more effective than placebo, and are usually more effective than paracetamol (acetaminophen).[33]

In severe back pain not relieved by NSAIDs or acetaminophen, opioids may be used. However, long-term use of opioids has not been proven to be effective at treating back pain.[34] Opioids have not always been shown to be better than placebo for chronic back pain when the risks and benefits are considered.[35]

Skeletal muscle relaxers may also be used.[26] Their short term use has been shown to be effective in the relief of acute back pain.[36] However, the evidence of this effect has been disputed, and these medications do have negative side-effects.[34]

In people with nerve root pain and acute radiculopathy, there is evidence that a single dose of steroids, such as dexamethasone, may provide pain relief.[8]

Epidural corticosteroid injection (ESI) is a procedure in which steroid medications are injected into the epidural space. The steroid medications reduce inflammation and thus decrease pain and improve function.[37] ESI has long been used to both diagnose and treat back pain, although recent studies have shown a lack of efficacy in treating low back pain.[38]

Surgery for back pain is typically used as a last resort, when serious neurological deficit is evident.[28] A 2009 systematic review of back surgery studies found that, for certain diagnoses, surgery is moderately better than other common treatments, but the benefits of surgery often decline in the long term.[39]

Surgery may sometimes be appropriate for people with severe myelopathy or cauda equina syndrome.[28] Causes of neurological deficits can include spinal disc herniation, spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease, tumor, infection, and spinal hematomas, all of which can impinge on the nerve roots around the spinal cord.[28] There are multiple surgical options to treat back pain, and these options vary depending on the cause of the pain.

When a herniated disc is compressing the nerve roots, hemi- or partial- laminectomy or discectomy may be performed, in which the material compressing on the nerve is removed.[28] A mutli-level laminectomy can be done to widen the spinal canal in the case of spinal stenosis. A foraminotomy or foraminectomy may also be necessary, if the vertebrae are causing significant nerve root compression.[28] A discectomy is performed when the intervertebral disc has herniated or torn. It involves removing the protruding disc, either a portion of it or all of it, that is placing pressure on the nerve root.[40] Total disc replacement can also be performed, in which the source of the pain (the damaged disc) is removed and replaced, while maintaining spinal mobility.[41]When an entire disc is removed (as in discectomy), or when the vertebrae are unstable, spinal fusion surgery may be performed. Spinal fusion is a procedure in which bone grafts and metal hardware is used to fix together two or more vertebrae, thus preventing the bones of the spinal column from compressing on the spinal cord or nerve roots.[42]

If infection, such as a spinal epidural abscess, is the source of the back pain, surgery may be indicated when a trial of antibiotics is ineffective.[28] Surgical evacuation of spinal hematoma can also be attempted, if the blood products fail to break down on their own.[28]

About 50% of women experience low back pain during pregnancy.[43] Some studies have suggested women who have experienced back pain before pregnancy are at a higher risk of having back pain during pregnancy.[44] It may be severe enough to cause significant pain and disability in up to a third of pregnant women.[45][46] Back pain typically begins at around 18 weeks gestation, and peaks between 24 and 36 weeks gestation.[46] Approximately 16% of women who experienced back pain during pregnancy report continued back pain years after pregnancy, indicating those with significant back pain are at greater risk of back pain following pregnancy.[45][46]

Biomechanical factors of pregnancy shown to be associated with back pain include increased curvature of the lower back, or lumbar lordosis, to support the added weight on the abdomen.[46] Also, a hormone called relaxin is released during pregnancy that softens the structural tissues in the pelvis and lower back to prepare for vaginal delivery. This softening and increased flexibility of the ligaments and joints in the lower back can result in pain.[46] Back pain in pregnancy is often accompanied by radicular symptoms, suggested to be caused by the fetus pressing on the sacral plexus and lumbar plexus in the pelvis.[46][44]

Typical factors aggravating the back pain of pregnancy include standing, sitting, forward bending, lifting, and walking. Back pain in pregnancy may also be characterized by pain radiating into the thigh and buttocks, night-time pain severe enough to wake the patient, pain that is increased during the night-time, or pain that is increased during the day-time.[45]

Local heat, acetaminophen (paracetamol), and massage can be used to help relieve the pain. Avoiding standing for prolonged periods of time is also suggested.[47]

Although back pain is does not typically cause permanent disability, it is a significant contributor to physician visits and missed work days in the United States, and is the single leading cause of disability worldwide.[4][5] The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons report approximately 12 million visits to doctor's offices each year are due to back pain.[2] Missed work and disability related to low back pain costs over $50 billion each year in the United States.[2] In the United Kingdom in 1998, approximately £1.6 billion per year was spent on expenses related to disability from back pain.[2]

References

1. "Paresthesia Definition and Origin". dictionary.com.

2. ^ Church E, Odle T. Diagnosis and treatment of back pain. a Radiologic Technology [serial online]. November 2007;79(2):126-204. Available from: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed December 12, 2017. b c d e f g h

3. ^ A.T. Patel, A.A. Ogle. "Diagnosis and Management of Acute Low Back Pain". American Academy of Family Physicians. Retrieved March 12, 2007.

4. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. "2010 Global Burden of Disease Study"

5. ^ a Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice. Walls, Ron M.,, Hockberger, Robert S.,, Gausche-Hill, Marianne, (Ninth ed.). Philadelphia, PA. ISBN 9780323354790. OCLC 989157341. b c d e f g h i j k l

6. Ferri, F. F. (2018). Patient Teaching Guides. In Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-28049-5

7. ^ "Back Pain". Archived from the original on May 6, 2011.

8. Lavelle, W. F., Kitab, S. A., Ramakrishnan, R., & Benzel, E. C. (2017). Anatomy of Nerve Root Compression, Nerve Root Tethering, and Spinal Instability. In ^ Benzel's Spine Surgery (4th ed., pp. 200-205). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-40030-5

9. ^ Woolf, Clifford J (2011-03-01). "Central sensitization: Implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain". 3268359 Pain. 152 (3 Suppl): S2-15. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.030. ISSN 0304-3959. PMC . PMID 20961685.

10. ^ * a Consumer Reports; American College of Physicians; Annals of Internal Medicine (April 2012), "Imaging tests for lower-back pain: Why you probably don't need them." (PDF), High Value Care, Consumer Reports b c d

American College of Physicians (September 2013), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American College of Physicians

National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care (May 2009), Low back pain: early management of persistent non-specific low back pain, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care (January 13, 2011), "ACR Appropriateness Criteria low back pain", Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, American College of Radiology

Chou R, Qaseem A, Snow V, Casey D, Cross JT, Shekelle P, Owens DK (October 2007). "Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society". Annals of Internal Medicine. 147 (7): 478-91. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006. PMID 17909209.

"Low Back Pain". Occupational medicine practice guidelines : evaluation and management of common health. [S.l.]: Acoem. 2011. ISBN 978-0-615-45228-9.

11. ^ Patel ND, Broderick DF, Burns J, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria Low Back Pain. Available at https://acsearch.acr.org/docs/69483/Narrative/. American College of Radiology. Accessed Dec 12, 2017.

12. ^ Baron, R; Binder, A; Attal, N; Casale, R; Dickenson, AH; Treede, RD (July 2016). "Neuropathic low back pain in clinical practice". 5069616 European Journal of Pain. 20 (6): 861-73. doi:10.1002/ejp.838. PMC . PMID 26935254.

13. ^ a b c

14. ^ a Wall and Melzack's textbook of pain. McMahon, S. B. (Stephen B.) (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. 2013. ISBN 9780702040597. OCLC 841325533. b c d e f g h i

15. ^ a Furlan, Andrea D.; Giraldo, Mario; Baskwill, Amanda; Irvin, Emma; Imamura, Marta (2015-09-01). "Massage for low-back pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (9): CD001929. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001929.pub3. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 26329399. b c

16. Sudhir, Amita; Perina, Debra (2018). Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. ClinicalKey: Elsevier, Inc. pp. 569-576.

17. ^ "Surgery For Back Pain".

18. ^ Burke, G.L., "Backache from Occiput to Coccyx" Chapter 9

19. High risk pregnancy : management options. James, D. K. (David K.), Steer, Philip J. (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier. 2011. ISBN 9781416059080. OCLC 727346377.

20. ^ a b c

21. ^ a Practical management of pain. Benzon, Honorio T.,, Rathmell, James P.,, Wu, Christopher L.,, Turk, Dennis C.,, Argoff, Charles E.,, Hurley, Robert W., (Fifth ed.). Philadelphia, PA. ISBN 9780323083409. OCLC 859537559. b c d e f

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Back pain is pain felt in the back. It is divided into neck pain (cervical), middle back pain (thoracic), lower back pain (lumbar) or coccydynia (tailbone or sacral pain) based on the segment affected.[1] The lumbar area is the most common area for pain, as it supports most of the weight in the upper body.[2] Episodes of back pain may be acute, sub-acute, or chronic depending on the duration.

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To achieve this vision, we’ve started by building the next generation of the graphing calculator. Using our powerful and blazingly-fast math engine, the calculator can instantly plot any equation, from lines and parabolas up through derivatives and Fourier series. Data tables open up a world of curve-fitting and modeling. Sliders make it a breeze to demonstrate function transformations. As browser-based html5 technology, the graphing calculator works on any computer or tablet without requiring any downloads. It's intuitive, beautiful math. And best of all: it's completely free.

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Your Paperless Classroom Hero Kami is the online PDF and Document app for your classroom. Sign Up Watch: Ben Sondgeroth Instructor at Edtech Teacher, who is also a Former Director of Technology and Teacher talk about why he loves Kami . Teachers enrich student learning by viewing online educational resources like e-books, publisher-supplied PDFs, worksheets, and more on Kami.

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Services provided by Glogster.com have been temporarily disabled for operational reasons. We are in the process of disabling all recurring payments, but we do recommend that you contact your bank or credit card company directly to halt them.

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Math Resources and Technology Tools for Teachers

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Find the best math resources and math technology tools for teachers. All of our resource lists are created and curated by teachers, for teachers.

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Science Resources and Technology Tools for Teachers

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Find the best science resources and technology tools for teachers. All classroom science resources are reviewed and selected by teachers, for teachers.

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50 Education Technology Tools Every Teacher Should Know About - Edudemic

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50 Education Technology Tools Every Teacher Should Know About - Edudemic

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Most of us are working at full capacity, and keeping up with technology can feel like one more chore on the to-do list. Still, learning your way around a few of the best Web tools is worth your time. Innovative teachers are frequently using intuitive programs and websites that are easy to learn. These web tool can save you a lot of daily hassles that you might not even realize you have been tolerating. Whether you want to move the class newsletter online or try out a flipped classroom, we're sharing the best sites to do it.

Sharing and Collaborating

The Internet was invented to foster communication. Teachers have long had the option of creating a website or providing lists of online resources, but all of this has become much simpler in the past few years. No need to learn any coding. And students have it even easier. The plethora of free document programs means that they can start an assignment - even a group project - at school and continue it at home or the local library. No doubt they will still find excuses not to finish their homework. They don't know how good they have it.

First of all, you never have to hit "save" in Google Docs. It records all of your changes in real time. Enough said? Via sharing, multiple people can work in a document at the same time, making collaboration simple. Google Docs links to a Gmail account, so students can easily move from school to home to library while still being able to access their work.

Whether you want to send a quiz to your students or organize a field trip, Google forms can help you distribute and gather information. If you have a digital classroom, use the site to ask students how the previous night's homework went or to learn which lessons they have most enjoyed. Even introverted kids should be able to provide online feedback.

Create a class website or blog on this free, easy-to-use site. Teachers of younger students can keep parents informed of class activities and upcoming events. Teachers of older students can link to interesting websites, launch online discussions, and post study guides. Some teachers foster writing and technology skills by requiring each student to write a blog post.

Set up blogs here for yourself or your students, and you can control the safety settings. This is an easy way to get students writing more without the formality of an essay or research paper.

This is a great place for group or classroom projects because multiple users can edit documents. Or, use it to build an educational wiki full of quality websites and reference materials for your students.

Classroom Innovation

If you have even a slight interest in trying a flipped classroom or differentiated instruction, these sites deserve a look. Some of the best teachers and schools in the country are providing free material online. Use these sites to supplement your own lessons, to help students prepare for tests, and to let accelerated students branch out. If you'd rather be in charge of the content your students see, you can easily create your own online lessons.

This site has helped revolutionize education. Students can watch video lessons and test their knowledge, progressing at their own pace, and you can use the site to keep track of your students' progress. Use this tool to differentiate instruction or to flip your classroom. It's also a great way for students to review material ahead of tests.

Some of the best universities in the world collaborated to create this OpenCourseWare site. There's a high school section that is packed with videos to help for AP test preparation. Many of the courses on the main site are geared toward college graduates or those in college, but there's plenty that could catch the eye of a high school student. This would be a good tool for students to test their interest in a college major.

MIT designed this site for high school students. Some of the material comes from college courses, and some was created specifically for high schoolers. Students can watch videos and comb through test preparation material. Try out a flipped classroom, or push your accelerated students further. All core subjects are covered, but as you would expect, the science and math are standouts.

This site makes the flipped classroom option look possible - even easy. TED-Ed has thousands of lessons that you can customize with your own questions and resources. If you want to start from scratch, you can upload your own video to YouTube and then use TED-Ed to add written material.

This site has many of the same features as Facebook and Twitter but is designed specifically for education. You can gather materials for your class, connect with other teachers, and organize groups of students for collaborative learning. Students can ask questions of you or their peers.

Organization and Planning

When you're gathering resources from so many different places, it can be a challenge to keep everything organized. You might have bookmarked resources on the laptop that you leave at home or hard copies of student contact information that you keep at school. Fortunately, an assortment of Web tools are waiting to help you keep everything straight. These sites allow you to move seamlessly between devices, and the basic services are free. In addition to the sites below, many of those listed above, such as Google Docs and Edmodo, can help with organization.

Ideas and inspiration often come at you quickly. Evernote allows you to keep photos, recordings, and notes in one place, so it's especially useful at conferences and lectures. You can record a lot of material and return to it later. It's also handy when you have a substitute. Keep your lesson plans and worksheets in Evernote, and pass off the appropriate folder to the sub.

Install DropBox on your tablet, smart phone, or laptop, and you will be able to access your files wherever you are. This is also a great tool for students who are working on different computers at school and at home.

Teacher Development

Even teachers who have been out of college only a few years might feel as though they have fallen behind. Is the Common Core on its way in or on its way out? How does self-paced learning work? And how does all of this information apply to you and your students? Websites are making it possible to keep up with shifts in education without you having to go back to school. Read the latest research, participate in live chats, and take online workshops. And if these sites don't quench your thirst for knowledge, then you can head back to school.

Forward-thinking teachers will find a wealth of resources here to support their biggest plans. Browse articles and videos from experts on blended learning, flipped classrooms, differentiated instruction, and more. Check the discussion board for answers to your toughest questions.

Glean some of the insights without the tuition bill. Watch streaming talks and read articles from the leading thinkers in education. The Usable Knowledge section is full of interesting research and is easily searchable.

Hundreds of videos offer teaching tips on topics both large and small. Use the Q&A section to get ideas from your fellow teachers. The blog provides insight on topics such as integrating material from different subjects and maintaining a supportive classroom throughout the year.

Scaffolding works for teachers, too

The sites here make a great base for including more technology in your teaching. New education websites seem to pop up constantly, but once you've incorporated a few solid tools, exploring new programs will feel less daunting. And you'll be able to provide wise guidance to kids who will be leading online lives.
Editor's Note: This article is a revision and combination of several older Edudemic articles, updated and re-analyzed to reflect the latest innovations.

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The Best Interactive Web Tools for Educators

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Most of us are working at full capacity, and keeping up with technology can feel like one more chore on the to-do list. Still, learning your way around a few of the best Web tools is worth your time. Innovative teachers are frequently using intuitive programs and websites that are easy to learn.

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http://www.opencurriculum.org/

Teacher-curated and Common Core standards-aligned sets of high-quality lessons, activities and assessments

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scrible | smarter online research - annotate, organize & collaborate on web pages

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scrible | smarter online research - annotate, organize & collaborate on web pages

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Modern research platform for school and work

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Prezi is a virtual whiteboard that transforms presentations from monologues into conversations: enabling people to see, understand, and remember ideas.

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Open Canvas

Create, organize, and move freely on an open canvas. Create seamless presentations without the restrictions of linear slides.

Ready-made asset libraries

Choose from millions of images, stickers, GIFs, and icons from Unsplash and Giphy.

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Presentations and videos with engaging visuals for hybrid teams | Prezi Present

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Welcome to Prezi, the presentation software that uses motion, zoom, and spatial relationships to bring your ideas to life and make you a great presenter.

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Collaborative virtual coarkboard

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lino is an online web sticky note service that can be used to post memos, to-do lists, ideas, and photos anywhere on an online web canvas. lino is a completely free service that runs on all popular web browsers.

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Why Khan Academy works

Personalized learning

Students practice at their own pace, first filling in gaps in their understanding and then accelerating their learning.

Trusted content

Created by experts, Khan Academy's library of trusted, standards-aligned practice and lessons covers math K-12 through early college, grammar, science, history, AP®, SAT®, and more. It's all free for learners and teachers.

Tools to empower teachers

With Khan Academy, teachers can identify gaps in their students' understanding, tailor instruction, and meet the needs of every student.

DISTRICTS

Khan Academy boosts
student learning

In a recent study, students were over twice as likely to meet grade-level standards with Khan Academy. Districts across the country are partnering with us to ensure all their students succeed.

TEACHERS

"I'm finally able to truly differentiate my classroom. This has been priceless for my students' engagement."

DUSTIN FAUTH / 4th grade teacher / Falmouth, MA

We empower teachers to support their entire classroom. 90% of US teachers who have used Khan Academy have found us effective.

LEARNERS AND STUDENTS

You can learn anything.

Build a deep, rock-solid understanding in math, grammar, science, history, SAT®, AP®, and more.

"I come from a poor family. At home it's one room, just a room we live in. When I was a child, I used to fear mathematics. But now, I am in love with mathematics because of Khan Academy."

TOGETHER WE CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE

Every child deserves the chance to learn.

Across the globe, 617 million children are missing basic math and reading skills. We're a nonprofit delivering the education they need, and we need your help. You can change the course of a child's life.

Key supporters

Supporters of our COVID-19 response

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Khan Academy | Free Online Courses, Lessons & Practice

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Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.

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Brilliant | Build Your Problem Solving Skills

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Brilliant | Build Your Problem Solving Skills

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Brilliant - Build quantitative skills in math, science, and computer science with hands-on, interactive lessons.

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Free Online Textbooks, Flashcards, Practice, Real World Examples, Simulations | CK-12 Foundation

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Free Online Textbooks, Flashcards, Practice, Real World Examples, Simulations | CK-12 Foundation