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Explain how an invention moves from an idea to a product. Use a story from the main text (Girls Think of Everything) and at least two of the primary sources found here to support your ideas in writing.

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Alexander Graham Bell: Telephone (News Article)

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Alexander Graham Bell: Telephone (News Article)

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March 31, 1877

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Newspaper Page Text

THE TELEPHONE.
SPEECH AND MUSIC BY TKLF.ilUAril.
flU 00 -i HMT T.MK1N?; BY WIRK?V? H Y AND HOW
THF. SITAKIXG TBUNMtAM ??IT.RATI.S??FNDIMi
Mate TllllOl ?ill HI MAN FI.F.SH?TUB TW?) TKI.
RVHon; s. and THF MS1IBOTHM BB1WBBB TIH.M.
Ob MM of tho hottest ?lays of hint July the t?le
phoue made it* entry into gond eoeiety. BweHeitag
rrowil* bod for a month been el bow in ft ???eh other
beneath tbs flaaSIOOOJ ?if the l.'t ?it? niunl buildings
ao4ssahlngths ?biily Mesotatp that Philadelphie
was a h. t i ity. Ths lim-t opportunity the world
can i'Vi r niter t?test the virtues of blue glass was
then allow.d i<> pas? l?y without experiment. Any?
thing th..t ciihl have hioiIiIkmI Fairuionnt. BBOShiBS
woii'ni a! thai time have been heartily welcomed. A
goodly Boaahst of *< irntiti?* fsolIssBOo addedthob
p.uxpiriiig ?-lh>rts t?? t'nos/? of tho crowd. and nt
temptetl iiioiv minuto studies than the ordinary
stghtBBSte. ThstS was an immenao amount of hard
anil thon.ngli wi-iit?tip work done at Philadelphia
la-st pear, <>i wbiea tin- sissy has neret jrel been
told. Among IM various lorins o? labor laid out for
the JodgBOof AwOVds there waa ?>n?- win? h in its
very nature reqaind kaowlodgO, training, patience,
care? t ''?1 uf ?let? rmiiiing tlio merits of the lastra
nieiits ot precision itml reiearch which were ?-xhib
itiil. It is not at all surprising that the gcnlh nien
who ha.1 this to ?lo fourni it no li^'lit undcrt?kiiig in
the ht-.it ?.ml iniriy of tboos -sMsomflsi r days. Cop*
tainly it was nut un cas, mottet te forin a cm n-c?
lodgment .-ibi.nt a doHeate scient iiie ?-uiiiiivBOOS
O l?le thirty thousand Auterican eJtissos were prj ing
nlei?t tlie pl.-ioc, .staling, pushing, ?u- worse still,
anhing <|in-stioii.s. Tim wnwt of selsnes ?wonted a
i|iiiet boor for their investigations, uinl tin y took it,
Oti the ?luv Of rest.
A T) LBPBOBB KINSKI..
Bo. on a Pi.lt i y Sunday morning, hotter nirnnling
to the ihegBBometer than any dop before it last year,
a bbbsJ] groop ?if geotleroea enter??! ths Main Build'
n . ml ita io-.i* il tbcmael-ree In ths gallery at ths
??si sod. I in- party difUed, i>tul half wool to each
mkl of the gallery, lln- greet orgaa was between,
and neither half of the party ooold hear or see ths
???her. Then Prof. A. Orahom B? U brought out ?us
telephone. Wires for telegraphing were laid along
ti '? gallery; a battery was ml al work, ?nui a oontin*
.'111? i um nt was seat ah ng the line. The stations
on this line were only two, ?meat esohendof the
I li * Ijr, At e.uli-latiini then* WOSBlittle, ordinary
alntirnmsgnrl. Boeh a* poopts ses usually ?.n ths
-.aii'.e in a small ti k graph efl-osi und are la g? neral
ianiili-ir with. Besots the mairie-; there was nothing
? xeopt n few fmmela. Them-were of diBerenl shapes,
but Ihep nirrt id in eooh ha-ring one end eorcred
?with stretched parclunent, like a drum head. On
Ihe conter of each of these dram-heads, outside, a
email plate of metal, c. wot cemented fast. Ths
?liagram hows a more elaborate form of t'? ? fnnucl,
??nt* thai is provide.1 with a movable ring or hoop
(below the letter A) which ?-an In- adjnsted by set
serewa, H. H. By these means the perchment, r. F,
3", ??ver the i *'il of ths fnnnel, can hs made I ?ghtei or
loossr. la tho earlier liages of liit* latent ion tlio
: uni:.-! was ii*s.-:l for rewiring m well as for .-< ?-tiding
i Hound. '1 In-iuRtruetions for n*y wen? Tl ty ?-implo.
' The - -l'iidei oi n mssBOgs was to tolkioto ono fnnnel;
i ' i.-, civt-r was to apply the other funnel to .'tis eer.
j-';;. h ?vas to hold his fnnnel so that the parchment
would bo opposite tbe poles of the electro-magnet,
itml v?*i ?-,- c'.-* to them ; j'*--' so thai ths little piece
??f metal, 0, monuted ou t'no parehment, should not
?vaut toooh the ?
1 III: WIB0 BPRAKS WITB H'.'M.W VOICK.
The Emperor o? Brasil, who had joined tbe party
l?y special l?Y?taiion, wasofiored the opportunity of
Seeding oft* In tho experiments, but be courteously
-va: ved the precedence. Among the Brsl to make
_ i **:.--?? i r beard and recognized through the win was
i'li-f. 1. B.Hilgtud, The friends of thai genial pro?
fessor will readily Imagine how hisoyea twinkled
?ehe pul i h a lu rni?.-I to his lips and ottered in it ths
?
"Dr. Draper! Dr. Draper I Do you hear me *
? . !*? t,. r was standing a1 the other end of the
ga ".- i j. In lding a fuanel to bis car.
" Wbyl" hecxelaiined, "That's Hilgard's Toice.
? by Ihe BCfcni."
i fact, peculiarities of aeosnt and Inflections of
-.'ne wore (.'?vcii at lees! quite a.*? plainly as -.1
lablea. The Scotch prononciation of Rix William
Thomson was recognised at once; I'i LV
monter of Ann Ai bor, carried
on a *? iy? isaiion with him. l'? f. Mor*
; Hoboken obtained a hoaxing without dif?ci ly?
.h. .ht ?- Prof. F. A. P. Barnard ??id. is mors than
-doubtful. There had been many dMerentop
among these experts aa to ths possibilities of tin In
:?t. Some of the professors thought it would
..?ity giro tones and intervals i if speech; one a ns quite
sore that it would foil with certain rowels; ?mother
nally certain that it would be tripped up by
. Nobody expected it todo what it actually
?ii'!?to give the whole sound ol v". ?? an I words
naturally. Wr William Thomson tested Lteorefnlly
so these potato. One ?d ths party took from his
;?oeki t a fRIBCBB ami read from it, into the funnel,
i-a |) it.iLfr??|?l)H. It was tin- POO? of the previous
Monday. Joae-0. Ths Dssaoerstle Coot? nti m was
shea in session at BCLoQls. Dneof the paragraphs
-??a*. Irma thS *-l. Louis ?lispatches of TBB TMBUMK,
and began, "8.8. Cos has ant-red.-* The sole ad?
"rerse eritteism of Bir William Thomson on this read?
ing eras thai he did not heat the " 8. s." distinctly.
Anotherperagraph whleh was plainly beard throagh
?mt, was from the Foreign Suuiuiary in the saine
paper, containing the words "ihe AmerieoBs la
?a'Uid'iii are impaling to eclebrah' the Fourth of
. nly." It is not nsoossaiy to repeat hare ths eom
?.?intents In |)oin I'etlrolhat BOM waltetl on thS wire,
mu Ins ainiii'le repMss. Haithm would it bs profita*
bl?. to report tlie chati which pOOSSd hstWOOB the
professore, em h a?;
"When you go homo you can tell o'fun on the
telephone.1"
"No more o" that, Hal! Already this thini? takes
m v breath away."
't may be hoped that the whole pnrty, aftt?r this
din into tho mysteries of nature, turned more
he n lily to tho-M' of religion and spent the alteruoou j
Lu church.
A TFI.Fl'IIONK CIHCl'IT.
Flow and why ?Iocs the ISSOBBOM traiisinit the
v gl Tlii? qii?siioii could ho answered at almost
anv 1? inith. If III?1 reader should winle into the liier
uti :<? of a? oustic and elei tiic ?li-covcry, lakifig such
ex. elleot i-'uiil?-- SB BolmhollaBad Far.nlay, he would
?robohty bs BB>ps-sed at its bsbobbI aad ?*xt?nt. He
woold ho likely also ta hud the waters v? r.v ?b-?p
ami ths bittoni somcwliat OBOSttalB, before he
r urinal dry land ami a clear theory of the t?de
phone. As to c?>nHtruction, l'rof. Bell's inst ruinent
is bimple enoiiith. In Hi? HagEM, a cuiitinu'iiis
tgom) "f eb-etri* ity is Biipposed to bo proceetling
along the wire, from one of the poks of the battery
f. thioimli the ??!? -ctio-iiiagnet BB, und the cup-like
it't.ivei 1) having? vibrating li?l). and iinally back
H de ko tbs athsc poll ti ths hattery. The metallic
r?n fiver 1) is saiil to bo mor? cfr.*<*tive than the
Stretched membrane; jua? Iinally it coiuhin.*s the
iiiiiin!, thememhcBBO, ami the slootro-magnet In a
giBglsOSO-rt-raBOe. It is <le.scrib?xl no being itsylf a
Bubular ele-ctio-iui-gu-ut ??>rmed of a single helix
t*
eiis-d in sott iron. '?'In- ltd is represented as only in
part secured at the edge, and il ia eapahle of vibra
tion, iM-iufffttlraeled or repelled when Rentrent i.
i' is-i! _? through the helix. The thickness of the lid
isnhout that ?if cartridge paper. In vibratini.it giVM
out sound, 'this part of the invent ion is attributed
to M. Nu les. and is 20 years old. In some recent
descriptions of I'rof. li ell's apparatus a thin metallic
disk is al-so referred to as having lieeii 11-ed for receiv?
ing the BSSUhjfl instead of a strati -hed membrane. The
tipper \? ire K, as ,-hown in the ?liainam, la h return
wire to complete the circuit. The return wire id
not needed where connect -inn with the earth can ho
made at the ends of the line, as it is in the ordiuary
practice of teh-Ki'iiphy..
. WHAT l?lf-M IN IHK Wll'.E.
When tho small piece ?if metal, G, fig. 1,
that is moitutcd on tho inemhrane A, is brought
near to the poles of the electro-magnet Ml,
there is a ,?'?,.,?,. pr?Hlneed in the strength
of the current which is all the timo pass?
ing along the lin?>. This can In- very easily proved.
BuppOM t'.iat at the point X .1 galvanometer is intro?
duced into tha circuit. The galvanometer is an in?
strument in shape like, a compass. The nMdls which
it carril?, turns from zero petal a certain nuinli-r
of degr?s, according to the strength of any electric
current passing throagh the liislmaninl Hence the
motion of the needle tr.itn the zero point ?neasare.-i
the strength o? the enmnt? Let us snppoM that tin?
eiirrenf. passing through the wire F., ia .snt'tieieiit to
turn the needle from 0 ' In .><> . Then when a pioM
t;f m- ta!, Bach .?-s the one luoiiutcd on the ii?eiiil?rune,
M iml'.'.l MUT hM "f SOft iron, is liloiiltht ch).-.-to
the pules of the electro-iniii.il ?t, or laid ii]m.h thein,
the needle of the K.'ilvaiioiii.tei inovcsat once, and
indicate, a (list urhain-e ol the Strength of Ihe cur?
rent. What thepiwa olaaetallatakan away from
the eleetro-roagnot, the gslvnnssnatnr again shows
a ehange In tha strength ot the entrant, bntttere
eording needle then move.?, in ga opposite direction.
Howls this explained 1 Well, there are several tho? i
? ni. - '.\lii.?!,, Mage to say, are mil lent':? iil.irly in
eonsteteal with aaeh other, lln* eurreal maybe
conci-iveil of as doing work, and hem:?' losing
Strength, when M has to pull at the piece of metal
!>:c- nted to tin- potee, it 'hen has less strength left
to show en tha gnlrnnoMoter. <m eonno tho poll is
liard.-r and the expenditure of strength in doing
work Is greater tbo nearer tbe Iren approaches the
poles. The oiiur half of (his explanation Is not m
simple. Electricians wonld say that when the iron
is lifted front the pol? sa revene cum ni is caused by
"iiiduciio'i." To explain all about "induction"
would require.m mneh of -tipac* and of pntioneo.
If the reader tak.-s kindly to the notion that tbe
Strength of the current may be deeicaaod by tbe
woik that it ?iocs when it attracts tbe metallie piece
(I, he can perhaps ateo 1 once ve thai Wlii n that piece
of metal is removed from the poles i certain portion
of the work doii" hy the ?-xp- nm-nl?-r's arm In re?
moving the metal may lm transmuted Into an addi?
tion to tne strength of tho oleetrk current in the
wire.
vt'Avrs IN A CT I'.I'.r.NT.
A very ronvenient phrase, indeed, is that which
eallsthepnasagaof oloetricitj a "enirent.*11 Bear?
ing in mind that it is rather a simile than s fact,
it wiH serve to pietnre_to the imiui whal happens
when the telephone is la op cation. Bopposc thai
the ciirr.-nt of etoctrioity is represented by a steady
stream issuing from s pipo, :v<\ rn iniag along
smoothly. At the point s the current strikes s
stone, ai.tl is to?*:-?? forth thrown luto waves. After
this, the outrent ilo-\ _ 01 era dam, T. If the dam ia
easily shaken, the wares ".??I communicate to il ri
bratione- and those vibrations will exactly corre?
spond to the wares. Applying thi? ooneeption to
Cet lephone, the approach of the metal (J ocea*
sions waves m the cloctrie enrrent-,nml r'i? -?? are
communicated bj the carreul toth? vibrating lid I?.
In an ex? e.-'liiii'ly m -i: -.u uve lecture n tew nights
ago on *h> Qrdmmeeloctrio li.ln, at Coopei !
tute, Dt.G. F.Barker made clear Faraday's rlew
of this subject. Ti.".-.- are rays of force extending
in ?-'-riiiin well-ascertained enrvM around ami to
Mme distance-torn th.e polreofams et, What
evcr eontiat Is or < ?.panda tbal field oi for? -', ciestoe
a current of electricity, or. where icn rent already
, strengthens or weakens it. And this, again,
is t 'i?* effect of Ihe approaob <-i Iron to tin- poles, or
its removal from them, as Dr. Barker proved to his
audience bj the Moillation of a ga .a IOmeter, the
image ol which \?..- magnified and thrown on s
screen by electric light. Bnl what act inlly takes
place In llio iron oi the 1:,: . :.? 1 ..".. I which tlie
current down, is a roarrnnaemenl of Im molecules.
Mr. Joule of -England has the credit of discovering,
many years ago, Hint the iron through which
an electric current Hows is.elongated during tbe
passage of the current. A scries of exact experi
menta by Prof.... M. Mayer, about live yens ago,
developed a large amonnl of curious data on this
subject. Among other things proved was the fact
thnt a length? niug occurs In an Iron rod around
whit h -1 current is passing : and thai the h 1 trote ing
the volume of the rod thus caused, is exactly equaled
by a reduction in volume?? shrinkage in thedinmeter
of the rod. Another point ascertained WM thai lbs
ehange In the dimensiona of meta) is practically in?
stantaneous j the whole ehange of len-,th produced
by a giren strengt- of eleetrieity is equally great
whellier the enmnt ia turned on vaiy slowly or all
ateneo, .lust soin the operation of the telephone,
the changes In tba strength of the enmnt musl bs
wholly pad instantly transmitted, no mutter what
maybetbeir number aad variety. Fnrthennora?
and this is s v.ry Mggestlve experiment?if the
metal (i on the nn-nihiane is infferad tn ret against
the magnetic poles, any Mauds sent will still be
beard, though faintly. They are reproduced hy the
molecular movements O. the non iis.lf.
wiivr THK si'i!-iir.M.i?-r Mrnir.ts missi-?.
In jsiiiit of fact the laM-ineiitioi.ed contrivance is
t'i some extent a reproduction el the earliest tele?
phone, invented hy a Qermaitr-Phtllp _.ei_a abuui
15 years ago, In thai telephone Um ribratkms of a
stretched nieiuhraii" in the sending instrument were
caiixd to make ami lue ik an elect 1 it- circuit. The
receiving Instamment was a single-Mil magnetin
elosiiiK an iron luir, ami WM mounted on a sounding
box. Music could he transmitted hy this telephone,
and further con!rivalices developed the sounds re?
ceived so that they could he heard in a large hall,
llul inly the sonad of 1 he notes? i. e? the pitch o? the
?raste?was transmitted. The not. s w.-rc all e.-iial
iu Strength and ??uality. A much greater MWeeM in
BSndhlg music hy electricity has heen latterly
achieved hy the telephone of Mr. Etteha (?ray cf
Chicago. The public has more or less confounded
the performances of this instrument with tho-o of
the one invented hy I'rof. Hell. Mr. Gray's tele?
phone was shewn at the Centennial Kxbibition, and
called forth inu-h interest uinftiii* the men*of science
who examined it. Its InadingfeatUTS is theiiseof
tuning-forks. A tuning-fork may lie so introduced
into a telegraphic circuit as to make and break the
circuit, riucli a fork, vibrating it. certain fixed num
her of timen per second, acoOfd-Bg to its special
pitch or musical note, will hreak and restore the
electric current an ?:t*ual niimher of timos per
second. Four years Ago Mr. Gray made B curious
discovery as to sonic means by which this intermit?
tent current can he ma?le audthle. If the believed
iu mesmerism and psychic force had known of
it in timo, they nui-ht have made much
capital for their th?orie? ?mt of that dis?
covery and the mystery that enshrouded the
performance. Mr. Gray had a violin v. it It a silver
plate set in the front of it. If the end of a wire over
which was sent un intermittent current such a? has
heen described was held in the hand, and the liiieers
of the same hand were lightly rubbed over the silver
plate, tho note of the tnniug-fork at the other end of
the line wu reproduced, and could bs distinctly
heard proceeding from the violin. A yet more curi?
ous result is attained if the violin is made to rotate
horizontally, or if there is substituted for it a re?
volving sounding box the front of which is covered
with n sheet of metal. The fingers of the hand
ho!.ling the telegraph wire are to be pressed against
the rotating metallic plato; then the faster tha
plats revolves, the louder is the reproduc?-?! sound,
it can be easily heard tlinmif'iout ft large halL
Then-is cviilently ft limit to tho lOB-BSSSSf the
sound, as with high sp?-?l the operator's fingers will
bs too hard nibbed. Why must tho human hand
intervene f If.an exhibitor at a spiritual seance
had shown that apparatus in 1H73 and asked that
question, the men of science could not have an?
swered him. He eonhl have triumphantly turned
his revolving i'uhllo and said with Hamlet?"Ay t
there's the rub!" Hut when .Mr. Oray took thiscon
trivanee with him to Kngland and got l'rof. Tyn
?liill's aid in experimenting upon it, another ?lis
roverv was ina?le which wholly ehfttiire?! the aspect.
It was shown that neither the human hand, not bv
inir nerve, nor vitality Itself was needful a? a medium
of communication. Prof. Tvndall reproduced the
musical sound when he substituted a piece of Bait
pork for the human hand!
Tine sotni.in?; nox PKCK.IVKR.
In Cray's, a? in BoIPs t-h phono, a coniiunons cur?
rent from a main battery is rcpiucd. The ?iray
Bending instrument is in outward sbaps a piano of
two octaves. Thotoaoto be transmitted must bo
played on the keys of this pinna. Booh key has its
?iv. n toning fork, and when a hey is depressed a part
of the electrie current thai travels through Mm-sola
lim isdirerted so ihat it gm s throogfa thai pariu-u
lai tantng fork. The met hanism l>y which the elec?
tric current is'thus switched ?m and ol the lino
by a touch to a piano key is somewhat complex,
ftiul its details would not be of interest to the
general reader. Tbs reeeivtflg instrument is an
electro-magnet,-! K,mounted by one of its soils
and a support. .1. upon ? BOOOdiag box, L. Tlio
prong Of ?i tuning fork. If, approaches very n? ?irly
but does not quite touch one pole of the magnet;
tin-huidle of the fork is ??ouiieclctl with tho other
pole through the rapport, J. When the appointas is
thus arranged, there must of BOOim h.* a separate
BOundiog box for every noto that the telephOBO
transmits.
capai'.ii.ii V Of Tin: MUflGAt TBUBBBAPM.
By using in the sending apparatus, inodditioa to
the main mm nt, a current fraoasnmBer, speeisl bat*
tern--, one im-t-.it h note, Mr. Oray has Bcbie-redo
further Improvement. By this toe intensity of ?i mu?
sic ?I note ?s given, as well as th.- note Itself. Chords
of two or three notes eon aim be transmitted. It
nill be seen that tbs receiving toning forkseteets
mil from the main current i be eleotrical impurs or
the making and breaking "f ths eurent, wbieb tot
respond to it? own vibration. Hence a receiving
11111111); fork will only sound when a sending tnning
fork of the same note or pitch is transmitting The
practical urn which is claimed for this is that by it
several meesagi s of the ordinal, Morse signals may
be sent from a cenir.il office over a tingle line, and
no ?me of them will bs repeated at any s;.?t:im
except t be on" for which each message is designed,
bs every station will have a receiving Instrument
that sounds to a different note from the oth? rs, and
the operator at the central office laps for each ?m u
different key, Although the current for the note or
pitch is intermittent, its pulsations are 10 rapid
(several hoixlred in a second) that for telegraphing
purposes ii m.-y lie n -?".?.l".! ,is,*i co itinuouscurrent.
The Mmse signals make and break this latermil lent
cm lent j!i>t m they woold so ordinary one. Ths
receiving operator beam tbe message iu tbe maks
snd break ol Morse signals from his sounding box.
In one of the more recent d< igo foi bis telephone,
Mr. Oray pr poses t>> pul a diaphragm at membrane
in front "I theopnnin roi tli ? ? Sliding box I i catch
the vibrations and communicate them to o printing
machiuc, which in tnrn will print the message In
Moi ?. signals or telegraphic tape.
\ t 'VI-.in-.-**. Of I 111 PBOBBS.
It will be seen that the difference between the e
t 'lephones la rery great. 'I'm* tir.iv telephone
ea by means of tuiii'itr forks, and the signals
are *? ?ii by b make-and-break system, as t?l?graphie
signals usually are. In the Bell telephone the cur?
rent is not "shnuted" or switched; there is nothing
done mi the make-and-break ystom eitberasto
vibrations or sig?ela; and dually, tbe vibrations
are tbe signals. Prom these radical differences it
results nlso thai the Gray telephone can only trans?
mit two of tbs three characteristics of musical
??'iiiinl ; i.e., pitch and lot -nslty, bul nol quality. Bo
long as tho vibration must be transmitted through
tnning forks, the Gray telephone can never trans
mil what II. li.limit,-, has called the "overtones."
; h< ?? are Breaker harmonie notes which accompany
i n- primary tone ami differ for each musical In?
strument ; tin-, make the variety to our earn- of
quality of sound hy which we distinguish, for in*
. he? wet n the notes uf a Bute and of a \ iolin.
Them overtones are not given by tuning forks, and
? souot he. On the other hand, no matter what may
l?e tbe bight. 1 ngth, or frequency oi the sound wov? ?
t!;.. strike l'o- stretched membrane i:? tbe Ben tclu
phoue, tbeirexaet counterpart in ribratlon eon be
reproduced at-tln* other end of the line. Bol at best
tbe vibrations m Prof. Bell's device can only sflect
B port of ihe current ; they may be essentially
feeble, compared with signals on a make-ond-break
system? If recent seeonnts are to he trusted, this
defi ol has been measurably o? Breams by the ass of a
;itranu'erele-tro-niai-'net. iVrhnps theliarmotiy which
both Inventors are desirous of ms itertng may extend
from sound to sense, and t be t wo telephones may soms
day work literally in eooeort When that Is done it
may be practicable to sel up a sound-hoard behind an
orchestra and telegraph its whole performonee to a
distant city, Mranwblle tbe public will have plenty
of tune to form an opinion on the comparative BSeritS
of tin- instruments, ano to recover from the present
confusion of ideas which wm m admirably exempli?
fied at Philadelphia by inquiries made in the Main
liiiiltlmg for -'tlio talkiug-machiue of lk-llham
Gray." _
JUDGE RUSSRLVS RETUBM.
HE OOE6 TO Wasiiim.Ii.V ?HIS DIPIDMACT AT
YENKZtEI.A.
Kx-Jtulge TlionuiH BiumI] of Massachusetts,
Mililsler Ilesiilent al ?'araras, \,BMSOI la, .-line 1*71,
Whewm rsesotly r?*i* ill.d l..v t?*lci*ruph, arrived in tins
iity on Thuriiil.iy, after a stormy passa?;.-, ami departed
fur WasMagtsa on Bmgp.ss.tna_ jmtsirtaj Jadga
BaaSSUwOI lay the -ultjeet matter ol Hi- tptariel with
tin* Veiie/mian authorities?which be myswasof their
o.-rn seeking- before the Beer? turf ol State.
Tbe trouble between tbe United Matm Minister niul
Pit -nl. ?,t Guzman Blunt.t V? nesnela datm from May
nt hist year.wtaeaMr. Bartram, beararof dispatches to
Washington, Dr. Alin-ri Boatraad of this city, nml I?r.
Charlea w. rorrej ol Yookera, N. Y., wen nii.ltrarlly
thrown tut?? in i - m on an order hi^ik-iI in- President
Blanco, the only apparent reason being a moOSSt 80
iiu-ii part for prrtnueioa to depart tram tbeaeaportol
Caracas on tbe English ?u amer for tin- Island of Curacoa.
Mmi-ter Bnasell Imtnedlateli took stem tii redram toe
outraae, ami by evening a dbaateh was received from
Pmaldsnt niaiuo ordering tin* retesas of lbs arts
onera, permitting their journey m Cor?cea, und
expressmg his regret at ihe eeimrreaee. At the
same time he w?_ ?ifltiiilcd bv tlie nal of the
American Mini.-t. r tor tlie lil.e.rtj of Am. in an ,mi, am
?n?l iboi rol?me of diplomatic correspondence
earns mte his banda, laelwUog hitara of -fadge Baseell to
the.-tat? Department,tmpotlng h want of Integrity to
tue Vciic/.u. un iiiitiinii'.i..-. Praaldeul Illanco broke off
official relaiiniis with Mtalater RnsssO, ordered the
v. ut zm un ?aiiinct iH.t tn reeognlm him, ami praeeotsd
him with hi? gmttpwiln,
T)ie nbuozioiis eorr?-s|Mindenee was written hyjudce
lasssO bsob after taking apoa htasself the dattm of ihe
new mission. Certain claims of I'nihsl tUnii-? ?ittzt-na
attains! Venezuela had txvn Adjusted hv n mtxctl com
11.. : - - n 111, Put the Vt ne-nu Ian (io\t niiitt nt exeoaad ilaelf
frsmpeytag las slalsm on the ground tlmt it anapectod
coiTupt motivm am the part of the rnum,??dinners. Mr
HiisB.ll iiitunitttil In his ?llnpntt-h Unit the UnBed Matm
could obtain tbe money due in one of two wnrn-cither
by roer? Ive measures or by dividing a part of the money
among the prmclpsl officials of the Veiuiuslsn Oovern
iiieitt. Judge Buse? II say? lie will sustain his charges of
corruption union? Vene/.iwlan ?ifflrlaU hy showing the
manlier In which ths claims of other ?-?ovrrnuicuU
against President BUuco'a administration have been
muled.
LOCAL MISCELLANY.
GOOD FRIDAY HERVKT.8.
mrnsivo and romih.?. OBkmhmmhJBBt (ht ruft catti
OUC CHURCH?KXKHClSEtl IN THE I'ROTK.-. TANT
EPISCOPAL CIIUIICIIM.
Good Friday w?w moro generally ohwrved
yesterday in all the Roman Catholic, ami Episcopal
ebnrches than In former years, and the ceremonies at?
tracted large congregations. Appropriate seruiuus were
delivered In sonic churches in the evening. ?Many busi?
ness place.? were closed out of respect to the day, all the
exchanges, except the Produce, t ntirely suspending
tnii'sactions. The puhllo schoails un8 some of tho thea?
ters were ulso close<L
The services during Holy West In the Catholic
churches never fail to attraa-t mtWS SMWM of WMBhlp
ers, anil especially on Oood Friday. I-: very other day
throughout the year mass is celebrated, lint on this day
the i'creiiionic. consist ouly of a representation of tho
Passiou. The host which Is received hy the celebrant is
the one consecrated on the dav previous, and for this
reason the s?i \ ice is termed the Mass of the I'resaiieli
fled. The service Is seemingly hroken and disjointed,
and Mthtng bmTS It SI hi Id nt any other time of the year.
Lesson., and IreetS that coiitain the prophecy of the Re
deemer are read, the history of the Pii.slnii, as related
by St. John, Is sun?; or read. These services, with May?
ers for till dus. es of people and the adoration of the
cross, ??re tlie principal features of the office of the day.
At Ht. Ann's Church, in Kast Twelfth .t.. the services
bSgM ?it !? o'clock, aud ?very seat In the church was oc
cupn il, many people Ix'lng ShUgSd to stund in the aisles.
The a i.iireli was heavily draped In mourning. The ISfgS
saadlssl leka were eetesed with i-iaek sloth, sad ths sites
was ;il:.ii..t hi.l.Icn with eoverni_r of tin- same sondier
hue. The reredos .ind the IsrgS palming ot St. Ann VSM
also vslleil wltli black. Tin: e VSM 1.0 oi luiinenis on the
lartcc aitar except tho few sninll candle? which wen:
lighted towards the ssnetashm of the service. The
priests entered I he sa i-.-mai., illi-sucd m Mack v t-sluitiits,
and the aliar bayo wtt Mash sassMhs vit- vhttasvr?
plii-es, o\i r ?.iiii-h :inrl BCMM the breast wits (i lnrgt*.
ni.?a '. searfi The 11 lelwsal sma Tloar 0 ssenl Presten,
as-.st.-il l.v r.tt.liet 1.?. ME l?s AmtS Hill Kil?her Huye, us
?uh.ha? ou. They psMtmesd UmmssIvss before the alter
wl.il un n< olytc plae.'l u liliili ?-.lull: M It, Tie! BSOM
aud tracts van then lend, aller ? .i.< li ?hec.-l. Inanl r? a.l
the I'.i???ion, l'.iHicr I/, l.cli, the il-,1,1,11, r. adilii; !l aloinl
lu BngUeh loth? psogle. Prayers veis IhM ok* ted uopBe
rately for tha Pope, ?he Ms-vps, prlssta seetsstsettes,
heretic.,... hidinatk.? ami ethers. At the l,. gluntagof each
prayer 11: : people un.i el. 1 g) -Illicit do.vu. A tua.vei wii?,
also said for ilit Jii.t, hut ths _B_e was not
l>_nt. This was emitted lue lis.- it VM i.i mock, iy
that the Jews knot before Christ Alter the
prayers the Adur.itum of tin- Crass by the
pri.sls wa? begun. The ?-eh leant ?livested hun
?elf of tne ciitstihle or outer vc.-tiiicnt, and, tahtag
fi>.111 Mn-altar tlie cos?, ?-.n-reil u itli 11 vml, lie wi nt to
the BptatM coriu-r, Su?, aeeoret tag tin- top, Shewed 11 to
ut. p. opie, at the sa-iie tim ? snsidag "lern llgnnm
cruels" [Behold the voo_ ol IM t rues), the duaeou re
?ponding, " In uno -ulil . in it 1: ? li pepi ?mil!" (( ?ii which tne
?straiten of the world ru Magst), frost there ths
ci? 1.rant proceeded ta tue right or Gospel side of the
sltnr sad naeorsied tha right S4__B| repenttag the saaM
word?, and lusilv he stood liefore the innlille of the
uitar, im. oven ? the wii.ii- eroas,stagfaw s thlrdthM
tbewnl already nu-ailoned. in?leruoe ra then ear
rlodtun convenient place m tlie Muutuary, where tlie
clergymen ki*?cd It. alt-r knecllni nuil bowing before il
at three different pinces. Waou the adoration bj the
prM t.? Vas lia.rli..I, tb? canille:? Wriv lighted, aa.I ihe
cross vos pal In s promlnenl place on tbe altar. The
bosi roua, crate 1 the day be/or. vas then brought from
1:.. repu Itory, with lilt!? e 1 ?-.101.1-.. !? va* placed ou
the a 1. anil iiiniiii vltb Incense, sud sftervunl the
celehraul ret Ivod ;!..? sacraiaeut, [lie Ccremuuywaa
concluded with tttc S'torattou .-r tbe cross by the ?__i>pi.-.
N'o '.eis 1 : m-..-:, were allowed dm Ing tbo service.
Appropriate services vero in i.i tu all the Protestant |
Episcopal cliurclies yesterday, und m uiuig cases lie
day wa ' ...- a :. itlng ami prayer. In all tbe
obnrcbestle - un? ?I aud sitara wer.- draped ?mi tb.
servie, s wei.a iileiaiii aud imposing um ure. Before
11 o'clock, Ibe hour appointed for the services, Trimly
Church vas thronged ?*y a large congregation. Tbe
chin..1 au-i cha-..-. ; vere beavllj draped lu mourning
nuil Ui ? 1 biilr boy 1 were dn _?? -l m :.!,.< ?!.- cas . ck. und
- , after tie u- -.i ,1 ..-i vu ?? o. m.u mu (
pruyer, ,, ? nuou vas ?t liven d i..v tbe Kcv. I)r. ?ix.
After lin so-...ni Ibe "Passi it" ol Uaydu was muh.',
'i lias ne? -.' bofor ? i>. 1 kiwii lu tbis 11 intrj ? im
i;. -.. lu . bis ??- - - .-i- il bj lue i. y. In; Ogllby sud 1 be
Bel. .Ir ?lu.-, i'!-.. Blindai servit 1 vei bcliliutbe
un. Al tbe Church ol tbe Traustlirurutlon t'a
V. \. i>;. ' - u li u :!.: u conducted services iu ilut luoru
lug, afternoon, ami.l'.om uooa until :s i>. m
the s-1-.'i..' ni r..- " la?c Hours' Aginxy" was
?.'. ;.i ? iiu| .?n:c?i by muslo, aud vaa
very solemn ?.?til iiiipoi ug. Tbc I. v. Dr. Iloughtou
usted by tne I.. -.. 1: ( '. 11. .1. btou
Mid tue Hev. Mr. Douglas?. .\? si. nmiuas's tbe ser
\,. ? -. ,.i; 1 .ici--1 .1 very Un ?re audience. Tiie Lev. Dr.
Vi . , . ..; . . . ..!.??! til : , - - ai.ii ill ,i\. i? 'I n m v
mon n,.. 1. i of the Savior. At the Church of
, m. in ; .m;i 1 was opi .' ?I lor pi. . d. 1
ditatlon?. .'-.'.' _. i.-: prayer vus read,
uitli,; eii.e.a ; at 10:30, .ii. ny ; at 11 a. in., tt pros ins
,:u i re tutu-es wer suit bj the coiigregatlou and choir.
tn.: day v, is hi .i-m to .1 ciOM with
li. . tne "'1 tin ? m..'.1 -'.'? * my."
AMERICA AT THE PARI I EXHIBITIOK.
PBuQREM Ol ma iiri'ii n BE? 1 1:1. ?:?;?'?ii>K.\'rA
1 i'i\.
Nathan Appleton of Uoaton, Hr. Btuckle,
formi tlv Uuli - i( untlai ' 1 mi Mr. Bah
Now-Yoth, who have b nlnl n ilingth iwaelvea
.1, .1 lug \:-. 1 <-r 1 ? -, 1 ? 1 repi ' 1 the Parla '. n>
sitlonol . ? Lsj Inlonued 1 'I'ui.-.im: reporter of
tin- pr. . toward 1 bal ? 11 1. ?' ??? 1 u bnl they
bni use ' ..ni','.i u a;ip ara thai i i i ? ? ? on
',1.11111111-11: ol n pro .'? mp m 1 u
sloner or eou-julssl >u, p.-u.lia . thoappllc itlon t?> i>? made
to Cu,.. ? tor an npp
lion. The objection arises from tin belief tbat In the
itmt nt of a 1 nip u -t-y com ml lonor
1 ? ? 1 ? ii . 1- ? 0 }-.
that bo ly '?' -M n 1 ? ?- tbe ne - ?wry -, ,..-.
priatlon, and Hi .t the country would therefore
tic nnable to be represent! I st tbe Exhibition. It
? the reaoll of the application for
an appropriation lar-jely dopeided upon the action of
the siipiiin < 'im iu regard to the refunding of the
t,.,-,. tni ? :ii io id of IJbWOjOOO ..v. 1.1.. Ihe Centi
and tbat it the decision should be aj dnsl tbeOovam
ne at. Congr? would n fuse to make any approprl itlon.
Im propoaedthal la order to teat publie feeling on tbe
:i m pting of manufacturers tiud Intending ex
ii,'..t..i. shall Is railed In Mew-York, al which ii ilu
-; titlouing Cougreas tor an ap|iroprlallog shall us
. 1. a in t i .n.i similar meetings shall be hi I I :;. ;' .
.. . : . >.n,u.ni.u iu: in_ centers ol N w-Bnglaudaiid the
?t?te?, which ii 1- rxpeeffd will furnish t:,?
le. -1 number of would-be exhibitors, li baa been
it thai ; wo ?r uebmeu, n presenting tboui
r emineeted with the French Centennial Co
aion unn aa dull acoretllted by tbe Prone h Uovermneut,
have been visiting .-.?-. .1.1 leading manufacturers wltb a
view to toduclns tbrui 10 lake an active part in advo?
cating the rein atatlon ol thi Cultud Blal . a' He
Kit.., it.; bul the?French autborttlaa di _y that Iheao
m. a bave mi-, author. 11 to act m tin 11
,:.\\. Drown, President of the Rew-Yurk Furniture
Board ol rra-lc, says that the board was p< pared to co?
operate lu m !ll.\ Vlth any body lor tile pulp?se of se. lil?
il?;' m exhibit of American manufactures, Tbe board
believed that Ibe Increasing competition vblch had
spriinif no ot late years betveeo Preuch,gpanlab, and
American furniture rendered it abeolutely neoeeaary
thai the i/ade ol the United otates should i?? represented
nt every foreign exhibition. Tula vas Ihe ease espee
iaii.i in regard to Praueo,the low prim at which French
labor was ?eured proving a sei^pM hluderanee to the
?l? velo pin. i.t of Anu? nan trail.' In furuituru un lin- l'mi
llnent, snd it wss only by having proper faculties af?
forded them for sin.?vim. how iitr American furnlturs
vas ain -ail of foreign In artistic designs and Unlsb thai
the trade could aver hope to uonunand any business
abroad. The Centennial Exhibition had developed the
export of Atii.-iiciii iiiinitiire to Mexico and the Weal
1 mil!? Islands, and it wss now proponed to semi out
agenta to tbe Colonies on behalf of the trade, th.'liad
log manufacturers of Wew-YorS bearing the expense.
Franklin Allen, Kccretiiry of the -uk A?so?iation of
Am. 1 ich, .uni that no organised scttoa bad rel mm
laketi 1>>* the association to secure 11 ilepiillmeiit of
Anu? ic'ti il_ liiatitUa.-tures. ?me of the leadiug manu?
facture r_ in Kew-York would ?i-ii Paris la the course of
h few ?.._-, aad wouM then repon to ths aaaoetatlon
how far such a department wnull be likely to prove suc?
cessful.
aiiK sti:vi:.v? BATTESY.
INSl'KCIINQ IT WITH A VU'-VV TO ITS 8AL1..
Tim .Sifv?-ii8 Inui-chul BatU-iy, which has
been fully ?MSCthsd lu Tut Tumi sy, still las In the
trench at Ilohokcn where it was built. The comnil-slon
appoiiit.tt liv the Htikte of New-Jersey to ctt-".t a sule of
tho Ulitllii.-hed va-sucl has plaa-.-d tile matta'l* ill tile bunds
of cnpt. Masesls ?f So. m Bssadvag, ant passsvdag the
battery was rtsttS- l>y a reprcs? ntutlve of a bcelga Oov
i-riinia-nt, who was accoiuiiaiited hy Cnpt. Samuels, a
number of i-iiK'ineers, and uTitini nk rep.rt.r. The parte
crossed the North Itlver to llohoken and Inspected tho
\,--.l uutltr the guidance of the attendant who bus
el.ar-.-e of It. The vessel wm partially built hy the late
1. Um A. MataaSb who M M -i death left -}!l,(HX.,(XI0 to lie
umppotmi In Its completion. Thlj sum was expend.-d
under the direction of (?en. ?'corgs n. McClellan, but it
v. as not sufi-t lent to finish the vessel ami make It an
" effective iron-clad for purposes of war." It is estimated
that to complete the battery will reijulro *M-<\000. It
now lies in what is termed a dry-dock and is cov.ired by
ashed, It is separated from the Hudson l?vsr by a
bulkhead, wbub must be removed before the von.el can
lu-il...tied. The vessel is -loi feet lon-t und 54 fret In
breadth. It contains 10 engines and ?iu furnaces and is
moved by tVO propeller*. Ills stated that the rim he
tvseathk mj und Qeseaetewa eau be made by ths
blevcim Batten In T'-jdays.
Tin- psny y a -terdsy eiamlusd every part of the ves?
sel. 'Ihe foreign n prestuiUllve? who Is unwilling to be
k.; .*_ u ut preieui ta cuuuc.n.u with suy uegotlatioua
for the purrhasA of the battery?allowed much Interest,
and frequently paused to Impilre what the different
part* were Intruded for. The numerous water-tight
coid-hunkcrs, which can bo filled with wafer when ihe
ceil is remove?!, so as to keep the reSBSi submerged to the
proper depth, attracted his close attention, Bad when the
circuit of the vessel was completed, ho Innuired, " Whero
Is the powder mngtxzmel" The at "?el ml replied that
any of the coal-bunkers could be iisc?l for that purpose?
When rtsadlng bstwssn the rerasess, he remarked.
" Well, u,n you would call the Infernal regions, woiildu't
you I" What the result of ?yesterday's visit win bs is not
known, hut ? apt. TamBSlS Is confident that he will effect
a sah-. Me says that he can have the vessel completed
ami delivered at sny point either In the Mediterranean
or tbe liallic .Sou within a period of CO days.
OUTLOOK FOR TUB YACIITINii SEASON.
DIFFICt'LTlKS OK TIIK NKW-YOP.K CM ??FKKPARA
TION8 OF -I Hi: OTIIKU Ci.i IIS KOK TUK COMINO
SKASOW.
Tlie rominpr season promises to develop the
usual amount of Interest in yachting, notwithstanding
the fact that the report of a committee of the New-Tort
YiM-lit (Ml shows their financial condition to be SB?I as
t?i endanger Its exl.--t.nee. There has been a spirit of
rivalry for u uutuher of years between the several yacht
clubs, ami a desire to suppress as far us possible the old
organization. The numbers of lue New-York Yacht Club
Iheinsi Ives have contributed largely to this opposition,
particularly the mm -yacht owners. Past SSpSStflBSS has
shown that the ine-ubcr-hip of yacht chili? increase*? In
prniiortii.n a? public alt-ntiou is directed toward yacht?
ing, and the Imliiceineiits offered by thfi clubs to their
members. In the New-York Yacht Club only tho yacht
owners are allowed t<? vote upon any <|ii>-?tlnn ; conse
queutly, of the uiciiihcrship ol I.V.), ->o yacht own-rs
are accused of using thLs arbitrary BBSSSSM
to tlepiivo the reinaimler of the few |SlVllB0M
which they d'-mainl. With an iudcbtediit'ss of *7,*'iiM?,
there are none who seem willin.' to cmilnbuto a yea rat?
amount t?t ejctlaguish the debt, while some, of tbe non
yat lit owners say tlmt a subseriiitlon paper would meet
With a hearty KspoOsS If, as In other club?, they were
allowetl i voice In the buslm-ss of the club ex-N*|?t IhM
which pertains ?trii-tly to yachting. It was preps ti, In
order to lcss?n the expenses, that both tliecluli-liou.es
at Hiaplet??!! and in Mailidoii-ave. be given in?, and thai the
meeting.? of the club be h.-l.l at BSBBS I'i -taurant ; that
the sxpsassool tite June regatta, mnlodlag priassi bs
liniiied to *f-,"??)0.and IhSSSef the regular Autumn m
gatta In f-'tiM). Tin* non .?acht owners wer.- indignant at
this in ti.-ii, ami elaiiiieil that it w.i? virtually uu attempt
to force then out of the Stub, as well as a blow to It? ex
M 'ice. Without their financial auppott tii'-y claiine.l
thai tin- club wenM bessern extinct. i;y ? mbseqaeut
??'?lion of the club it has been resolved to retain their
?lub-litiii.e ill tins city.
Oilier yacht club!* are BBSkSBg up an elaborate pro?
gramme for the season. The BsewaBhBBB Club has ?in
iioimced its llr.st race, a ?'-.; intliia-i mSS, forJOBI 16,
fur ItSl BBd s?'eoial-cl;is? sloop?, and BOSOBd-elsm
schooners, one prize In each BtSSS ol 0A.3Q, In ease the
s ?usiner class Should not lili, IhS tl gBttS BSSBSBittoS will
appoint another day lor ths mm Ie take placa. Ths
Second race Will be hel-l on .film' '_'*:. and is to BS an ocean
nue fur first andsrfiondclsm ssheeosm ? owners toeom
?and and -te. r their own boats, artth the asnal i
tions. Then win be one prim la each etam vetoed at
9400. Tbe third rs o will bo tbe annual regatl itOyater
liuv, .im-, i. Tlien will in* live prism m talaraeeol ISO
t n b. Tin- fourth mm '??.ill come off on July -Js, ami Is to
bo for open boats at Oyster Bay, one Boil prise In eaob
. . * Fbe "Ladles'Day" regaste was not tuiiy deter
mined upon.
i in- Brooklyn Yacht club, whleh has heretofore been
claused second to tbe New-Vwrk Club, and many of wBnse
ten ... a '?'i ??-' to ths older olnb.U slowly bul
surely creeping up to tbe Bret rank. It maintains two
ol?ib bun a -, ma* at Montagne aud Comt-sta., Brooklyn,
and the otlier al Red Hook. It ii out of debt, with a
membership of ovei 200 activa membera, all of whom
a:*.* n ii tiiil*. allowed to engage In debuting a subject,
hui have, tin- privilege of voting ?-. pi upon matten
relating f" i-oursm. cruises, and all sailing regulations.
'lio* ii-.ii>.! resaltas will i>- held, and every ??? iirlay la
recommended to be set apart as a sailing da *? oa
ami uon-yacht owners, to wheat s ?-.-m rai Invitation
will be given.
c* n. i m-,' tin- dissatisfaction among the membera of the
Bew-YorE Cinb, otber elnha whleh Bave been tntrd in
prominenm am making strrnuons efforts to build up,
an I arc -.Mining j'-i.td member-* ant weeding ottt tint
uiuie-ir l'?le. Among the Brat of them may be men?
tioned tbe Columbia Yacht Cinb, wbiob is tree from
debt. Their clubhouse at tbe.' yf Elghty-eixBi -..,
Mml tui Kiv.*r. is re ?anted as the most accessible of auy
,i acbl olab-housc In tbe city 'i n ? otfioers ai 'I members
i.a\ ?? m i igual voice, win Iher ownln : ;. nchts or not.
Among other clubs wbieb are wining into p star
promineuee are tb?. Long Island. Manbatton, Wuliams
burg?, Hudson Hiver, and Jermj Citr olnbs, Their
boats arc nut eortstdered capable of witbstaudlug tbe
iM-rilsoi ocean raetn* m tboaeol tbe New-York, llrook
l> n. ami ?-?' '**'..iniuM.a clubs, but m they build iu-\
then-alae will probably be Ipcreasoa The several re
gattiia wblcb the? give during tbe season ara mude par*
,ri\- Interesting to their members as well a. tho
public.
in eonaeqnence of business iepreaaion, fewer keels Pave
n* a i .u! .it.au for new racBts limn for years past, and
it Is now too late to build foi the coming season, wltb
the hegiimlugof better times, which D'lWSeetfl sear at
band, yacht lug men from ?11 parts of th-- seaboard have
i,,. ?;,. i uegutiatIons for the purchase of yachts. The
following figures show i?u* condition and prospects of the
yachting market: At Manning's Yachting Agency tbo
following yactit- are reported nu .. , with the number
ol aiiplfeatlons for each class: Behooners, 19; appli?
cants, "?W. Cabin sloops, 28 ; applicants, 17. Open sloops,
? ?.ant*. ID, Cat-boate, 6 ? applicants, II.
. ,t *;,t -, in; a. i'ii ants, lt. Tbc center-board sloop yu lit
Pirate, formerly b longing to Boss K. Wloaua >>r tue
No? -1 ork ? 'lu-', baa be? .? sold to Cummodoru J. It, Voudy
t.r Cm Jersey City Yacht Club for ***3.500. Tlie Pirate
. n ago, ni.I un i -|?t ose ans spared
in ilu- construction of tbe vessel, wblcb i? completely
,*., ni p i aud fun Ishod with irreal tuste. The : acht -.?ill
i?* mille.i to tin ,i*.'of the New-York and Jersey City
clubs. Mr. Wlnans bas purchased the sloop yacht
Artow, which will be replaced on tberolloi too New*
York Club. ________
THE ELEVATED ROAD ON BATTEST PARK.
iiM'.ia TKiP OVBB Tin-: BBW SECTION--THB N_w
TIMB TAULK.
A trial trip was m:i?ie jreaterdaj afternooa
over uf" new se :?i.n oi the New-York Blevatei BaUraed
across Battery Park. At ;t o'oioek a dussmy sngiae,
with two passenger earn attached, started from tlio
nal i-,\. ,?._?'treen parrying Mr. Coartwright, the
Vice-President ol tbe road, Mr. Cowing, the Beeretary,
Mi. Onderdonk, tbe Bnp? rhitendeut,and Mr. Pre r. Ths
mi erlntendent to ik the brake blnm if at Whitehall *..,
ami Mu* oflli era c u tully ezamtaed the eon traction of
the temporary depot Mr. Cuurtwright sed Mr. Cowtng
walked back along th ? track t i tbe station at Bowling
, examining the tracks and iwttekes. Thi
??i-f t.etit'ii with the manner m which a eey
Hun?: worked. '1 he rails?t the BOW M SttOB arc BmdS of
slael neighing M pounds to th?* yard, aad are mash
stronger alian thorn used on otber parts of the n**e?L
Mr. ? " i.i ??right -..nt thai th.- new structure waa itroug
enongb toearry traloaof any surface road,and : at the
cars and the road Itsi !;' wi i? m guarded thai it would be
lni|KMtsibh tor a train to Imvs the trae, it auj accident
?-ii..?ii l occur.
Train or tket .* iueeof pa lengera will begin lo
ran to Whitehall t. on April B, and a now tlmi -table -.,;ti
in- issued mi Monday. There wiiithen i?,' ruu _-j*s trains
un t ?im* mail it.nl.? ? I 88 between Mm South Ferry and
inn ninth -t., ami it? between the (?outb Fotry and
inn i i.-i ii-.-.!. Tbe hut trato from the down-town itattou
In the evening will leave at 7:'J(? p. m , '12 minutes i iter
than previously, and only s mtnuti ?-> ?rill elapse iiel ween
the arrivai of trains at the various statloas dung the
route The flmt train down town will leave Fifiy-olntti
st. at ?> a. m. On Sundays the traiaa will run every 10
minutes iiiiin <':!n a. in. until 12:50 p. Bl. From til.it
hour until 5:03 p. m., they will leave every kmlnu
on we?-k days, up to 7??!'i p. m. The company will add
two more cars to I be number already on tlie road, ami a
new engins will be ready In abnot a weok. r? .* entire
length of th.-mail i bow live ndlea, aud the trip, Inclu?*,
mg stoppages, win be made in in) minutes. The full mr
rying capacity, tine auperiatsodeol states, la about 18,000
passeugsm dally a
POLICE AND I'AHK JURISDIOTKHT.
A DMtm AHOl'T A?HIST9 ON I'AKK SIDKWAI.KS.
The Police ConiiiiissiniM-is y?-ster?l;iy r*fi?v>'?l
a esssamalsoMsB frem the r?rk OsBBsslsslsosn relativo
to their Jurisdiction on the sidewalks surroitnilin*< the
parks, ?iraiiville F. Sneliiii)', the son of a well known
gentleman, on Murch 13 was riding m: a velocipede
attiuinl tlnj Worth iiionuiiient. Capt. Willi uns ordi-rcd
IhS boy to stop. ThSMnd then BSBSBd over to the Madi-,on
stpiare park sidewalk and lOSSBBSd his ritlin?. ?apt.
Williams thercupt.ii BRSBtSd hiin, but he was atsshargsd
by a police Justice. The l'urk OsBBBUBSlsasm fle'mei
tliat the arrest was unlawful, and iu their letter to ihe
Police Board tiny tako the ground that the boy was In
their Jurisdiction when he was arrested. TrhlrtpaJO
t-itiin .* la permlttsd in tncir dnmsls Capt Tflllliiaso ds
ei.iieii that the pises where he asada the bid -t wta
co'. aced by his patrolmen and ho hail Inrisdtottoa. The
Police Commlaaloseca referred the matter to tlieir c.an
sel for his optaton.
laapeaklng ymmrdaref the siete asede by tha Park
fiiunmlSBlnn. Osa. Smith, President of th<- police Board,
?aid to ??'I'i.ini sa reportar thai if their news wan ser?
net, criminals would beBSfS from iiuilcslatinii in ,?iu of
the parka. The claim tu ridtoutoua. i? vu ?rail nu
?lersli.oil that the Part Hoard had the control of park
ulf.iiis. but thS notion that the police citiilil not make
arrests there was ah-urd. It Wot not, li-iw? vt r, t ?ear to
his mind that the arrest was uiHile on propert) over
which the Park Hoard hwl Jurisdiction. Tl.o sidewalks
hail to i"* patrolled by the yoUvo and in his opinion the
arrest tat lawful.
It Is understood that Mr. flnelllnit will prefer charms
ai-aiiift Capt Williams for makhiK* an unlawful arrest
and a suit for ?lamago is also threatened. Iherolsa
prospect of a Inn?; controversy tietweeu the two com?
missions m to their limits of Jurisdiction.
A IIKBO ON TBE POLICE FORCE.
The Police Commissioners yesterday pre?
sented a handsomely-eiiifross.-d tcstlm-mlal to ORlcer
Philip C. Blcllof the Ninth Precinct, for his bravery in
savitiK the life of Philip Fitzgerald of No. 351 West
Forty-second-st., who fell Into the river on the evening
of Feb. 12, at tha foot of West Tenth st Gen. imi.Iih de?
clared that ths gallant ami moiitorlous ooaduvt of the
officer deserved inore than passing <? ? i,-,i. ration <**__
officer clung to the drowning man, who diagavi bini?_
nt-ai h the water until he was nearly lifeless, and *-___
drawn from the water the officer was -itta rlv (-.___,..__*
This was not the only ease win re the ..(II. c, had u_T??_i
in? own life, the (.ommissiom-r said, in savin, oth. ? ?*
13 othei tnstanc.'s he had ?llsplayi d similar inatenJ
bad saved life. Tho Commissioner ?aid furtlv-r rfi_!_?*
tlon of his bravery would be displayed st th* i^____!
The officer thanked the C_.ni.-nis .ion.rs for ffi_?
t UK
I.T
th
ir.sHlon of their good will, declarad he had -t.lv ?vS
his duty, and boiM<d he would alwnys prove ?____-_.
their regard and coufldetiea'. *"* m
PLANS FOR COLL COR CONTE8T?,
ACCKKTtao TUK ng ooaerrroTUM or ii? isTrxj
COM.KOtATl. AHHilC'fATIO?r.
Tlie Intt-rcollt-i/iate LiUrary Aiw.rii.tio_ nxtd
yesterday at the Fifth Avenue Hotel to adopt the xar
constitution. Among those present Vote Chso'-eita
Crosby and Presidents McCosh and Cattell, Chsrlto? r
Lewi... J. II. Morse, the Rev. T. W. Chambers, and bxr\t%t
ll. Oluistoad. The colleges and universities rspres?at?s
by ('derates w.-rc : Princeton, William., Hrrac.?., |^
versify of tlie City of Mew-York, Oillege of the c?t- g
?ew-York, North-western University, llsoiiieon, Bav
g?i*s, at. John's, Lafayette. Cornell, Madison, artd Vos.
leyaii. Bgp ne Pr?gte of Cornell presided, snd Jo-m
Kruntz.Jr., of North-Western Cniversity was SecrvUxtr
The Trc muret ', report shew..! a IrslSBOS on hand of t3_!
H. H. McCaulcy, jr., report-d ? behalf of ths committal
appointed to draft a constitution. The committee rv
ported that an aef. of ilicorporal.tiii seemed ueraaaxiy
and tin- cou-i'itutlou was rev: .ad with that object t>
flew. I>wlght II. Olmsto-ul said that he had -uggestag
that it was for the best tntercit of ths As?
soelatlon that it lie Incorporated. It would th-a
In- B more pcrui-iii.-ut organization than at proarnL
and tin- trust" s appointed would tie bold v.riotly re,
sixm.ilhl. for their disposition of the _____ ?n tb.lr
bands. It VM tha n vot. ?1 that the assortit |<>n be lUf(?.
PSMted, and afterward that tha following should tie the
Beard of Trustees: Chancellor Crosby ai.d 1'rislbsH
McCosb, Vice-President R?ssel, Chariten T. Levai
T. W. IlUrflii-on.iieon.'.; W. (urns, Cyrus Field, bmiKb%
B. ..?instead, .nul ?Mlaii Mar.-uaniL
XhS SSMtiteHsn WOt MMMsg section by section, sad
in the lively discussions that ensti. .1 <j!i_iiccil?i?r,_.bf
of N-w-Y..rk. President McCMh of l'ilrn. ton. I'r, _?.,.?|
Catlc'.lof Lufi.Vette, C. _ I-?-- , ., and Mcsr:, ()??,.,..,,?,
Clark, and IS-naSt?! look part. Chnnce/l.-r lYnshy com
lienda-dthein u esasUtUtlon. as It m.ide the ygxxug ni.-a
the driving-wheels of tbe association, while MSfe sM
fegt-SM himselJ, iisheput it. SBBM for ibe ____MSSj
andient thur advice when needed He thou-.-ht.ho.y
ever, that tuet .institution wu* somewhat cut_ilier.tom<j.
BadthM the council of regents should be Hlniply . , t
the executive committee. Ile vas pest- o m Is m is? .r
of keeping t.. -:?;.?? of trust?e separat? from the work?
ings ol tbe association as vas specified. I in a. ...p..,,.
Heetloll 21, on the ijualtt-C-lions of coiU|H-tltoiM, ti|B
.-?ie i.uiv protracted. It vas al length amended as as
to resd sa follows :
"Any student a ioUan*_*_ibc-ras't-lsaaBSS_ni_a ?n.i whs
I. pornuinga iienoral colegiste or am vendiy roars? f. i urn
ot ti n ?n lot ni un... -cu-iii i-, pbll(_M|ilir, i-i livr_t_rr.se
h ., li.. !.,. I,. ? : .-. ?. .1 upon lilti. ??tion a fett prsvtows te
lbs annual eeateats sml exsadastloes, shall he ? ii-.-i-.i. tai a
pete I.'....:.:, en III? Air, ami e\A 'll, nations, III..'.,, .n, , i iu. . it
i ?i.-1 .iin.c.'i of it ?-. ut? sijjii pi. tssriba ni iHtttira t? r..i<__
herein eltstiDg."
l'bo waole dlsetualon was nearly flvs Mars m bmWtuj
and wss euded by the adoption of the ne?? ,
vit h several amendments. The leading features i
c institution bave already been outlined In i.u. r-.ni .b.
One amendment ?va? the creation ol Artlt-le '?V, -.-.i h
tends aa follows :
-? I .11 iv -lops ia.iv I.. f.niijil.'.l In tha v.iri.iin nilla-nM aaS
untvi r-:*;. ?, m ? i. a manner as the Bou i ol iti (eats ?tuilsd.
vi-.- ?in-! a Majority at the board ot trustees approval*-1
Until theccrtltti _feof Inoorporation lut. becagmaSsI
tiv the Rtate anrhorltlee, tne present offli at? of ihe asea
ci ilion VIH continue in power. At thai thM tic- luca.r
noiators, acting as the board of trust?es, will call a nie?;.
In_r for the ?lection of officers under the ie _ BBBSdta
tloo. _
OBOAvnnra thi oabbxtai. __c___b___
A DMet-gff of 9__n__N__M ?ntcnstetl in ar?
ranging au industrial and carnival plot-. MjM Ml at tlie
st nit vaut House last cvi-nlmr. Aa OMtsaissUM wa?
i-;!'-.?led; Oea.AlexanderShalerw:?s elected i>c:iii.ine_|
(?..orinan of the Executive C?)iiiuiitt?--', ? x-. layer (?ua
ther treusiirer, and W. B.illard seer. tary. Tie r
mciiilier-, wlu h ive BWte to InCTMSt their iiiimls. rs m
they BBS II!, are Col. tit. Maitin, Col. F. B ll-we, BtkB)
K. M. K-it-ie, Al.icnuau H. A. I. ??_ is.'Ahlcn.i.iu J. C. I':.. I
My, gsarasl Ohrpsalsri a. I*. Bsafast?a, Lesfe w. M_n
ein .ii-r. sal Ii'!man L'hl. Col. It Martin said tis
had canvas-i.t'l tne city thoroaghlg, mid iu.l i?3a-elvasl
much eaeoerngeaMat for a earalral? it s_m prsgiaii to
arrange a paneaat rcproscutiug t'.io bUioij o \..
Tins v,... ! i .n liai of tab'.ea-non movln,'pii?t'..rnis,aiid
v.*ould be iu ths cvcuiiur. II would not . up. :-. h t!is
IndastrlalasposHlon in Ibe daytime. Trio iicci-s;ary ?x
p. n | would be at least fis,()().>. Ile;ire-?-u.,iH.. ?of ths
TransportationOommlttee, eunelsttucet If. a. Bal
tbe l;i tint ?ii? and Ohio Bstlroad, C.B.Me?kei t
{tov-Tork Central, A. !.. Bliighsm "? : g< V"il,
Now-Haven and Hartford; Hamuel < bi ol t!is
I'eiiusylviima. U. M. Huntington of the Tl "
andC. P. Met'addlu .?r the New-Jersey boutberu si "I
that they would arrange tot reduced rat. s a'l all u .- I
lines It wu< da. Ided tbal tbe t? . eould not rake place
earlier than May l. bocanas ot the vork Luvolred i?> 'hs
.t. A further meeting was appointed CorMoudag
evonlng at i o'clock, at ths Btortovant H
mLAO-ura attcmpi ro beooteb sncana
Officer BOOM <>t ll??: 'Tutnly-niath l'iceir.ct,
wbii" ou p'?-? on Wot K.irtiefh-st.. on tTsinssday sBte
iioo:i, VMattrseted by hearing erics for help cud s.. mg
ait ,v,.| o,ii-id.-No. io.. V.'c.t r.i:t:-:!,-t. Il- ifs i.n! mat
a gtrl, '?> pears sM, vaa ths eaaas of the disturbance. \
." n 111 man v.-.i ? iittciuptiiig to carry ln-r away, clilialuf
Mr m his danghtet ; several lad i
holdlag on to the ehlld, aad elaintlng thai - i
tethe-B, At tha Vashtagtoa Pises Pelles Ooari ?
ley the geatletnaa ga*e his aeate m L. 0 lg rol Ba-h
iii .-ton. i>. c. Bis ssoryls that the ehlld labia
ter. Three yen * it>_r> > he MgM pros e.liiitrs f -r.? ?. s
a?alai. his wif", on ihs penad of adnltery, i j
MilledavaytheehlH. ead weal Best Miaslt. H'- bas
Mm naabte to dnd his eblld until very recently, wtea
M dlsMTsred that sM was wehltng vlth Mr auat, bis
trlft '?> sist r, at N". lOB '.','?? t r?.* in-iu-s*. ii. now rlaSM
Ihe right to obtain pom ?Ion of and sunpoi i.
f and his father vert marri dtotvo >i-u-- I
both i.-pHiai'd from tatst* VtVeS. The i_,-'ii. vtltS
. ..il.i vas found stats that Sir. Ami :it'*_
don d It throo yean ago, and they have Mpp
since. Justice Murra] postponed the com. ? moa m
io until to '..'.., and dwel irged Mr. a :? r. A de
- .v . , l m his dit ? i. _ p ??'?. ?!:.
os IHOBB AUBRl XBB ati.anti?* OOAgt.
The ?hip Wii.eli<-st(-r, wiiieli went its!,or'* hi
Caps Bsary, was ?ot otr at ?jrstesrdag -sssaiag'a n?e, ?ud
tow.-d to Norfolk.
'1 'lie schooner Zuletta Keuyon, from Bartfofd to Itlrli
r.ioud. Vu., vlth lish gnai - ? redartog the _-_M
at March SO, on TWassad laM bar. Oapt Willens sl
I.:'. -.-.', I'i. gtetlaa No. 3. WtUt tO hcri?Sii-l.l-.lie, iud
-,,.; probably tv-t licroff.
T:ie vork el dlsshasglag ths c.ir','oof tho Basfoai was
euutlaaed resSerday, and it Is ixpeeta I thai tve or three
ItgliteHeads will urrirs al Iheelly tedar. The pi
in_ noi th-wi st v. i:i<i of yesterday aud day befare h.u
fti pr.'.-s ? ( the lides, and lite water i* toe ?fallow toabow
lie ."ir-.-.i tobe ?midi-d lute tin? Hakten -Useiss-av
.pi -m. it la transfert? -t by tho Mil u-uis.
Tbe Am?*rlqne lies Ins pi IMsmi wiaiai: ?s sa ir.tbs
favorable f?_r ? ating her when the wind -i
u'Aom t the water to How link a team to its usual ik-p'.h.
THK LEI8UKE IIOUB BEBIB-.
ro the /.?.'/for of The Tribune.
SiK:\V!iile tl!:'.nki;i;ryon for tho" fir-t-ra4.-'no?
tice " thai ran wots __e_ MSnghteglretheLi Ism ?_?
Beit's till?? morning, we mu.it lieg that a . tiie dir-ot_<*
anddi.tinetiiesa of ira ststements sre apt t-. convey Bs
I'tiprt l ich that they are ituti-oi-itative, you will, ?m )ss
t'.co lo yo.ir own ac-ui'.-.cy as ?\. U as sthte i_tet*v_u *?-*?
ccined. laf.im you. r.-idei'.t tint t'i,. i. B-4 -tr.ct.*' t-S
esse. Tbo figures VSM ?ot MgpUsd hf aayhS-lf Btm?
wli-.se bu...n. ?) It Is to know ile.-ni, bat,SB l-r M M
can barn, ven b ,:i(': ';w literary ?tenis gi Berall) si*.
In B iSSUltl rj i tf.r., v al Mi tl'i<* SOtt. Stsatli n !)??: - l
vltb s clerk who apoko from v*t ash.
rally, tho o*neral drift of t_ ?tatv-meni? ia ei-nrw- i '
aqvt-Hy naturally, under the c:.-?u. . ? m
detnfis nie vi i. inc
Wo i anta : p nil ours? ivrs los-?j this wii
tl !.. ll ?" .1 i'1-?i:..?--.. IIP
I, VI
pi- mt'tnes., fuli'tos* ? la- ' *.i ,'
U good for any thing, |m-y m..the of ?? "???
vhoeare f.-?- books. V-1 ? ? , .
,\tw lorli, March .Hi. 1-7,- Hi--"*. . on ** A '-*?
NAVAL IMIil.I.I'iK.M'K
Wat-UBOro?. Marrh ?KK? Itrar-Adwlral 1"]nJ'.
AI-.-.v let:4 |..?ii.ir-l'*i-.l io iluir s. l*i. i i-id" the ' ? !
,v .,. i ? . i c_i t i ? n i ' ... ;
1?.dut? .-i-i? i_em:i_r "t lust Ixi.i.t', t?
Mm r un "i " i - > ?
w ?-, t? n it. ? ' ,? i .*! ? ? i j -.-...'? :
jr, inul Mt.l.tiai lnr> :ui K. . _tae< ^ '*..
ilut _ SCO, i hi !< ... i - '' I
n: i_J Porter. , i_ t
l'.r.,.-A.I' ,_l l;..l *.\- -??-.,.?.s. N , I...?la. .. :
awn ri'.|-i'St, ?-nt ???cn:n..|?.????V...'.. '. !I I'.t: *
pruowl ?I to t'?e ?if
Tl uvst|ituiiii>li.-j tuii.a: - , ,
j. r. ii.?..-,!. ? " ?( ??' II II res !
?_.!_ >i Ann , _...? wi I hop*'ni-.i-.l ?
bv t'ier,'t:t.-m??*.it "I l:'-ir .-.'le:::".'. - '')?' ? ' '.' ' ' mm
The laailmg *-?--?? I ?-i?..i"-m uor mi.? Bin?. "-.'""T-'
\? , :, ,t n Nat v V:i.l. ?ll! Bid the " ,; *
rn.mili ..'nu.- is: "t Mo '<" !>?'?"?
b.-y_ trtuu ?its tmiiUus bI.i?s nt N-_ ? ' - !
H. ;?t.. 11 on board. Ths .s?r.ili)-.t ?i' h
t ..miii-ii'ici it. a iv??.?. and ihe i r f- ?ill ' ?*> _ rp-"*"
uiurs m itnir'i'-i tin.. .??_ m it a. ?' ? -i ?? o ---v
? an
a pooiii( fcniiiu.1 "Tuai?'? in.i"(,^.;,<J
rejected for fisek of UUrsry mocil -bnl wbsi i_ '!_??_.
blitmg a uisii when ne is do\? u I Let us Ua??? ntat.t
iu,(licol?? i-cuiotiat ?sudOhcaa-Bti

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Search America's historic newspaper pages from 1789-1963 or use the U.S. Newspaper Directory to find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present. Chronicling America is sponsored jointly by the National Endowment for the Humanities external link and the Library of Congress. Learn more Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC THE TELEPHONE.

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Alexander Graham Bell's Flying Machine: 1913

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Alexander Graham Bell's Flying Machine: 1913

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https://www.loc.gov/resource/magbell.13900407/?sp=1

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science reference service science technology business division library of congress

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Women of Invention: Women Inventors and Patent Holders: A Guide to Selected Resources. Science Reference Guide, Library of Congress

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Women of Invention: Women Inventors and Patent Holders: A Guide to Selected Resources, Library of Congress Science Reference Section.

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Wright brothers aeroplane - patented plans, 1908

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4 photographic prints on mount. | Four plans: The top plan of the Wright aeroplane / drawings by W.B. Robinson from Wright Brothers' specification in the Patent Office; Fig. 1 - Wright flying machine; Fig. 3 - figures descriptives du brevet français Wright et Wright [...]; A perspective view of the Wright aeroplane.

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Inventions and Discoveries - John Bull and Uncle Sam: Four Centuries of British-American Relations | Exhibitions (Library of Congress)

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Rare books, maps and prints show british exploration and early settlement of North America.

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A musical instrument made with glass: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/franklin/franklin-scientist.html#obj43

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Benjamin Franklin

This portrait, which depicts Franklin as a learned scientist and inventor, was one of his favorites. Pictured on the left is the signal-bell apparatus Franklin devised to detect the presence of electrically-charged clouds. The bolt of lightning , seen through the open window, became an attribute closely identified with Franklin. At Franklin's death French philosopher/scientist Jacques Turgot wrote: "He seized the lightning from the sky and the scepter from the hand of tyrants."

Edward Fisher (1730-ca. 1785), after Mason Chamberlin (d. 1787). Benjamin Franklin of Philadelphia, 1763. Mezzotint. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress (32) LC-DIG-ppmsca-10083

The Franklin Stove

Franklin wrote this description of the stove he had invented to promote sales of a model being manufactured by his friend Robert Grace. A series of partitioned iron plates permits a continuous supply of fresh warm air, separated from the smoke, to be distributed equally throughout the room. By controlling the airflow, less heat is lost, and much less wood is needed. Franklin's stove became so popular in England and Europe that this essay was frequently reprinted and translated into several foreign languages.

Experiments in Electricity

In 1751, Peter Collinson, President of the Royal Society, arranged for the publication of a series of letters from Benjamin Franklin, 1747 to 1750, describing his experiments on electricity. Franklin demonstrated his new theory of positive and negative charges, suggested the electrical nature of lightning, and proposed a tall, grounded rod as a protection against lightning. These experiments established Franklin's reputation as a scientist, and in 1753 he received the Copley Medal of the Royal Society for his contributions to the knowledge of lightning and electricity.

Benjamin Franklin. Experiments and Observations on Electricity, made at Philadelphia in America, By Benjamin Franklin. Page 2. London, Printed for David Henry, 1769. Rare Book & Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (37A)

Mapping the Gulf Stream

Although Spanish explorers had described the Gulf Stream, Franklin, fascinated by the fact that the sea journey from North America to England was shorter than the return trip, asked his cousin, Nantucket sea captain Timothy Folger, to map its dimensions and course. Franklin published this map and his directions for avoiding it in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society in 1786. Systematic research, conducted by the U.S. Coast Survey, of the Gulf Stream did not occur until 1845.

Franklin's Armonica

Before leaving London in July 1762, Franklin wrote to the Italian philosopher Giambatista Beccaria. Not having anything new to report on their shared interest in electricity, Franklin described the improvements he had made to the musical glasses invented by Richard Puckeridge. By fitting a series of graduated glass discs on a spindle laid horizontal in a case and revolving the spindle by a foot treadle, Franklin could create bell-like tones by touching his wet fingers to the revolving glasses. Franklin's armonica became popular in Europe, with Mozart and Beethoven composing music for it.

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Benjamin Franklin: In His Own Words Scientist and Inventor

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This portrait, which depicts Franklin as a learned scientist and inventor, was one of his favorites. Pictured on the left is the signal-bell apparatus Franklin devised to detect the presence of electrically-charged clouds. The bolt of lightning , seen through the open window, became an attribute closely identified with Franklin.

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Edison kinetoscopic (video) record of a sneeze --  January 7, 1894

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About this Item

Title

Edison kinetoscopic record of a sneeze, January 7, 1894

Other Title

Sneeze

Fred Ott's sneeze

Ott's sneeze

Kinetoscopic record of a sneeze

Summary

Film made for publicity purposes, as a series of still photographs to accompany an article in Harper's weekly.

Contributor Names

Dickson, W. K.-L. (William Kennedy-Laurie), 1860-1935, production.

Ott, Frederic P., performer.

Heise, William, camera.

Thomas A. Edison, Inc.

Hendricks (Gordon) Collection (Library of Congress)

Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)

Created / Published

United States : Edison Manufacturing Co., 1894.

Subject Headings

- Sneezing

- Publicity

- Motion picture industry--Public relations--United States

Genre

Actualities (Motion pictures)

Notes

- 2887 U.S. Copyright Office

- Copyright: W. K. L. Dickson; 9Jan1894; 2887.

- Performer: Fred Ott.

- Camera, William Heise.

- Duration: 0:05 at 16 fps.

- MAVIS 180290.

- Filmed ca. January 2-7, 1894, in Edison's Black Maria studio.

- Sources used: Copyright catalog, motion pictures, 1894-1912; Musser, C. Edison motion pictures 1890-1900, 1997, p. 87.

- viewing print; Received: 5-13-1994; preservation; AFI/Hendricks (Gordon) Collection.

- paper print; Received: 1-9-1894; copyright deposit; Paper Print Collection.

- Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as digital files.

Medium

viewing print. 1 film reel of 1 (ca. 1 min., 4 ft.) : si., b&w ; 35 mm.

paper pos. 1 roll of 1 (ca. 4 ft.) : si., b&w ; 35 mm.

Call Number/Physical Location

FEC 8091 (viewing print)

LC 26A (paper pos)

Repository

Library of Congress Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division Washington, D. C. 20540 USA dcu

Digital Id

http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/edmp.0026A

Library of Congress Control Number

00694192

Online Format

image

video

Description

Film made for publicity purposes, as a series of still photographs to accompany an article in Harper's weekly.

LCCN Permalink

https://lccn.loc.gov/00694192

Additional Metadata Formats

MARCXML Record

MODS Record

Dublin Core Record

Articles and Essays with this item:

Rights assessment is your responsibility.

The Library of Congress is providing access to these materials for educational and research purposes and makes no warranty with regard to their use for other purposes. The written permission of the copyright owners and/or other rights holders (such as publicity and/or privacy rights) is required for distribution, reproduction, or other use of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use or other statutory exemptions.

While the Library is not aware of any U.S. copyright protection (see Title 17, U.S.C.) or any other restrictions in the materials in the Inventing Entertainment: The Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings of the Edison Companies, there may be content protected as "works for hire" (copyright may be held by the party that commissioned the original work) and/or under the copyright or neighboring-rights laws of other nations. The Library is anxious to hear from individuals or institutions that have information about these materials or know of their history.

Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item. Users should consult the catalog information that accompanies each item for specific information. This catalog data provides the details known to the Library of Congress regarding the corresponding item and may assist users in making independent assessments of the legal status of these items as related to their desired uses.

The following films are reproduced courtesy of the Theodore Roosevelt Association, P.O. Box 720, Oyster Bay, NY 11771: U.S. Troops Landing at Daiquirí, Cuba; Troops Making Military Road in Front of Santiago; Pack Mules with Ammunition on the Santiago Trail, Cuba.

Suggested credit line: Library of Congress, Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division.

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Heise, William, Camera, Inc Thomas A. Edison, Hendricks, and Paper Print Collection. Edison kinetoscopic record of a sneeze, January 7. United States: Edison Manufacturing Co, 1894. Video. https://www.loc.gov/item/00694192/.

APA citation style:

Heise, W., Thomas A. Edison, I., Hendricks & Paper Print Collection. (1894) Edison kinetoscopic record of a sneeze, January 7. United States: Edison Manufacturing Co. [Video] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/00694192/.

MLA citation style:

Heise, William, Camera, et al. Edison kinetoscopic record of a sneeze, January 7. United States: Edison Manufacturing Co, 1894. Video. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/00694192/>.

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Edison kinetoscopic record of a sneeze, January 7, 1894

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Title Edison kinetoscopic record of a sneeze, January 7, 1894 Other Title Sneeze Fred Ott's sneeze Ott's sneeze Kinetoscopic record of a sneeze Summary Film made for publicity purposes, as a series of still photographs to accompany an article in Harper's weekly. Contributor Names Dickson, W. K.-L. (William Kennedy-Laurie), 1860-1935, production.

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"I am experimenting upon an instrument which does for the eye what the phonograph does for the ear, which is the recording and reproduction of things in motion ...."

--Thomas A. Edison, 1888

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"I am experimenting upon an instrument which does for the eye what the phonograph does for the ear, which is the recording and reproduction of things in motion ...."

--Thomas A. Edison, 1888
Edison's laboratory was responsible for the invention of the Kinetograph (a motion picture camera) and the Kinetoscope (a peep-hole motion picture viewer). Most of this work was performed by Edison's assistant, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, beginning in 1888. Motion pictures became a successful entertainment industry in less than a decade, with single-viewer Kinetoscopes giving way to films projected for mass audiences. The Edison Manufacturing Co. (later known as Thomas A. Edison, Inc.) not only built the apparatus for filming and projecting motion pictures, but also produced films for public consumption. Most early examples were actualities showing famous people, news events, disasters, people at work, new modes of travel and technology, scenic views, expositions, and other leisure activities. As actualities declined in popularity, the company's production emphasis shifted to comedies and dramas.

This collection features 341 Edison films, including 127 titles also available in other American Memory motion picture groupings. The earliest example is a camera test made in 1891, followed by other tests and a wide variety of actualities and dramas through the year 1918, when Edison's company ceased film production. The presentation also offers a brief history of Edison's work with motion pictures as well as an overview of the different film genres produced by the Edison company.

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History of Edison Motion Pictures - Inventing Entertainment: The Early Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings of the Edison Companies | Digital Collections | Library of Congress

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"I am experimenting upon an instrument which does for the eye what the phonograph does for the ear, which is the recording and reproduction of things in motion ...." --Thomas A. Edison, 1888 Edison's laboratory was responsible for the invention of the Kinetograph (a motion picture camera) and the Kinetoscope (a peep-hole motion picture viewer).

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Central Text: Girls Think of Everything (Stories of Ingenious Inventions by Women)

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Central Text: Girls Think of Everything (Stories of Ingenious Inventions by Women)